Peking Review No. 52, 29 Desember 1961 (Chinese women's delegation greets Fourth Gerwani Congress)

=== [PDF page 1] === PEKING 52 A WEEKLY MAGAZINE OF CHINESE NEWS AND VIEWS CHINA DENOUNCES ILLEGAL U.N. RESOLUTIONS 1) Foreign Ministry Stalement (p. 8). 2) Renmin Ribao comment (p. 5). 3) Trampling on U.N. Charter (p. 9). West Irian Belongs to Indonesia China supports Indonesia's strugyle [or liberation af West Irian (p. 11). The Peace Movement and National Liberation Summary of Liu Ning-l’s speech at the World Peace Council {p. 13). Technical Innovations Drive Goes Deeper Field repori from Shanghai (p. 15}. Chou Hsin-fang’s 60 Years on the Stage === [PDF page 2] === Great Changes in a Mountain Village (Volume 1) by Chou Li-po This novel, to be published in two volumes, describes the struggle of the peosants In a reméte mountain village to get a forming co-operative going afiar the land reform, and ithe deep-going changes that look ploce in the village in the course of that straggle. The economic basis of private ownership which hod exisled for thousands of years and age-old outmoded customs were rooled out in a short peried of time. Meanwhile great changes were effected in family life and in human celations as a whole. A vivid tale of how agricultural co-operation transformed the lifa of the peasants and brought them greater happiness, the novel shows how socialism flourishes in China's countryside. bread hinges { Creat Chapt an ome Great Chonges in a Mountain Village is another successful novel by Chou Li-po, well-known author of The Hurricane, which takes the historic land reform as its theme, Both are literary records of the epoch-moking advance of rural China. In hard covers with dust jacket. lilustrated with drawings in colour. THE SUN HAS RISEN by Ma Feng The best eight stories by a well-known Chinese author. They cover ihe years 1949-59, the period of the struggle to establish a co-operative system of agriculture in Ching, Written with a Sight, humorous and optimistic touch they treat this struggle from many angles. They reveal the canflicis that arese over the choice between Lhe two roads, sociaism and capitclism; they tefl of the heroism and high spirits of Ihe Chinese people during the big leap forward; they accurately portray the new peoole who oppeared ot that time and ihe new ways of doing things, Through these pages you will get to know and admire such go-ahead village personalities as Uncle Choo, the enthusiastic stockman, and Han Mei-mei, the elementary school graduate who, responding to the Communist Pary's call, chooses farming as her career, pp. 174 Published by: FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS Pai Wan Chuang, Peking (37), China Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDIAN P.O. Box 399, Peking, China === [PDF page 3] === PEKING REVIEW bE a Ak (BENING ZHOUBAG) " K WEEKLY MAGAZINE OF CHINESE NEWS AND VIEWS December 29,196] Vol. IV No. 52 CONTENTS ROUND THE WEEK 3 Achievemenis in Industry; N.P.C. to Meet: Worker-Engineers; Overhauling Farm Machines; The Magic Flute ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS U.S. Persists in Hostillty to the Chinese Peaple — Renmin Ribtoe Editorial China Strongly Pratcsts Against Tileral U.N. Hesolulions — Chinese Foreign Statement Ministry Trampling on the U.N, Charter — Chou Keng-shens Support for Indonesia's Just Stroggle — Cheng Li-ta The Peace Movement and National Liberation Persona Non Grata; Very Good? {Pen Probes) Technical Innovations Drive Goes Deeper ~ Ho Chen-pei SIDELIGHTS CHINA AND THE WORLD Socialist Soltdariiy: Firm Support for Vieinamésa People; China- G.D.R. ‘Trealy Anniversary: With Southeast Astan Countrtes; Cultural News; Briefs CHINESE PRESS OPINION Frantic U.S. Moves in U.N.: Persecution of Irnmian Patriots: The Passing Show PEKING OPERA Chou Hein-fang’s 60 Years an the Stage: Short Notes WHAT'S ON IN PEKING PEKING REVIEW SUBJECT INDEX Published every Fuday by PEKING REVIEW Poi Wen Chueng, Peking (37, China Cable Addrass: Peking 6170 Post Office Registuntion No. 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of Ching December 29, 1961 16 19 24 ROUND THE WEEK Achievements in Industry AS 1961 comes to a close, Chinese workers look back with satisfaction on their achievements during the year. Many factories have fulfilled their agnual plans ahead of schedule. By December 20, the Anshan Iron and Steel Works, China's biggest steel complex, had delivered stee] products to more than 3,000 enterprises all over the country. These deliveries were in fulfilment of 11,060 contracts; they met all contractual specifications as regards quantity, quality and variety. Also by December 20, Shanghai, which spevcializes in small and medium-sized steel products, shipped out 99.6 per cent of the rolled steel planned for this year. In Peking, the big No. 2 Cotten Mill completed its annual plan 19 days ahead of schedule; it made 126 new products during the year; the quality of over 90 per cent of its yarn and cloth is top-notch. The engineering industry in nearby Tientsin, as early as the end of November, had fulfilled its targets for i7 types of farm machines including gas engines, pumps, sprayers and disc harrows. In Canton, south China, the Canton Paper Mill, largest in the country, besides raising output and quality and cutting down costs, completed its annuat plan on November 18. In Chungking up the Yangtse River in China's hinterland, 35 important factories have fulfilled this year’s plan ahead of schedule. In accordance with the current policy of “readjusting, consolidating, filling out and raising standards,” China’s industrial enterprises have earried forward the successes of the big leap forward to win new victories. They have improved management, increased output, raised quality, extended the range of their products and reduced the costs of production. But the workers are not resting on their laurels, They are aiming for still greater successes in the coming year. Industrial enterprises all over the country are checking their raw materials, tools and equipment and semi-finished products, doing everything ta improve the performance of their equipment, and drawing up plans to achieve still more déutput and better quality in 1962, N.P.C. fo Mae! The Second National People’s Congress will convene in Peking on March 5, 1962. The decision was taken at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress held on December 26, The coming meeting will be the third session of the Second National People’s Congress. The last session was held on March 39, 1960. Deputies to the congress will make the usual inspection tours im the cities and countryside before the convening of the nation’s supreme organ of state power. The third session of the Third Natlonal Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference will also be held in Peking on March 5, 1962. Worker-Enginaers More workers from the bench have been promoted fo the rank of engineer, Canton enterprises for one recently raised 78 workers to the rank of enginecr, while 265 made the grade as technicians. All of them are veterans with years of practical working experience and a proven ability for tackling complex technical problems; this served in lieu of school certificates and diplomas. A report from the Chishuyen Locomotive and Roiling Stock Works in Kiangsu, east China, shows that 60 per cent of that big plant's engineers are men who have risen from the ranks in this way. Of the 117 outstanding workers who have become technicians there since 1958, nearly 60 have now been advanced ito the rank of engineer. Most of these new technicians and engineers have more than 15 years of working experience behind them and all are recognized live-wires. Some have been put in charge of technical work in the workshops, others are working on research or design, Working closely with the colicgetruined engineers, they are proving to be a most valuable arm of the plant's technical [oree. In its No. 2 === [PDF page 4] === Celebrating Fulfillment of the Year's Production Pian Woedeut by Hsu Wel, machine shop, for instance, they have recently made improvements ta a evJinder bering machine and other machine tools for processing largé parts for locomotives, This has raised productivity as much as four times. Since 1958, these Chishuyen workerengineers have put forward more than 51 important innovation proposals and piven a big boost ta araduction. One of them, Wang Ping-kun, a former riveter, for instance, has designed an 18-spindle drilling machine which won much praise in a national industrial exhibition. Training technicians and engineers from among the workers is one of the ways in which China is swiftly building up her technical force. While a growing number of such technical eadres are being trained via the regular schools and colleges. industrial enterprises use spare-time schools and classes to raise the qualifications of workers on the job. At the same time they also send promising workers to the regular schools, colleges and institutes tu round aut their training. The Chishuyen Works, mentioned above. besides running spare-time classes to give ils woikers a general education or xpeciaHzed training related to their line of work, also sends its worker- Lin Cafa-fu aad Feo Chuan engineers to the Tangshan Railway instiiute and = five other institutions of higher education for short-term — training in regular college courses. This puts a solid foundation af theory under their practical knowledge. Overhauling Farm Machines With winter ploughing just about over, the nation is naw busy overhauling the farm machines and other equipment. More than 1.100 farm machine planis and workshops are already on the job. The quality of the work done in this ficld in the coming fow weeks will largely deter- Taine how the ploughing and irrigation work progresses next spring. It is only recently that