Tempo profile (21 April 1990), in S.K. Trimurti's own first-person voice, of her life from teacher and Partindo cadre to labour minister and spiritualist. She says she co-founded Gerwis around 1950 (Ketua III, Yogyakarta), that Gerwis became Gerwani at its third congress under Umi Sardjono, and that in 1965 she quit Ge
Reader's letter in Tempo (12 May 1990) responding to Trimurti's memoir excerpt of 21 April 1990, praising her 'steel mentality' after a six-hour beating by the Dutch police and contrasting it with migrant worker Kurtiah's abuse abroad. The heading also carries a correction: Trimurti born in Sawahan, Boyolali, 11 May 19
TAPOL Bulletin no. 105 (June 1991). In an interview (pp. 11-12) East Timorese ex-prisoner Domingas Coelho describes Tangerang women's prison from 1984, where she shared Blok Anggrek with two elderly PKI prisoners, Sundari Abdulrahaman ('Mama Sundari') and Tati, who nursed her and taught her embroidery, fieldwork and In
Het Parool (21 Aug 1995) report by Joop Holthausen on four Indonesians, led by Frans Seda and including S.K. Trimurti, 83, asking Queen Beatrix to recognise 17 August 1945 as independence day. Includes a profile of Trimurti: journalist, imprisoned by Dutch and Japanese, first woman minister (labour, 1947), member of di
Bali Post, 16 Apr 1999, p. 1: founding of the YPKP 65 foundation (15 Apr 1999, YLBHI, Jakarta), chaired by Sulami, ex-Gerwani member imprisoned 20 years, with Pramoedya; research on killing sites and aim to hold Suharto accountable.
Tempo interview (29 Aug 1999) with Sulami, former Deputy Secretary-General II of Gerwani, with a short biography: arrested 12 Feb 1967 on Amir Machmud's order, tried 1975, released 1984, torture by rattan between fingers and threats of rape; founded the 1965-66 victims research foundation. She denies any Gerwani role a
South China Sunday Morning Post, 23 Apr 2000, p.10, Vaudine England: profile of Sudjinah Halina (72), former Gerwani activist and political prisoner, as Indonesia reopens debate on 1965. She recounts Solo childhood, guerrilla courier work (1947-49), study at Gadjah Mada, the 1955 Prague youth festival, a job with the W
Bali Post, 28 Apr 2000, p. 19: YPKP 65 (Sulami) and Solidaritas Nusa Bangsa press Komnas HAM to investigate post-G30S massacres; Sulami denies slashing the generals and demands her family's name be cleared.
Sulami's 33-page booklet (Cipta Lestari, March 2001) retelling Kartini's life as a socialist, anti-colonial genealogy for women, then tracing women's organisations and the 1965 destruction of Gerwani. A former Gerwani leader's historical-political reflection.
IISG portrait photograph of Sudjinah (no. 1 of 3, dated 2001, collection Ibu Sudjina): colour photograph of an elderly grey-haired woman seated at a table with a microphone, plants behind. Sudjinah is identified only by the file title; useful as visual documentation of a Gerwani leader later in life.
IISG portrait photograph of Sudjinah (no. 2 of 3, dated 2001, collection Ibu Sudjina): colour snapshot of an elderly woman in a brown blouse and white skirt on a garden path. Sudjinah is identified only by the file title; useful as visual documentation of a Gerwani leader later in life.
IISG portrait photograph of Sudjinah (no. 3 of 3, dated 2001, collection Ibu Sudjina): black-and-white head-and-shoulders portrait of an elderly woman with glasses in a white blouse. Sudjinah is identified only by the file title; useful as visual documentation of a Gerwani leader later in life.
December 2002 LPKP-65 memorial booklet for Sulami (1926-2002), former Gerwani leader and YPKP 1965/66 chair, with her biography (arrested 1967, 20-year sentence, released 1984) and documents on exhumations, letters to Komnas HAM and forensic work.
TAPOL Bulletin no. 169/170 (Jan/Feb 2003), with Carmel Budiardjo's obituary of Sulami (pp. 13-15). Born Sragen 15 Aug 1926, she joined Gerwis (Gerwani from 1951), became East Java executive member (1954) and second deputy secretary-general (1957), attended WIDF meetings, and was deputy secretary-general in 1965. Arrest
Sulami's reflective essay (written 1992, posted 9 Nov 2006) on why revolutionary women founded Gerwis on 4 June 1950, its rejection of 'man-hating feminism', its actions such as Tanjung Morawa and International Women's Day. First-person account by a Gerwani secretary-general.
