Chief of staff's delegation returned: Sumual prepared to meet Nasution before 15 March
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-03-09, p. 1): army envoys report from Makassar on Lt.-Col. Sumual's 2 March proclamation of martial law in TT-VII; parliament debates sending observers, proposing a group including Mrs. Ch. Salawati (PKI); the PKI central committee calls the move anti-republican and linked to SEATO. Cover
Government answers questions in parliament (parliamentary mission to Makassar)
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (9 Mar 1957, p.1): Indonesian parliament begins a new tradition of ministers answering written questions orally; the plenary has not yet decided on sending a parliamentary mission to Makassar. The defence section nominated Slamet Ginting (PNI), Mrs Ch. Salawati Daud (PKI), A.B. Karubuy and K
Parliamentary delegation
Java-Bode, 9 March 1957, p. 1: parliament has not yet decided on its defence section's request to send observers to TT VII over the Sulawesi events. Proposed members: Slamet Ginting (PNI) as chair, Mrs Ch. Salawati Daud (PKI), A.B. Karubuy, K.H. Misbach, with Roza as secretary; Senduk wants other factions included.
Lt-Col Sumual willing to account in Jakarta
Indische Courant voor Nederland, 16 Mar 1957, p. 1: after the East Indonesian military proclamation, parliament considers sending observers to T.T. VII including Mrs Ch. Salawati (PKI); the PKI central committee condemns Sumual's action as linked to Colonel Lubis and SEATO subversion.
Aminah Djamil, death notice
Death notice in Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (13 May 1957, p.2): Mrs Aminah Djamil, PKI representative in North Sumatra's provisional provincial council, died on Friday night. She was also the leader of Gerwani, 'the communist women's movement', in the province. Her husband Ali Hadihroto sits on the Langkat regency exec
45 members in total: National Council definitively formed by president and cabinet
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-06-15, p. 1): announcement of the 45-member National Council (Dewan Nasional) under Sukarno, with Roeslan Abdulgani as vice-chair and secretary-general. Functional-group seats include workers (SOBSI's Munir), youth (Sujono Atmo, PKI) and women's organisations: Mrs. S.K. Trimurti and Mrs.
Composition of national council completed (Sukarno chair)
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (15 Jun 1957, p.1): the 45-member National Council is announced, chaired by Sukarno with Roeslan Abdulgani as vice-chair. Members include Munir (SOBSI workers), Sardjono (peasants), Henk Ngantung (artists), and S.K. Trimurti and Rasuna Said for the women's movements; Mrs Towoliu represents C
Composition of the National Council announced
Java-Bode, 15 June 1957, p. 1: government announces the 45-member National Council chaired by Sukarno, with Roeslan Abdulgani as vice-chair. Women's organisations are represented by S.K. Trimurti and Rasuna Said; other members include Sobsi's Munir, PKI's Sujono Atmo, painter Henk Ngantung, Towoliu and Siwabessy, plus
Parliament fairly sympathetic to emergency law
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (19 Jun 1957, p.1): parliamentary debate on the state-of-emergency bill replacing the colonial SOB regime. Speakers (Munir/PNI, Tambunan, Soeprapto, Amin Iskandar, Arudji Kartawinata) mostly accept it. Mrs Salawati Daud (PKI) stresses her faction's view that the law must primarily protect th
Close of general debates on state of emergency
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-06-20, p. 2): report of the closing general debates in parliament on the state-of-emergency (SOB) bill, with 24 speakers from PNI, Parkindo, Pembangunan, NU, PSII, Masyumi and PKI. Mrs. Salawati (PKI) warns against abuse of power and weak oversight, wanting the law aimed at separatists an
Composition of the National Council announced
Indische Courant voor Nederland, 22 Jun 1957, p. 1: government announces the 45-member National Council under Sukarno, with Roeslan Abdulgani as vice-chair. S.K. Trimurti and Rasuna Said are named as the two representatives of women's organisations; Henk Ngantung (artists) and Ahem Erningpradja (labour) also appear.