this annual winter checking over of tractors, mechanical pumps and other farm machines has become a regular and important part of the farmers’ year in China. The country’s socialist farms started acquiring such machines in increasing numbers in the past few years. Since 1957 many provinces have doubled or trebled their tractor parks; 1961 saw another big increase in the number of tractors in some provinces. Wide-awake repair plants made early preparations to do a goed job of overhauls. Hopei, in the north. which has a large number of tractors, divided itself into three zones each with a sufficient workshop capacity to handle alt averhauls in its area. Its western neighbour, Shansi, has set up 19 large repair plants each prepared to serve several counties. In the Sinkiang Uighur Aulenomous Region there are five areas of extensive mechanized farming. Each now has a large new repair plant capable of undertaking major overhauls. The nation’s engineering enterprises are making a special efferi to back this drive for well-repaired farm machines. Many plants have put special emphasis on the production of spare parts for (raclors, internal combustion engines and other farm machines. By mid-November plants in Kisngsu Provinee have made 446 milion such parts, more than doubling their 19960 output. Shanghai this year allocated nearly 300 new machine tools and other equipment to its farm machine parts plants to help speed up production. These plants manufactured more than 20 million parts and aiso expanded their assortment of parts from 500 specifications to 800. Tha Magic Flute The Chinese flute. since the time of the Han Dynasty, has been one of the most important musical instruments in China. Made of bamboo, it gives the sure, clear, lyrical notes characteristic of Chinese music. In recent vears, along with the enrichment of the cultural life of the people, there has becn a vigerous development of Chinese national music which has brought the flute more popularity than ever. Throughout the country mere and more people are taking up flute playing as a hobby. The popularity this instrument enjoys was indicated in the special grand concert of flutists held recently in the north China port city of Tientsin. Ht was the first such concert ever held in the history of Chinese music with practically all the leading flutists there to demonstrate their technique and style. Feng Tzu-tsung, probably the best flutist in the country, an old master of the northern school, played the delightful First Meeting and the intricate Finck which demand great dexterity, Lu Chunlin played his own composition Yesterday and Today which was written from his own experience of the miseries af the old society and the joys of the new people’s era. King Tzu-li, an old southern master. gave an impressive rendition of the classic Snowstorm. Another sign of the flute's rising popularity is the increasing sales of the instrument. Bigger production has been reported by many flutemaking centres. The latest is from ‘Yuping, Kweichow Province, in southwest China. Three hundred thousand Yuping flutes, which enjoy fame both at heme and abroad for tone quality, have been produced in the past five years. Three times as many flutes were made in this county last year as in 1956. But output is still behind demand. Peking Review === [PDF page 5] === hia fh RENMIN RIBAG U.S. Persists in Hostility to the Chinese People Following is an abridged translation of a “Renmin Ribao™ editorial published on December 22. Subheads are ours, — Ed. NCE again setting its voling machine in motion, the United States on Decernber 15 coerced the UN. General Assembly into adopting the five-nation resolution sponsored by the U.S., Japan, Australia, Colombia and Htaly which continues to deprive China of its legitimate rights in the United Nations. On December 20, by the same means, the four-nation resolution sponsored by Malaya, Thailand, El Salvador and Ireland was adopted, slanderously accusing the Chinese Government of ‘“‘depriving the Tibetan people of their fundamental human rights and freedoms.” These outrages were committed by the United States in persistent hostility to the 650 million Chinese people, Why has the United States taken such desperate action to obstruct the restoration of China's legitimate rights in the United Nations and clung so obstinately to its policy of hostility to China? An answer to this can be found in the two hysterically vituperative speeches made against China by Adlai Stevenson, U.S. delegate at the United Nations. Unreconciled to Defeat in China Firstly, Stevenson has confessed that U.S. imperialism has acted this way because it can never reconcile itself to the victory of the Chinese people’s revolution and because it wil noi give up its aggressive ambition to enslave the Chinese people once again. Stevenson kept silent about the history of how New China came into being, but he nevertheless referred obliquely to this victory of the Chinese people’s revolution as “a tragedy of history.” Today, twelve years after the founding of New China, he still hysterically cried that the People’s Republic of China “does net in any meaningful way” represent the 650 million Chinese people, and openly stated that “the de jure authority” of the Chiang Kai-shek clique which has long since been overthrown by the Chinese people should be extended “throughout the territery of China.” This actually means an attempt under the protection of U.S. bayonets to reimpose the rule of the Chiang Kai-shek clique on the Chinese people, an attempt to restore the reactionary rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism in China. For the U.S. imperialists, the victory of the Chinese people’s revolutian is indeed a “tragedy of history” which December 20, 196! breaks their hearts. The Chinese people, in their revolutionary struggle, overthrew the rule of U.S. imperialism and its lackeys in China. Thoroughly upsetting the smug plans of U.S. imperialism to enslave all China and all of Asia and to turn the whole of China and Asia inte its colony, they thus smashed a wide breach in the imperialist front throughout the East. This is a fact which arouses the intense hatred of the U.S. imperialists. Time passes and twelve years have gone by, but whenever the U.S. imperialists think of tha: “tragedy of history” of 1949, they still gnash their tecth. Instead of recanciling themselves to their defeat in China, they are still full of vain yearnings to rewrite the history of that fime. Kennedy himself said recently: “I always have felt that we did not make a determined enough effort in the case of China.... IE would say that my view today is more in accordance with the facts than my view in 1949... While there were — there is still of course room for argument as to whether any United States actions would have changed the course of events there [China], I think a greater effort would have been wiser.” So Kennedy's “wisdom’’ consists after all simply in believing that the giving of thousands of millions of dollars and huge quantities of weapons to help the Chiang Kai-shek clique fight its civil war and slaughter the Chinese people was siiil not a “determined enough effort” on the part of the United States. Kennedy obviously believes that intervention and aggression, should have been carried out on an even bigger seale and even more frenziedly. The Kennedy Administration, like its predecessors, vainly hopes to turn back the wheel of history; it is crazier and even more adventuristic, For Permanent Occupation of Taiwan Secondly, Stevenson has confessed that U.S. imperialism has been desperately obstructing the restoration of China’s legitimate rights in the United Nations because it wants to occupy China’s territory of Taiwan permanently. Stevenson got ta the point where he contended that China’s territory of Taiwan, which the United States eecupies, is a “country.” He alleged that the territory under the “effective jurisdiction” of the Chiang Kai-shek clique is bigger than many U.N. member states and the population under its “effective control" is greater than that of many U.N. member states. He even raved that restoration of China’s rightful scat in the United Nations is equivalent to “acquiescing” in China’s “conquest™ of Taiwan and tantamount to a “stupefying request to sanction the use of force.”. === [PDF page 6] === But it is common Knowledge that Taiwan is part of China’s territory, a province of China. This is even recognized by the Chiang Kai-shek clique, which has long since been thrown out by the Chinese people and is hanging on in Taiwan under the protection of U.S. bayonets. Therefore, the nonsense uttered by Stevenson only strves to prove that the United States is trying to create “two Chinas,” turn Taiwan into a “small China” and sever it permanently fram China; and that the United States is vairly attempting by means of an illegal U.N. resolution to throw a cloak of legality over its armed occupation of China's territory of Taiwan so that it can use Taiwan as a base for conquering all of China at some future time. But such efforts are in vain. However the United Nations may vote and whatever resolutions it may adopt, the Chinese people’s determination to liberate Taiwan will never be shaken. Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory, it will eventually return to the embrace of its motherland. There is only one China in the world, that is, the People’s Republic of China. Any scheme to create “two Chinas’ will meet with the resolute opposition of the Chinese people. As to when and how the Chinese people are io liberate Taiwan, that is entirely China’s internal affair in which no country or international organization has any say nor any right to interfere. Fear of China’s International Influence Thirdly, Stevenson has confessed that U.S. imperialism has desperately obstructed restoration of China’s lawful rights in the United Nations and regards China as “wicked to the last degree’ because the Chinese people, holding high the great anfi-imperialist banner, have been an inspiration to the revolutionary struggles of all the oppressed nations and peoples of the world, and because the United States is terribly afraid of the international influence of New China, and especially the extension of this influence into the United Nations Organization. Stevenson declared that if China were allowed to “enter” the United Nations, she would “favour atomic testing,” make the United Nations “abandon the Congo,” advocate “the rule of the gun” and be a “demoralizing” influence in the United Nations. In short, nothing could be more terrible! But, as is generally known, the United States, which has accused China of “favouring atomic testing,” is the very country which has carried out the preatest number of nuclear tests in the world. It has stockpiled a huge amount of nuclear weapons and daily utters nuclear war threats. China, on her part, has always advocated the banning of all nuclear weapons und has resolutely opposed nuclear blackmail by U.S. imperialism. We hold that if the United States is unwilling to reach agreement on the banning of nuclear weapons, then all peace-loving countries are naturally entitled to conduct nuclear tests and manufacture nuclear weapons in order to safeguard their own security and put @ further check on U.S. imperialism’s threat to unleash a nuclear war. This is one of the effective methods of combating the imperialist policy of nuclear blackmail and defending world peace. What's wrong with such a stand? The Chinese people have always supported the Congolese people's national-liberation struggle and opposed aggression against that country by the new and old colonialism ag well as U.S. imperialism’s sinister plan to swallow up the Congo under cover of the U.N. flag. The assassination of Lumumba and the dissolution of Gizenga's legitimate government were all the oulcome of U.N. intervention. We firmly hold that the United Nations should give up its intervention in the Congo, the sooner the better, and that the Congolese people be allowed ta work out their own problems. This stand of ours is very unfavourable to the aggressive schemes of U.S. imperialism. No wonder then that Stevenson and his kind are so alarmed by China’s exposures. Who is it that has been advocating “the rule of the gun"? It is not China but the United States itself. Without the gun, U.S. imperialism and ail its lackeys cannot maintain their reactionary rule for a single day. The United States is sending one shipment after another of gums and men wielding guns into south Viet Nam to prop up the tottering Ngo Dinh Diem clique which is opposed by the broad masses of the Vietnamese people. Isn’t this a most obvious case in point? Stevenson's slanderous charge about China advocating “the rule of the gun” is in effect prompted by the fear that all the oppressed nations and peoples will follow the example of the Chinese people and take up the guns of revolution to fight against the counterrevolutionary "rule of the gun” of US. imperialism and its flunkeys, As for the contention thal China’s “entry” inte the United Nations would produce a “demoralizing influence,” this is quite true so far as the United States is concerned. This is because once China's legitimate rights in the United Nations are restored and the Chiang Kai-shek elements are kicked out of that organization, this will be a blow not only ta the United States persisting in its policy of hostility towards China but also to all the most reaction-~ ary, savage and rotten forces fostered by the United States in Asia and other paris of the world. Haw could U.S. imperialism, as the main prop of all the reactionary forces of the world, not feel greatly “demoralized” by this? Since its founding, the People’s Republic of China, fearless of any brutal violence or coercion, has firmly defended its sovereignty and territorial integrity; it has always stood in the forefront of the struggle for the defence of world peace and against imperialism; in particular, it has resolutely opposed the policies of aggression and war of the imperialist bloc headed by the United States, and exposed the features of imperialism and new and old colonialism before the people of the world. Moreaver, in the spirit of proletarian internationalism, it has done all it could to support the revolutionary struggles of all oppresscd nations and peoples. On the basis of the Five Principles China has established with many [friendly countries mode) relations of peaceful coexistence between countries with different sociai systems. The Chinese people have developed friendly relations with peoples of Peking Heview === [PDF page 7] === various countries in the world. China's international prestige is growing daily and its influence is steadily increasing, The policy of the United States seeking to isolate China has failed ignominiously. It is precisely these things that have embiltered and alarmed U.S. imperialism and at the samc time Made it conscious of iis own impotence. In trying to “indiet” China on various counts. Stevenson is vainly hoping to make China cease her opposition to imperialism and colonialism, withheld support to the revolutionary slrugeles of wil the oppressed nations and peoples, fall in line with the whole imperialist policies of aggression and war, and cringe for ever before imperialism. Only after China has done all this can it be considered “reformed,” und only after this can U.S. impetialism be expected to ‘bestow’ on if a seat in the United Nations! China Wen’t Bargain Over Principles But listen, Stevenson: It is the right of the 650 million Chinese people to recover China's legitimate seat in the United Nations and drive out the representatives of the Chiang Kai-shek clique. Nobody can change this fact. The Chinese people will never bargain over principles and beg favours or mercies from you and your kind. The cutrageous and truculent act of the United States in manipulating the United Nations into depriving the 650 million Chinese people of their legitimate rights is clear proof that the aggressive nature of imperialism will never change, that imperialism will continue to show Its unmitigated hostility to all the peoples who have shaken off imperialist oppression, who firmly defend the independence and freedom of their countries, resolutely oppose the imperialist policies of aggression and war and are determined to build a happy life for themselves according to their own wish, Imperialism will never forego its ambition to siage a comeback against these peoples. All those who love peace and freedom. therefore, should under no circumstances entertain the slightest illusions about imperialism, Why These Wails Over the “Tibet Question’? As to the “resolution” on the so-called “Tibet question” adapted by the U.N. General Assembly as a result of U.S. machinations, this is an even more unscrupulous intervention in China's internal affairs and a calumny against this country. What has really happened in China’s Tibet region? The reactionary clique of slave owners in Tibet launched a rebellion which was swiftly suppressed. The Tibeian people have overthrown a most barbarous. dark and backward serfdom; they have seen the light of day and won freedom and the right to live as human beings. A scene of prosperity in which everybody is happy, a scene never before known in Tibet’s history, has now emerged on the world-famous Tibetan Plateau. This is something worthy ta be rejoiced over by all those who are opposed to barbarism and ignorance and who favour social progress. But U.S. imperialism and its flunkeys have wailed and moaned over this as if they had lost their dearest ones. This can only prove that they are vainly hoping to get serfdom restored in Tibet and that they persist in December 29, 1961 Reasons Why the U.5.A, Opposes Restoration of UN. Seat ta China In Fact, There Is Only One Reason Cartoon fy Fany Cheng their hostility to the liberated Tibetan people and all the Chinese people. There can be no other explanation. It is by no means unexpected thal the United Nations General Assembly at its present session should adopt the U.S. resolution to continue depriving China of iis legitimate rights. So long as the United States is able to manipulate its voting machine in the United Nations. if will never stop using it to get “resolutions” of ane kind or another adopted against China. But the Chinese people can never be intimidated by “majorities” created by the U.S. voting machine. Nor will the course of history be changed by these “majorities.