Brig. Gen. Supardjo's 1966 analysis, addressed to 'comrade leaders', of why the 30 September Movement failed, published by John Roosa in 2008. The only first-hand assessment by a movement leader.
Trouw (14 Feb 1966): on the eve of the Untung and Njono trials in Jakarta, Dutch-born lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers, herself a PKI member, takes on the defence after others refused. Profiles her and her husband as 'non-extreme' communists with Leiden training. No mention of Gerwani; context for the 1965-66 Mahmillub t
ANP report in Algemeen Dagblad (1966-02-15) on Dutch-born lawyer Trees Sunito-Heyligers, the only Indonesian jurist willing to defend PKI/SOBSI leader Njono before the special military tribunal. Her husband Sunito was jailed after the coup and she was dismissed from the state bank. No Gerwani mention; context for the 1
Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 16 February 1966, p. 14: profile from Utrecht of Trees Soenito-Heyligers, who took on Njono's defence in the Jakarta coup trial. Her parents in Amersfoort say she often took pro deo cases and believes everyone has a right to a defence. No Gerwani content.
Het Vrije Volk/Reuters report (25 Feb 1966, p.21) on Colonel Untung's trial before the Jakarta court-martial: he admits his order to take away the generals meant they should be killed, says he acted to save Sukarno from a military plot and denies PKI membership. Lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers asked Sukarno to pardon Nj
Angkatan Bersendjata, 9 Oktober 1966 (edisi Mingguan). Cultural-page polemic against Lekra calls it a 'myth' that 'without Gerwani the women's movement has no meaning'; issue dominated by ABRI's 21st anniversary and the Subandrio trial.
Berita Yudha, 19 Oktober 1966. Issue dominated by Subandrio's Mahmillub trial; a short Gerwani item on p. 2, with a Yogyakarta feature on villagers hearing the trial by radio opening with 'Genjer-genjer'.
The Scotsman, 29 Oct 1966, 'Not the old Subandrio': profile of Sukarno's former foreign minister, condemned to death by a military tribunal for treason and bearing 'heavy responsibility for the rise of the PKI'. It traces his career and notes he is a scapegoat the Suharto regime can blame while Sukarno is retained for
Sinar Harapan, 18 November 1966. Antara report that Suwarti, a Gerwani leader and PKI Central Committee member arrested in Palembang in May 1966 forming a shadow regional committee, will be tried by the South Sumatra Mahmillub; the first woman 'Gestapu/PKI' figure before the court.
English pamphlet (Melbourne, 1975, trans. Benedict Anderson) of PKI General Secretary Sudisman's final Mahmillub speech of 21 July 1967, 'Analysis of Responsibility'. A leader's self-critical account of the PKI and the 30 September Movement.
Harian Kami, 5 Juli 1967. List of Sudisman's three defence lawyers and 22 witnesses for his Mahmillub trial includes two Gerwani leaders with underground aliases, including Sulami (alias Siti Alfiah).
Berita Yudha, 5 Januari 1968. Antara report on the arrest of lawyer Yap Thiam Hien, singling out Trees Sunito, defence counsel of Njono, as 'HSI figure and Gerwani leader' as proof of PKI front organisations' infiltration.
Algemeen Dagblad (1968-01-05): short item that Jakarta police arrested Dutch-born jurist Trees Sunito-Heyligers (52), alleged member of the banned HSI (Hubungan Sarjana Indonesia). Gives her biography: Leiden law doctorate 1940, husband Sunito, return to Indonesia 1953, dismissal from the state bank after 1965; she had
Short Algemeen Handelsblad item (1968-01-05): Jakarta police arrested Dutch-born jurist Trees Soenito-Heyligers (52) on suspicion of membership of the banned HSI. She had defended K. Njono, sentenced to death for the 1965 coup; her husband Soenito, parliament secretary and member of the left-wing Urec movement, was arr
De Nieuwe Limburger, 5 Jan 1968 (Reuters): Jakarta police arrest Dutch lawyer Mrs Mr Trees Soenito-Heyligers, from Zwolle, on suspicion of membership of the banned communist scholars' association HSI. Two years earlier she had defended trade union leader Njono, sentenced to death for the 1965 coup.
Short De Telegraaf wire (5 Jan 1968, Reuter): Dutch-born lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers (52) was arrested in Jakarta on suspicion of membership of the banned communist scholars' association; she had defended trade-union leader Njono, sentenced to death for the 1965 coup. Gerwani is not mentioned.
De Waarheid, 5 Jan 1968, p. 1: telegram from the NVB executive to the Indonesian ambassador in The Hague protesting the arrest of lawyer Trees Sunito-Heyligers, recalling her anti-fascist work, her defence of Dutch soldiers who refused colonial war and her defence of union leader Njono, and demanding release of her and
Friese Koerier Reuters item (5 Jan 1968, p.11): Jakarta police arrested Dutch-born lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers, 52, on suspicion of membership of the banned communist scholars' association HSI. She had defended trade unionist Njono two years earlier; her husband Soenito, parliament secretary, was arrested after the