Mme Suharti, president of the Indonesian Women's Movement; Sukarno and polygamy
La Presse (17 May 1955, p.10): feature on a Muslim feminist campaign against polygamy, starting with the Pakistani PM Mohamed Ali's second marriage and spreading to Java. Says Fatmawati Sukarno was recruited and that Hartini was pregnant during the Bandung Conference. A snippet names Mme Suharti, president of the 'very
Mme Suharti, president of the Indonesian Women's Movement; Sukarno and polygamy (extract)
La Presse (17 May 1955, p.10), snippet extract of the polygamy feature: unrest in Indonesia over Sukarno's marriage to Hartini, in which Mme Suharti, president of the 'very communist-leaning' Indonesian Women's Movement (Gerwani), took advantage; Hartini's pregnancy surfaced as the Bandung Conference drew attention.
US Embassy Reports on Women's Organizations and Friendship-Society Regulation, Oct 1961
US Embassy Djakarta despatches, Oct 1961: transmittal of the July 1961 war-administrator regulation on international friendship societies, and the report 'Role of Women in Indonesia: Women's Organizations' with a memorandum of conversation with Maria Ulfah Santoso (8 March 1961) and biographic notes. It describes Gerwa
Over 300 foreign guests come to Beijing to celebrate National Day (Renmin Ribao, 1 October 1962)
Renmin Ribao, 1 Oct 1962, p. 4 (Xinhua): list of over 300 foreign guests arriving in Beijing for China's 13th National Day, headed by Hartini Sukarno and including W.E.B. Du Bois. Indonesian entries include a BTI delegation, Pemuda Rakjat, student leaders and an army colonel; Mrs Sudarso is named as Gerwani's represent
Over 300 foreign guests come to Beijing to celebrate National Day (Renmin Ribao, 1 October 1962)
Renmin Ribao, 1 Oct 1962, p. 4 (Xinhua): list of over 300 foreign guests arriving in Beijing for China's 13th National Day, headed by Hartini Sukarno and including W.E.B. Du Bois. Indonesian entries include a BTI delegation, Pemuda Rakjat, student leaders and an army colonel; Mrs Sudarso is named as Gerwani's represent
Renmin Ribao, 21 Jan 1965: Subandrio's address to Gerwani's 4th plenary; Hartini pledges joint struggle with China
People's Daily p. 4 (21 Jan 1965), Xinhua from Jakarta: First Deputy PM Subandrio, in a written address to the fourth plenary session of the Indonesian Women's Movement Association (Gerwani), says Indonesia cannot coexist peacefully with imperialism, citing Sukarno's withdrawal from the UN. The headline adds that Harti
Renmin Ribao, 21 Jan 1965: Subandrio's address to Gerwani's 4th plenary; Hartini pledges joint struggle with China
People's Daily p. 4 (21 Jan 1965), Xinhua from Jakarta: First Deputy PM Subandrio, in a written address to the fourth plenary session of the Indonesian Women's Movement Association (Gerwani), says Indonesia cannot coexist peacefully with imperialism, citing Sukarno's withdrawal from the UN. The headline adds that Harti
Arrest of Sukarno's Wife Denied (Canberra Times, 7 October 1968)
Canberra Times, 7 Oct 1968, p. 4 (AAP-Reuter): Presidential Secretary Colonel Sutikno denies reports that Hartini, Sukarno's second wife, had been detained, saying she was last questioned about 18 months earlier over reports she was a member of the banned Gerwani. Also notes Armed Forces Day and army command changes.
Arrest of Sukarno's Wife Denied (Canberra Times, 7 October 1968), duplicate
Canberra Times, 7 Oct 1968, p. 4 (AAP-Reuter): Presidential Secretary Colonel Sutikno denies reports that Hartini, Sukarno's second wife, had been detained, saying she was last questioned about 18 months earlier over reports she was a member of the banned Gerwani. Also notes Armed Forces Day and army command changes.
Influence of Gerwani's image on the women's movement 1966-1998 (Retnoningrum, 2009)
2009 Sanata Dharma history thesis by Elisabeth Retnoningrum on Gerwani's orientation, the New Order's spreading of a bad image of Gerwani, and later women's movement development; concludes the sexual mutilation story was untrue and legitimised the regime.
Gerwani's dilemma over Sukarno's polygamy (Merdeka.com, 2012)
Merdeka.com feature (24 Sep 2012) on Gerwani's dilemma over Sukarno's polygamy: it fought for a marriage law banning polygamy from 1950 but set the issue aside when Sukarno married Hartini, Dewi and Yurike Sanger, following the PKI line. Concise account of the polygamy contradiction.
Tempo, 18 April 2016: Onward the women's movement
Tempo editorial note (18 Apr 2016), recalling a 1978 Kartini Day feature on the women's movement from Aceh 1614 to the 1970s. It describes Kowani's formation (1946), Perwari's protest over Sukarno's 1954 marriage to Hartini, Perwari being squeezed as Gerwani, 'affiliated with the PKI', gained influence, and Gerwani ste