*’ These U.S. efforts cannot in the least cover up the failure of its policy of hostility towards China nor save this policy from more defeals. On the contrary, they can only make the people of the world see more clearly the imperialist features of the United Stales and the fact that U.S. imperialism is the most ferocious enemy of all the peoples cherishing peace and freedom. These efforts can in no way harm China but will do ever more serigus damage to the United Nations itself and make more and more people realize that the only way to uphold the principles and spirit of the United Nations Charter is to oppose resolutely the U.S. policy of econtral over the United Nations. History will prove that the U.S. scheme to deprive the 650 million Chinese people of their legitimate rights will meet with utter failure im the end. === [PDF page 8] === Foreign Ministry Statement China Strongly Protests Against Illegal U.N. Resolutions ® There is only one China in the world — the People’s Republic of China. Taiwen is an inalienable part of China’s territory. All the legitimate rights of China in the U.N. must be restored. ® Tibet is Chinese territory. All matters concerning Tibet are entirely China’s internal affairs. No foreign countries or international organizations have any right to meddle in them, Following is the text of a statemené issued on December 21, 1967, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Peaple's Republic of China concerning the adoption of Ulegal resolutions by the U.N. General Assembly on the so-called “question of China’s representation” and the sacalled “Tibet question.” — Ed. HE sixteenth session of the U.N. General Assembly recently discussed the question of restoring the legitimate rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations, In defiance of the opposition of many countries and just world public opinion, the Government of the United States of America has coerced the U.N. General Assembly into unjustifiably rejecting the Soviet proposal to drive out the representatives of the Chiang Kai-shek clique from all the U.N. organs and restore all the rights af the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations, and into adopting the preposterous five-nation proposal of the United States and its followers, designating the purely procedural question af restoring ihe legitimate rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations a so-called “important question” whose decision requires a two-thirds majority vote in the General Assembly. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China solernnly declares that this resolution, which tramples upon the U.N. Charter and infringes on China's sovereignty, is completely illegal and null and void. HH sternly condemns and strongly protests against this action taken by the United Nations under the coercion of the United States. China is a member of the United Nations and, moreover, one of its founding members and a permanent member of the Security Council. In 1949 the Chinese people overthrew the reactionary rule of the Chiang Kai-shek clique and founded the People’s Republic cof China. Sinee then all the rights of China in the United Nations should by right have been enjoyed by the Government of the People’s Republic of China, which is the sule legal government of the Chinese people. According to the basic, accepted principles of inlernational law and many precedents in the United Nations since its establishment, this simple, procedural question should have been settled long ago. But, in order to perpetuate its occupation of Taiwan, China's territory, the United States has over the past eleven years persistently kept in the United Nations the Chiang Kai-shek clique which kas long been repudiated by the Chinese people, and deprived the People’s Re public ef China of its iegilirnate rights in the United Nalions, This outrageous practice has made the United States increasingly unpopular and steadily reduced the majority it can control in the United Nations. In these disadvantagecus circumstances, the Uniled States, at the current session of the U.N. General Assembly, could not but abandon the tactics af “postponing consideration’ which it had hitherto used, and adopted the method of distorting the U.N. Charter, describing the question of restoring China's legitimate rights in the United Nations as an important question under Article 18 paragraph 2 ef the U.N. Charter, whose decision requires a two-thirds majority vote in the General Assembly. The intention of the United States was none other than that of continuing to exclude the People’s Republic of China from the United Nations by means of a one-third minority when if is not sure that it can control a majority. To realize this scheme, the Uniled States employed all sorts of despicable means, trying continuously to threaten or inveigle many countries. The U.S. delegate even resorted to the most virulent attacks and slanders against the People’s Republic of China, in an altempt to befog world public opinion and get the support of certain countries by trickery. But no matter how big the lies, they cannot cover up the real aim of the United States. And even the US, delegate confessed outright in his statement that the purpose of the United States in opposing the restoration of China's legitimate rights in the United Nations is not only lo occupy China's territory of Taiwan permanently, but to go a step further: to dominate the whale of China by staging a comeback of the reactionary rule of the Chiang Kai-shek clique on the Chinese mainland. Although this wild aggressive ambition of U.S. imperialism will never succeed in the face of the powerful Chinese people, the serious danger it poses cannol but arouse the vigilance of all peace-loving countries and peoples. The proposal tabled by the Government of the Soviet Union at the current General Assembly ta drive out the representatives of the Chiang Kai-shek clique from all U.N, organs and restore all ihe rights of the People’s Republie of China in the United Nations completely accords with the provisions of the U.N. Charter and the interest of strengthening world peace and international co-operation. This proposal won wide support among the socialist countries and many other countries which are friendly to China. They insisted that the Government of the Peapie's Republic of China is the sole legal government rep- Peking Review === [PDF page 9] === resenting the Chinese people and resolutely opposed the United States continuing ta deprive China of its legitimate rights in the United Nations, The Chinese Government expresses thanks for their just stand and positive efforts. Under U.S. pressure or because of their insufficient knowlecige of the U.S. scheme, some countries vated for the five-nation proposal. We express regret at this, but we undersiand the situation of these countries and hope that they will be able te swiich to a stand of firmly upholding justice, It is only a very small number of countries that really willingly canvassed for and served the U.S. scheme, among whom the delegate of the Japanese Government acted in the most shameless way. However, we are clearly aware that. it is diametrically against the will of the peaple in those countries that their ruling circles follow the United States in being hostile ta China. The Chinese Government once again solemnly declares: There is only one China in the world, that is, the People’s Republic of China. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. Ali the legitimate rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations must be restored to it; the elements of the Chiang Kai-shek clique who are illegally usurping China's seat must be driven out of all the organs of the United Nations. The Chinese people will never agree to the scheme of creating “two Chinas” and detaching Taiwan from China by any means. The fact that the United States continues to coerce the United Nutions into depriving China of its legitimate rights in the United Nations cannot in the least damage China's international standing, it will only discredit the Uniied Nations more and more and increasingly isolate the United States which faces the opposition of all the countries and peoples in the world who love peace and uphold justice. Under the manipulation of the United States, the present U.N. General Assembly has not only continued to deprive China of its legitimate rights in the United Nations, but also illegally discussed ihe so-called “Tibet question” and once again adepted a resolution which slanders the People’s Republic of China, It is known to all that Tibet is Chinese territory, and all matiers concerning Tibet are entirely China’s internal affairs in which no foreign countries or international organizations, the United Nations included, have any right to meddle, The discussion of the so-called “Tibet question” and the adaption of any resolutions on it by the United Nations violate the fundamental principle laid down in the U.N. Charter that the United Nations shall not intervene in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state, and hence they are illegal and nuil and void. The Chinese Government and people express their extreme indignation and strong protest against the U.S. Government’s provocative action of once again coercing the United Nations into crudely interfering in China's internal affairs, inciting an anti-Chinese campaign and poisoning the international atmosphere. It should be pointed out, at the same time, that some countries which have established diplomatic relations with China have again followed the United States by taking an extremely unfriendly attitude towards the Chinese people. At this, the Chinese Government and people cannot but express their deep regret. The Chinese Government will continue to pursue its consistent foreign policy of peace and make due contributions in defending world peace and promoting the progress of mankind. The Chinese people are fully confident that they will build their country into an even better Jand. No force on earth can prevent the People’s Republic of China from playing its role of a strong and peace-loving country in the international arena. The U.S. imperialist policy of hostility to China will result in nothing except more and more disastrous defeats. Trampling on the U.N. Charter by CHOU KENG -SHENG Nothing could be more cynical and disgraceful than the U.S, Government’s machinations to deprive China of its lawful rights in the United Nations. Having done so for {1 consecutive years by means of a “moratorium” on discussions of this issue in the U.N., Washington has now, wren it can no longer be sure of mustering a simple majority, manoeuvred the U.N. General Assembly into adopting a resolution muking the issue a question requiring a two-thirds majority for decision. By this means, the United States hopes with just over a third of the votes cast to be able to continue to block the restoration of China’s rights in the U.N. The legal excuse advanced by the United States was that this was an “important question” subject to the terms of Paragraph 2, Article 18 of the U.N, Charter. In fact, as many delegates have poinfed out, the question of the restoration of China’s lawful rights in the U.N. is purely a procedural matter, heving nothing ta da with Paragraph 2, Article 18 of the U.N. Charter. Below we print the relevant sections December 29, 1961 ef an article on this question by Chou Kengsheng, noted Chinese jurist and authority on international faw, which appeared in “Renmin Ribao”" on December 5, T goes without saying that the restoration of China’s lawful representation in the United Nations is a matter of world significance. This nobody can deny. But this question by no means falls into the category of “important questions’ mentioned in Paragraph 2 of Article 18 of the U.N. Charter. Paragraph 2 states that “Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of iniernational peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with === [PDF page 10] === Paragraph I (C) of Article 86, the admission of new members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges uf membership, the expulsion of members, questions relating to the operations of the trustéeship system, and budgetary questions.” A Procedural Question ft will be noted that questions eoncerning the basic functions of the U.N. General Assembly with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, and the composition of its principal organs, elc., mentioned under Paragraph 2 of Article 18 are questions of substance. Thus, if a two-thirds majorily decision is to be applied to a certain question under this paragraph, that question should also be a substantive one. Questions mentioned under Paragraph 2 are all important questions. But this does not mean that the provisions of this article should be applied to any question that is considered important. The nature of the question should first of all be considered. The question of the restoration of China’s legitimate rights in the United Nations is essentially a procedural question. How can provisions for the settlement ‘of substantive questions be applied to procedural ones? Is it not a fact that for many years the U.N. General Assembly decided by a majority vole to postpone discussion on the question of China’s representation? To postpone discussion itself means not to restore, or at least not to vestare for the time being, China's legitimate rights in lhe United Nations. This, too, is an extremely important question. Since this could be considered a procedural question and decided by a majority vote, the question of the restoration of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China new being discussed is likewise a procedural question. Why then should the latter question be singled out as an important question requiring a two-thirds majority decision? This is selfcontradictory and untenable from the standpoint of law. Paragraph 3 of Articie 18 of the U.N, Charter provides that “Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shali be made by a majority of the members present and voting.” To put it briefly, apart from the important questions listed in Paragraph 2, the U.N. General Assembly may also determine additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority. Here only categories of questions, not individual specific questions. are referred to, If it is felt that a specific question should be decided by a twothirds majority, the General Assembly should first approve a general provision for an additional category and then discuss the given specific question as one failing into this category. Western authorities on international law also hold this view. For instance. it is affirmed in Oppenheim’s International Law that “unless a question, however important, is comprised within the above enumeration or uoless it has been expressly included within a category requiring a two-thirds majority. it can be made the subject of a recommendation by 4 simple majority.“ This should be considered a correct interpretation. Otherwise, there will be no limits set. In any case where they consider it advanlageous or convenient for themselves, the imperial-~ isis will be in a position to list arbitrarily any question, regardless of its nature, on the pretext of its being an “important question” under Paragraph 2 of Article 18 as one requiring a two-thirds majority vote so that they can oppose or obstruct the solution of such a question. This would lead to repeated misuse of the provisions of Articie 18 of the U.N. Chartier and to cunfusian. A Specific Question The restoration of the People’s Republic of China’s seat in the United Nations is simply a specific question which, In accordance with a correct interpretation of Paragraph 3 of Article 18, cannot be classified as one requiring a two-thirds majority decision under Paragraph 2, Therefore, it can be asserted that the resolution tabled by Japan, Australia. Colombia, Italy and the United States to have the question discussed as an “important question” is obviously designed to misinterpret the scope of application of Paragraphs 2 and 3. The resolution alsa dees not conform to the general practice of the United Nations concerning rules of procedure. Under the U.N, Charter, provisions relating to procedural maiters are made in the Rules of Procedure (the General Assembly's Rules of Procedure under Article 21 and the Security Council’s Rules of Procedure under Article 30}. According to these rules, procedural questions including the examination of credentials of representatives shall be decided by a simple majority vote, that is io say, they do not require a two-thirds majority decision by the General Assembly and the veto shall not apply to them in the Security Council. Decisions on these rules of procedure themselves are made by a simple majority in the General Assembly and the Security Council respectively. Veto Does Not Apply The restoration of China’s rightful seat in the United Nations is, as remarked above, a procedural question. As far as the Security Couneil is concerned. this question is one of nullifying the credentials of the representative of the Chiang Kai-shek clique and driving him out of the council, It is beyond any shadow of doubt that the veto cannot be applied here. The U.N. Secretariat has already given an explanation on this point. In 1954. the then U.N, Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold made a public announcement on the question of China's representation recalling that his predecessor, Trygve Lie, had issued a statement to the effect that the veto could not be used in regard to a decision as to what regime should represent a state on the Security Council and that this was the view of the Legal Department of the U.N. Secretariat, Western experts on internitional law have also painted out that if the examination of credentials of represeniatives is regarded as a non-procedura! matter and at the same time thet the veto can be applied in the Security Council on the question of the right of representation, then, after the government of a country has undergone a revolutionary change, the person still acling as representative of the overthrown government of a state having a permanent member seal in the Security Council would be able to exclude the representative of the new government by veto while himself for ever illegally occupying his seat in ihe Security Council. Should this be allowed, wouldn'’t it lead to preposterous resuits and paralyse the organs of the United Nations? Thus it is clear and undeniable that as a procedural question. no veto should be applied in the Security Council Peking Review === [PDF page 11] === to the question of China's rightful seat in the United Nations. Now, if a procedural question can be decided by a simple majority in the Security Council, why then should this selfsame question require a two-thirds majority decision in the General Assembiy? What kind of logic is this? By trying to have the question discussed and decided as one of those important questions listed under Article 18, the United States and its followers are deliberately seeking!o complicate the issue, in other words, to keep it unsettled. National-Liberation Movement Moreover, if this question shauld be discussed as a substantive one, il would necessarily involve the question as to whether or not the Government of the People’s Republic of China rep.e-onts China. Such a discussion or resolution would constitute a viclatian of the U.N. Charter and flagrant interference in China’s internal affairs. The 650 million Chinese people will never tolerate this. The question as to who represents China is a mailer for the Chinese people themselves to decide and the 650 million Chinese people have already made their decision. The United Nations has no right whatsoever to meddle in it. Support for Indonesia’s Just Struggle by CHENG LL-TA N December 19, Sukarno, President of Indonesia and Supreme Commander of its Armed Forces, announced at a Jogjakarta rally that he had ordered the Indonesian Navy, Army and Air Force to stand ready to recover West trian. He called on the whole nation to prepare itself for a general mobilization. That order fully expressed the Indonesian people’s determination to fight Dutch colonialism and safeguard the independence and unity of their motherland, On the next day, China’s Vice-Premier and Foreign Minister Chen Yi informed the Indonesian Ambassador to China Sukarni that the Chinese Government and people firmly support the Republic of Indonesia’s struggle for the liberation of West Irian, Renmin Ribao, in its editorial of December 21, declared that with the Dutch colonialists occupying Indonesia’s territory of West Irian and the U.S, imperialists occupying China’s territory of Taiwan, the two peoples face a like situation. Therefore, their fight against imperialist aggression, their fight to safeguard their sovereignty and territorial integrity and to defend world peace has become a common struggle of the peoples of the two countries, a struggle In which they and their governments have backed and will always back each other up. The Chinese pecple, added the editorial, have always considered that it is their sacred internationalist duty to support the people of all lands in their struggle against imperialism and colonialism. U.S.