Installation and swearing-in of National Council does not undermine authority of cabinet and parliament
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-07-13, p. 1): Sukarno installs the 45-member National Council (Dewan Nasional) at the Istana Negara, swearing in 32 members, and stresses it does not undermine cabinet or parliament but assists, lends authority and bridges society and government. The full list names S.K. Trimurti and Rasu
Mrs Salawati Daud expelled, accused of PKI membership (Monthly Indonesian Press Survey, Aug 1957)
US State Department press-survey page (Aug 1957) from a Makassar-area report: the Sangihe Talaud youth and student organisation expelled several members, among them Mrs Salawati Daud and Dolongpaha, who were accused of being PKI members. The page begins mid-article; the sweep identifies the woman as Salawati Daud, a Ge
Veterans bill in parliament
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (20 Aug 1957, p.2): parliament begins first-round debate on the veterans' welfare bill; eight members speak, among them Mrs Salawati Daud (PKI). Minister Chaerul Saleh adds an oral statement and says a veterans law is needed to register veterans and define them. The government will accept am
Satisfied with decisions of national conference: general debates on normalisation of the country's situation
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-09-27, p. 2): parliamentary general debates on the national conference results and Soekarno-Hatta cooperation. PKI women MPs speak: Nungtjik A.R. calls the results a merit of the cabinet and asks for a gotong-royong cabinet; Mrs. Suharti Suwarto criticises regional councils and military a
Indonesian parliament wants more concrete Sukarno-Hatta cooperation
Ons Noorden (27 Sep 1957) on the parliamentary debate after the national consultation conference. PKI MP Suharti Suwarto sharply criticised the revolutionary councils in Sumatra and Celebes for arresting local communist leaders, warning the conference decisions cannot work until they are freed. Other speakers urge Suka
General debates on normalisation of the country's situation
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-09-28, p. 2): continuation of the parliamentary debate on normalisation after the national conference, with seven speakers. Mrs. Umi Sardjono (Pembangunan) calls the result a positive principle showing the government's authority, but doubts it can be realised while arbitrary arrests and b
Mrs Salawati on security in Celebes
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (25 Oct 1957, p.2): PKI MP Mrs Salawati, member of parliament's defence section, back from a visit to Makassar, says she will urge the section to visit Aceh where security is restored, as a guide for restoring security in South/Southeast Celebes. She notes no report yet on Kahar Muzakar's fi
Monday evening
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-11-21, p. 3): parliamentary budget debate for 1957 over two days with eighteen speakers. PKI women MPs speak: Mrs. Umi Sardjono on Justice Ministry staffing, prisons, foreigner control and a juvenile court; Mrs. Sundari Abdulrachman ('Bundari' in text) on economising, regional information
Monday evening (page 3, 21 Nov 1957)
Page image of Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1957-11-21, p. 3) with several articles. Relevant: the parliamentary budget debate in which PKI women MPs Umi Sardjono and Sundari Abdulrachman speak (same text as GA-00568), and Lt.-Col. Dachjar addressing a meeting of the 'Gerakan Massa Wanita' (Women's Mass Movement) in Jakart
History of Jakarta City Government (Greater Jakarta Municipality, 1958)
Sedjarah Pemerintahan Kota Djakarta, an official history of Jakarta's city government from Dutch Batavia to the end of 1957, compiled by Drs. The Liang Gie and published by the Kotapradja Djakarta Raya in 1958. It has nothing on Gerwani as such. It notes that women could vote for the Batavia council only from 1941 and
US Monthly Indonesian Press Survey (1958): Gerwani branches, Kowani secretariat, Sulami
US Monthly Indonesian Press Survey (1958) extracts: Kowani secretariat (Maria Ulfah Santoso chair, Mudigdio of Gerwani treasurer); Harian Rakjat's 30 Dec 1957 list of Gerwani's working council (Umi Sardjono chair; Mudigdio, Suharti, S.K. Trimurti deputies; Kartinah secretary-general; Sulami deputy; Suwati Sutrimo Sudji
Sukarno, the arch-intriguer: profile including the Hartini marriage
Long profile of Sukarno by C.H. Schaap in De Tijd (6 Feb 1958) tracing his career and manoeuvres. It notes that in Oct 1954 his marriage to Hartini caused general indignation among Indonesian women, who remembered his book "Sarinah", and that Fatmawati left him. Gerwani is not named.
Sukarno, the arch-intriguer
Nieuwe Haarlemsche Courant, 6 February 1958, p. 5: long profile of Sukarno by former correspondent C.H. Schaap, calling him an 'arch-intriguer' bent on absolute power, tracing his career to the 1957 cabinet. It mentions that his October 1954 second marriage to Hartini caused general indignation among Indonesian women,
Sukarno, the master intriguer
Profile of President Sukarno in the Curaçao weekly Amigoe di Curaçao (18 Feb 1958, p. 4), portraying him as a charming but ruthless 'master intriguer' and authoritarian. It narrates his career and notes women's indignation at his 1954 marriage to Hartini despite his book Sarinah. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Sukarno, the master intriguer [duplicate]
Second copy (different Delpher ID) of the Amigoe di Curaçao profile of Sukarno, 18 Feb 1958: an unflattering account of him as authoritarian master intriguer, from 1920s nationalism to the 1957 cabinet. Mentions the general women's indignation at his marriage to Hartini despite writing Sarinah. Gerwani is not named.
Birth and Growth of the Indonesian Women's Movement, Part I (Sulami, 1959)
Part I of Sulami's 1959 history of the Indonesian women's movement in WIDF's magazine: Kartini, Putri Merdika (1912), Wanita Sedar, the 1928 Women's Congress, the Congress League of Indonesian Women, and demands on marriage, education and voting rights through 1941, with PKI influence noted after 1920. Prefaces the bir
Birth and Growth of the Indonesian Women's Movement, Part III (Sulami, 1959)
Part III of Sulami's 1959 history: KOWANI conflicts and 1948 Solo congress, founding of Gerwis at Semarang (4 June 1950), its 1954 renaming as Gerwani, structure with six commissions, membership growth (6,000 Java 1951; 642,460 in January 1957; 700,000 at the Third Congress, Solo, Dec 1957), 1955 election results (5 MP
CIA report, January 1959: Foreign delegations at the CPSU 21st Congress
CIA report 'Foreign Delegations at the CPSU 21st Congress, January 1959'. Under Far East parties the Indonesian delegation is listed as D. N. Aidit (secretary general), Karel Supit, B. O. Hutapea (editor of Bintang Merah), Suharti Suwarto (head of the party's women's department) and Nursuhut. Suharti Suwarto is the onl
PKI delegation to Moscow for the 21st CPSU Congress
De Waarheid, 22 Jan 1959, p. 1: brief report that a PKI delegation led by D.N. Aidit left for Moscow for the 21st CPSU Congress; members include Nursuhud, K. Supit, B.O. Hutapea (editor of Bintang Merah) and Suharti Suwarto, head of the PKI women's bureau. Shows Suharti Suwarto's PKI role.