Tempo.co explainer (29 Sept 2021) on organisations 'considered affiliated' with the PKI: Gerwani, Lekra, SOBSI, Pemuda Rakjat. It states, citing Wieringa, that Gerwis became Gerwani at its 1954 second congress, electing PKI member Umi Sardjono as chair. Short, background-level.
English-edition Tempo cover story 'End of the Road' (4 Oct 2021, Retno Sulistyowati), a translation from the Umi Sardjono special report. It traces Umi's formation in Pathuk Youth, Pesindo, BBW with S.K. Trimurti, Madiun 1948 arrest, founding of Gerwis (Semarang, 3-6 Jun 1950), Gerwani growth from 80,000 to 650,000 (19
Tempo English cover story (4 Oct 2021, Isma Savitri) on Umi Sardjono's early life, drawing on Ruth Indiah Rahayu and Lilik H.S. Born Suharti Sumodiwirjo in Salatiga in 1923 to a civil servant, she was shaped by Kartini, Parindra and Gerindo, worked as an underground courier in East Java, was tortured by the Japanese in