-Dutch Imperialist Collusion West Irian is an inalienable part of Indonesian territory. The agreement on the transfer of sovereigniy signed by the Netherlands and Indonesia in 1949 provides that the Kingdom of the Netherlands unconditionally and irrevocably hand over the entire sovereignty of Indonesia to the independent state of the Republic of Indonesia. Right down to the present, however, the Dutch culonialists, breaking their word, have continued to occupy West trian, using it as a base for threatening Indonesia. From 1954 onwards, the Indonesian Government has been patienlly asking the Dutch Government to settle the West Irian question through negotiations. Since 1955, the Asian-African countries have several times proposed at December 29, 1961 the U.N. General Assembly that the Netherlands and Indonesia hold talks un the question. All requests and proposals, however, have been turned down by the Dutch Government The Dutch colonialists have persisted in their unreasonable stand with the active support of the U.S. imperialists. The latter themselves covet this strategic centre in the Pacific. They hope to take it over from the Dutch colonialists for themselves as a springboard for aggression in Southeast Asia. West Irian, furthermore, has rich mineral deposits, including gold, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, coal, petroleum and uranium. The Wall Street tycoons regard these as important materials for making war and a source of super-profits. U.S. capital has long since infiltrated into various Dutch enterprises there. Wall Street monopoly capital holds 60 per cent of the shares in the ‘‘Netherlands-New Guinea Sketch map by Su td === [PDF page 12] === Oil Company”; this cantroels practically ail the West frian's oil resources, The Dutch parliament not long ago passed a bill granting a joint U.S.-Dutch company an exclusive 73 vears concession to exploit various mineral resources in West Irian. The Kennedy Administration, ever since ifs inauguralion, has been pressing forward vigorously with the policies of neo-colonialism. It has instigated ihe Dutch colonialists to try new tricks on the West Irian question. It caleulates that if it can get West Irian placed under the trusteeship of U.S-manipulated United Nations, this wilh make it easier for it ta continue the exploitation and enslavement of the West Irian people and to edge out the Dutch colonialists and take their place there. It was as a result of U.S. scheming that the Nether- Jands put up the absurd proposal for so-valled “'selfdetermination" for the West Irian people. On November 22, the U.S. delegate, speaking in the U.N. General Assembly, openly called on that body not to recognize the demand of Indonesia and proposed that the United Nations govern West Irian. U.S, imperialism thus finally slepped out from the wings into the centre of the stage. West Irian Has Made lis Choice As a matter of fact, the Indonesians living in West Trian, together with their compulriois on the other Indonesian islands, exercised their right of self-determinalion as early as August 1945. Since that date, they and all other Indonesians have been waging a ceaseless and heroic struggie to end the armed occupation of their territory by the Dutch colonialists. Guerrifla units are active there on a widespread seale. So it is clear that what is at issue now is no question of “self-determination” but the question of throwing owt the Dutch invaders and returning West Irian to the embrace of the motherland. What the Dutch colonialists are plotting now under the mask of “decolonization” is to separate West Irian from the rest of Indonesia and continue their occupation of the area under another signboard. But their trick of “granting” the people of West Irian the right of “self-determination” will fool no one. Last April, they formed a new puppet organization, the so-called “New Guinea Council.” Only two of its 28 members were elected by direct vole; the rest were either elected by appointed "voters’ or simply nominated by the Dutch governor; the chairman of the council was, of — course, a Duichman. There is hardly a pretence even that this controlled “council” is an independent parliament; it is a consultative body without real power; the Dutch Government is free lo ignore its recommendations at will. Another puppet of the Dutch colonialists is the so-called “People’s Democratic Party.” Here tov the Butch Government pulls the strings. Its “party programme” even goes to fhe length of calling for “maintaining and consolidating the Dutch regime in New Guinea.” On October 19, the Dutch colonialisis rigged up another so-called “National Council” in West Irian now under their occupation. This met to decide the change of the name West Irian into West Papua, complete with a “national anthem,” a ‘national flag” and a “national emblem.” 12 The Dutch cojonialists, however, have failed to mask their faces either by these tricks or the other camouflage so kindly provided by ther U.S. mentors. At the U.N. General Assernbly, the Indunesian Foreign Minister Subandrio has already rejected the “proposals” of the Dutch calonialisis and time and again exposed them for what they are. The Co-operutive Parliament of Indonesia recently adopted a resolution concerning the liberation of West Irian, firmly oppasing any scheme aimed at internationalizing it. The 700,000 people of West Irian demand liberation: the 90 million Indonesian people cannot allow their motherland to remain long divided. “The Indonesian nation,” says President Sukarno, “is not a nation begging for independence, it will wage a life-and-death struggle for its independence.” In response to the call of President Sukarno, the Indonesian people of all classes of society are going into action, preparing for the recovery of West Irian. Indonesia Will Triumph The U.S.-Dutch imperialists are attempting on the one hand to maintain their colonial rule over West Irian by force while playing the game of “negotiations.” The Dutch press reports that the Dutch colonialists have increased their military strength in West Ivian by 50 per cent. Dutch troops recently held provocative military exercises om the northern part of West [Frian. Even while the U.N, General Assembly was discussing the West Irian question, ihe United States, under the pretext of locking for the son of the ci] magnate Rockefeller, sent their warships to West Irian; Australia, using the same pretext, also sent planes to West Irian. Meanwhile, U.S. official quarters and their propaganda machine spare no efforts to bring pressure to bear upon Indonesia, trumpeting that “a military campaign is not the way to seltle this issue,” that “it would be foolish of Indonesia to try.” ete. etc. The New York Times even resorts to intimidation; it writes: “A war over West New Guinea [West Irian] would be a much more serious affair even than India’s thrust into Goa. Mililary operations would be of much larger scope; and the possibility that other nations besides the Netherlands and Indonesia, notably Australia, might become invalved in the fighting would be far greater.” In this situation, as the Indonesian press has pointed out, the proposal of the Dutch colonialisis to held talks is pure deception designed to weaken the militant spirit of the Indonesian people. All this hullabaloo raised by U.S. imperialism concerning West Irian only goes to show once again that U.S. neo-colonialism is the most vicious enemy of the people of all lands. the main prop of al! the forces of reaction. The experience gained in the national independence movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America has demonstrated that to achieve national liberation, to win and safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. it is, first of all, essential to rely on the political consciousness and unity of the people and to wage an unremitting struggle. The Indonesian Government and people have shown their determination {o liberate their territory, and this determination will be transformed into an irresistible force. With the backing of the people in Asia and all over the world, the just struggle of the Indonesian people will certainly be victorious. West Irian will certainly return to the embrace of Indonesia. Peking Review === [PDF page 13] === At the World Peace Council The Peace Movement And National Liberation TU Ning-I, Vice-Chairman uf the China Peace Committee, delivered a speech at the Stockholm session of the Werld Peace Council on December 18, 1961, in which he dealt with important world problems concerning the defence of peace. ‘We need peace and we must struggle for the defence of world peace,” he declared. “It is our deep conviction that so long as the socialist camp, the international working class, the national-liberation movement and th forces defending world peace are united and carry on a steadfast struggle, lasting world peace can certainly be achieved.” He said: “We always hold that the problem of universal disarmament is of great significance for the defence of peace. Therefore, the Chinese Government supports the proposals for universal disarmament.” He emphasized: “We always support the world peace movement, and we always hold that we must broaden and strengthen if. In order to mobilize the masses effectively, our peace movement should set forth different tasks and demands in accordance with the conditions in different_countries. different