IndoPROGRESS in memoriam (11 Sep 2007) for Sudjinah (1929-2007), Gerwani leader, WIDF secretariat worker and political prisoner, based on a 2000 interview: court-official family, anti-Japanese courier work, and later life. Obituary profile.
Okezone feature (1 Oct 2011) on Putmainah, then 83, former Gerwani chair for Blitar Regency and PKI legislator, covering her Islamic and leftist family background, Pesindo past, flight after the 1965 coup and later life. Biographical testimony of a regional Gerwani leader.
Lilik HS's IndoPROGRESS obituary of Umi Sardjono (born Suharti Sumodiwiryo, Gerwani chair 1954-65, d. 11 March 2011): her funeral at Matraman, a visit to the Waluya Sejati elderly home founded on Sulami's initiative, and former leaders' memories. Literary-journalistic portrait.
Anett Keller's 2012 reportage (südostasien, German) on Lestari, an 80-year-old Gerwani co-founder in a Jakarta house of ex-prisoners: Gerwani's literacy and kindergarten work, her husband a PKI East Java leader, flight, arrest in Malang, 1979 release and life as an 'ET' domestic worker. Life-history portrait.
detikNews feature (2013) on Gerwis's founding on 4 June 1950 by six organisations (Rupindo, Persatuan Wanita Sedar, Istri Sedar, Gerwindo, Wanita Madura, PPRI) and founders Trimurti, Salawati Daud, Umi Sardjono, Tris Metty and Sri Panggihan, with I.G.A.A. Ratih. Concise account of origins.
Jurnal Perempuan profile (10 Oct 2014) of Arjo Sutiyem, a Boyolali farmer who joined Gerwis in the early 1950s, founded the Musuk branch (2 Feb 1952), led Boyolali's organisation and ran women's literacy schools, then was handed to the army in 1965. Grassroots Gerwis/Gerwani testimony.
Koran Memo (Kediri), 1 Oct 2014, p. 5: interview with Putmainah (86), former chair of Gerwani in Blitar regency and PKI member of the DPR-GR, ten years in Plantungan; recalls PKI and NU as allies in local parliament.
Tempo.co profile (2 Oct 2015, by Bobby Chandra) of Putmainah, 77, former Gerwani chair and PKI faction member of the Blitar DPRD, now stroke-afflicted in Pakisrejo, Srengat. Her husband Subandi, Blitar Front Nasional and DPRD head, was killed after a PKI congress; she fled into the forest with seven children. Once a re
Jurnal Perempuan feature (Jan 2016) on a Jejer Wadon visit to Suti (Arjo Sutiyem), 96, in Musuk, Boyolali: her reasons for joining the women's movement, early life, chairing Gerwis Boyolali with 4,000 members from 1952. Adds biographical detail to the 2014 profile.
Rappler first-person account (2 Feb 2016) of Suti (Arjo Sutiyem), 96: born 1920 in Musuk, third wife in an arranged marriage, joined Gerwis in 1951, chaired Musuk and Boyolali Gerwani, then persecuted in 1965. Fullest of three texts on her.
Tempo.co obituary (25 May 2016, Abdul Djalil Hakim) of Putmainah, 90, former Blitar Gerwani chair and DPRD-GR member for the PKI faction, called the last Gerwani branch head. It covers her family background (father a Red Sarekat Islam leader killed at Madiun 1948), ties to Sukarno's family, and mourners including a Ban
Ruth Indiah Rahayu's 2017 biographical portrait of Umi Sardjono (1923-2011), Gerwani chair, from Umi's own stories told 2004-09; opens with the film's Jamilah, whom Umi met in detention and apologised to. Intimate life history of a Gerwani leader.
Historia infographic (2020) with a timeline of Umi Sardjono, Gerwani chair: born Semarang 1923 as Suharti, anti-Japanese underground work, leadership of Gerwani, and detention ending at Plantungan. Popular biographical summary.
Journal article (2020) by Agustina and Fatimah, a biography of Zulbainar (b. 1939, West Sumatra), who joined Gerwani c. 1954, became treasurer of Gerwani Padang Pariaman, lost her husband to a mob in 1965 and was held 12 years without trial until 1977. Regional Gerwani life history.
Part I of Ita Fatia Nadia's essay (südostasien 3/2020) tracing the women's movement 1912-65 to Gerwani: peasant and plantation work, marriage and land reform, WIDF ties and 1.7 million members. Notes Kowani in the WIDF 1946-49 and Indonesian women at the WIDF secretariat. In German.