regions and the different degrees of awakening of the people.” The Question of Disarmament He pointed out that there are some who hold that general and complete disarmament is the only road to peace, that it is the basic tusk of the movement far the defence of world peace at the present time, and that it is the key to the solution of all the pressing problems of our time. They hold that the national independence movement should be subordinated to the movement for general and complete disarmament, and that if general and complete disarmament is achieved, all the important problems of ihe world will be solved. He said he could net agree with this erroneous and most harmful view. Liu Ning-I said: ‘We all know that, in this epoch of ours, mankind is confronted with the militant task of striving far peace, democracy, national liberation and sncla] progress. “Many countrics of Asia, Africa and Latin America, which account for more than one haif of the world’s population, are suffering from enslavement and oppression by the old and new colonialism headed by U.S. imperialism. U.S. imperialism is not only helping the British, French and other old colonialists to slaughter the people of the oppressed nations, but is intensifying its aggression against and exploitation of the peoples in the vast areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America by the use of various December 29, 1961 means of neo-colonialism such as subversive activities, armed intervention, military treaties, and political, economic and cultural penetration, and sa on, Hence, opposition to old and new colonialism, and the struggite for national liberaiion and complete independence have become the most urgent task confronting the people of these countries, We can see that the flames of the nationalliberation movement to oppose imperialism and colonialism are burning everywhere from south Korea to the Middle East, from Algeria to South Africa and from Cuba to Argentina. This is a law of historical development that cannot be changed by the will of anyone, whether he likes it or not. The national-liberation movement is entirely just. It should enjoy the warm sympathy and active support of all men of good conscience.” As far as the oppressed nations are concerned, he pointed ocuf, whether it is Laos, Algeria, Angola or Kamerun, the most important issue for them now is definitely not the disarming of whatever small armed forces they have, but the building and strengthening of their own armed forces to defend themselves against imperjialism and colonialism. Whether in Cuba or in other newly independent countries, what they need today is definitely not the reduction of the armed forces which they have just built up, but the strengthening of their armed forces for the defence of the independence of their counfries. All oppressed nations are suffering untold miseries. They are burning with the desire to free themselves as soon as possible. Experience has shown that they can berate themselves and achieve peace only through their own struggles, and not through the sole struggle fur disarmament, U.S. Atomic Blackmail “U.S. imperialism.” said Liu Ning-I, “has consistently attempted to scare the oppressed peoples and nations with the use of nuclear weapons so as to prevent them from carrying out revolutions. Therefore, the people of all countries, while resolutely opposing nuclear war, must sharpen their vigilance and not fall victim to U.S. atomic blackmail. One of the important experiences gained by many oppressed nations in achieving their liberation since the war, is that they have dared to be contemptuous of the policy of atomic blackmail of U.S. imperialism and dared to carry out revolutions.” The national-liberation movement is playing the role of shaking the very foundations of the imperialist and colonialist systern, Liu Ning-I said. The more the strength of the national-liberation movement is enhanced, the greater the possibilify of weakening the imperialist forces of war and tying their hands, preventing them from 13 === [PDF page 14] === Pen Probes PERSONA NON GRATA‘’ N this jet age, official visits between imperialist VIPs are a dime a dozen. But when the U.S. President or Vice- President goes a-travelling, the world is usually treated to something special. President Kennedy's recent tour in Venezuela and Colombia fully lived up to the tradition of these “goodwill” visits. On his arrival, Caracas was put on a siege basis. Helicopters whirled vigilantly overhead. His bullet-proof limousine, part of his luggage, trailed by lorry-leads of machine-gun toting special agents, drove within a double line of guards spaced every six feet and facing outwards with fixed bayonets. His hosts, the shaky, jittery Betancourt government, had called out 35,000 trocps and police to protect their protector. U.S. warships, marines readied for action, cruised off shore. In Colombia it was pretty much the same story. Bogota airport was put off bounds to normal traffic and ringed with troops. Helicopters, guards, mounted police swarmed along the triumphal route. In both countries hordes of U.S. agents had come in from Washington te help with the welcoming arrangements. There were raids on people’s organizalions and mass arrests of patriots and progressives. All this, however, didn’t prevent either the Venezuelans or Colombians from “welcoming” Kennedy in their own way. Thousands of leaflets circulated in Bogota denouncing him for his imperialist policies in Latin America. In Caracas, brickbats were thrown at the Kennedy moterecade. Caracas University Students’ Federalion representing 22,000 students declared Kennedy “persona non grata.” Patriots seized the radio station and broadeast: “The people of Caracas do not welcome “Latin for “Take him away!" ~~ se eo ee "The President returned hy ait" Kennedy. He is the man who planned the Cuban invasion. He is plotting another venture with Betancourt.” In Puerto Rico. where Kennedy stopped awhile en reute, students took to the streels shouling “Castro Yes. Kennedy Noi and “We want freedom!” After Nixon’s and Eisenhower’s ill-fated South American tours why did Kennedy take this risk when, as the Wall Street Journal wrote, “even backers of the trip rate { a gamble’? The answer is simple: Washington’s scheme for joint intervention against Cuba is on the rocks. Despite diplematic pressure, arm-twisting, economic baits under the “Alilance for Progress” scheme and outright political and military coups like those in Brazil and Ecuador, the lineup for the next anti-Cuban venture is not going smoothly. As The New York Times admitted ruefully, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile and a number of other countries “in a manner that is shocking to the United States... still regard Cuba as a member in effective standing in the inter- American system. Such an attitude effectively prevents any action that could be construed as being hostile to Cuba." “The Colombian proposal [for action against Cubs],” it adds, “is strongly resisted by the big Latin American powers.” Kennedy went to Caracas and Bogota to press his plans there for joint action against Cuba. He used the earrct as well as the stick. He signed a $106 million loan agreement with Betancourt. He visited projects recently launching war, and the better safeguarded will be world peace. Therefore, the peace movement must join hands with the national-lberation movement and support it. The growth of the national-liberation movement is also @ great help to the struggle of the people of the capilalist countries for democracy and social progress. In recent years, friends engaged in the national-liberation movements of Asia, Africa and Latin America have realized from their own experience that the nationaliberation movement has become a momentous force indispensable to the defence of world peace. Nearly everyone recognizes if as commen sense. U.S. Imperialism — The Most Ferocious Enemy Of Peace He emphatically pointed out that when it comes to the question of defending peace, discussion should not be confined io the question of disarmament alone, still less to discussion of this question in vague and general terms. One of the primary and major tasks of the peace movement is to tell the people truthfully who is the most ferocious enemy of peace. Liu Ning-I said: “We must consistently and continuously tell the people that U.S. imperialism is the most ferocious enemy of peace. For only when the people see clearly who is the enemy of peace, will they be able to maintain their vigilance and wage an indomitable struggle against it.” Liu Ning-I pointed out that West German militarism is now threatening world peace, but it is U.S. imperialism which bas supported and fostered West Germany. He suid: U.S. imperialism has not only obslinately obstructed disarmament talks, but has intensified its arms expansion and war preparations. Therefore, to achieve disarmament is net an easy matter. To do so, it is necessary to mobilize the people to wage active and resolute struggies against U.S. imperialism. In conclusion, Liu Ning-I expressed his agreement with Guinean delegate Diallo’s proposal that the peace congress to be convened next year should be a congress on peace, independence and disarmament. Peking Review === [PDF page 15] === started with U.S. funds in Bogota. When one remembers that Venezuela and Colombia have just broken off diplomatic relations with Cuba, it is clear what this burst af ULS. “philanthropy” means. But, as they showed, the Venezuelan and Colombian people are not so easily taken in as their governments by these U.S. baits. They want no part in this ugly deal against their Cuban brothers. As to the bandouts, the Yankee imperialists were merely passing back some crumbs from the loat they have already carried off. Last year Colombia Jost $360 million alone as a result of artificial cuts in coffee prices in the U.S.A. Venezuela suffered no belfer with her oil resources held in the grip of the U.S. monopolists. One U.S. company alone (Creole Petroleum Corp.) extracts $300 million in profits from Venesuelan oi} every year. There, in simple figures, you have the explanation for the “special welcome” Latin Americans accorded Kennedy. VERY GOOD? 6 HE 5.5. Seeurity Police and Sicherhelisdienst will commence their activitics simultaneously with the military invasion in order to seize and combat effectively the many important organizations and societies in England....° Such was the decision taken by “Reich- Marshal Minister-President” Goering in August 1940 and handed down by the Central Office of the Third Reich's Securily Forces in Berlin when Hitler's “Operation Sea Lion" —the plan for the invasion of Britain — was being finalized. The 5.5. men in other words were sharpening their axes for use on the inhabitants of London and Liverpool, Edinburgh and Cardiff. It did net happen, of course, although it might have, Sixteen years after the “great democracies triumphed and so were able to resume the follies which had so nearly cost them their life” as Winston Churchill puts it, Herr Adenauer has succeeded where Kaiser and the Fuehrer had failed, In Augyst this year, West Germany's 84th Panzer Battalion landed in Wales and billeted in the barracks of a British regiment which was moved out to make way for the Panzer troops. The British territorials dossed down in tents. The British people voiced their anger and disgust. Protest rallies and demonstrations teck place. “Pll serve Report from Shanghai no beer to Germans,” said a hotel awner in Pembroke near which the German battalion had sei up headquarters. Washington and the British reactionaries who toe the U.S. war line did all they could to soften this natural resentment and put a good face on things. The US. Newsweek reported last September how popular the West German soldiers had become among the local people, how people wrote to them admiring fan letters and how one housewife marvelled at the “lovely uniform” of the Bundeswehr. Newsweek also blurted out part of the secret of the “success” of this German invasion. It appears that when the Germans were asked how they liked English beer, they automatically said “very good!” with a grin strictly accarding to the instructions that they had been given. “Very good" loo was what they had been told to say about the British weatker (even when it was raining}, British girls and Britain’s army staple: bully beef and potatoes, All very good and quite unlike the Fuehrer’s 5.5. men. But now it turns out that besides “very good?’ the Bonn Defence Ministry's German-English Conversation Book issued to members of the Panzer troops in Britain also has the following useful sentences in English for them {o learn and speak when the time comes, These include: “You have orders to write dawn on this paper the designation of the troops stationed here.” “Tell the truth, or you'll be shot!” “You lie, 1 can easily see that this village is quite well off!" “Very good?” But why be surprised: when one louks into the miliiary career of the 12 leading officers of the 84th Panzer Battalion, one can clearly see that this conversation book entirely becomes these West German soldiers. AW of them, including battalion commander Lieutenani-Coloncl von Kleist, were veterans cf Hifler’s Wehrmacht, Major Fischer, Kleist's second in command, was even awarded an Iron Cross in the last war! The man who played an important part in sending these West German trocps to Britain is, of course, General Adoif Heusinger, Chairman of the Permanent Military Committee of NATOin Washington and Hitler’s former Chief ‘of Operations who did the actual planning of ‘Operation Sea Lion.” who planned the invasion of the USS.R., France, Yugosiavia, Greece, Belgium, Holland and even Switzerland and other countries. It is this sume Heusinger who is now wanted for trial for major war crimes: for the shooting of prisoners of war, hostages and thousands of inneacent civilians in the last war. Technical Innovations Drive Goes Deeper by HO CHEN - PEL HE last two years have seen the movement for technical innovations and technical revolution sweeping across China, Industrial workers and staff displayed imaginative drive and ingenuity in introducing new products, new technological processes and iechniques and in mechanizing and automating production. In factory after factory December 29, 1961 and industry after industry, they climinated heavy backbreaking labour, reducing the amount of manual work, and raising productivity. ‘Phis year, in line with the current policy succinctly deseribed as “readjusting, consolidating, filling out and === [PDF page 16] === raising standards,” the movement is going deeper and advancing on a solid foundation. The gains of the past are being consolidated. Many innovations have been perfected and popularized with highly satisfactory results, New innovations have been introduced with a view particularly io widening the range of products and improving their quality —a task currently receiving much emphasis. By strengthening the weaker links in production, innovations are also helping to readjust relations in a positive way between the various branches of industry and between industry and other branches of the economy. What has been done in Shanghai throws light on the dynamics of this many-sided process which is of key imporlance for the whole future advance of China’s industry and national economy. Innovations Bear Fruit One of the outstanding Innovations introduced in Shanghai last year was in the textile industry. Various mechanical devices were contrived to remove full bobbins from different types of spinning frames, These have been perfected and rapidly popularized. The textile workers are understandably enthusiastic about them, Ever since the establishment of the modern textile industry in China some 80 years ago, bobbins have been replaced by hand. This meant that a “doffer,” the worker who dues this job, had to replace on an average from 6,000 to 7,000 bobbins a shift, a wearisome job. it is little wonder then that the mechanization of this operation was one of the first things to attract attention when the innovations movement pot into its stride. As with most new inventions, the first devices designed were imperfect. They got the work done with greater efficiency but the number of broken ends increased. Shop foremen, technicians, maintenance workers and the doffers themselves put their heads together again and finally came up with some thoroughly reliable and efficient doffing devices. These not only end this tedious hand labour but raise efficiency by from 25 to 50 per cent. Today these devices are applied to more than a third of the spindles in the city’s cotton mills. Another outstanding innovation is the automatic electro-plating machine devised in 1959 by the workers and technical staff of the Shanghai Bicycle Works. This automatizes and does all 20 operations involved in electroplating. Ten people—a single worker operating the machine and nine people doing auxiliary work — now do a job that onee required 36 pairs of hands, and do it 36 per cent more efficiently. Visitors have been coming from all over the country to see how it works, During the past two years the cycle works has sent out blueprints of its electro-plating machine to more than 500 factories in Shanghai and elsewhere. Other plants, however, have not simply copied the Bicycle Works’ design but applied its principles in the light of their own conditions. The automatic electroplating machine devised by the Shanghai Telephone Works on this basis can handle hundreds of different parts requiring zine plating for various lengths of time. Another Shanghai plant producing appliances for machine tools has contrived an automatic machine of a similar type but with a perforated roller that grips the tiny parts being worked and carries them through the whole process in a nonstop movement. This has raised output tenfold und improved the quality of the jab done too. These and viher successful innovations caver whole new technological processes as well as separate tools, Li Fu-hsiang, for instance, a [ormer worker at the Shanghai Boiler Plant who has since been promoted engineer, has specialized in devising versatile drilling tools that are being used in more and more factories and workshops. For Grealer Variety, Better Quality Innovations introduced previously were rigorously tested (his year as enterprises extended their range of products and raised their quality norms. Many innovations stood that test brilliantly, An important new process introduced by the Shanghai Rubber Works in 1960 invelves the manufacture of rubber tubes by the use af compressed air instead of an iron core. This year, around about August a heated debate took place at the plant on the relative merits of the two processes, the old and new, particularly as regards quality. To sctlle the question a special team from the city's Chemical Industries Bureau was called in to supervise a series of rigorous tests of the two methods. The tubes manufactured by the new method proved to be better on every count, having greater cohesion and uniformity of diameter and thickness and great strength under pressure, With that go-ahead, all attention was concentrated on the new process. With improvements and more stringent raw materials controls it is producing even better rubber tubes today. Shanghai industry has also been giving another look to innovations which, while greatly raising productivity failed to measure up to the strict quality standards of today. These are now being studied with a view to improving them. The Shanghai Generator Works which tock the lead in the great upsurge of the innovations movement in 1959 (see Peking Review, No. 28, 1960) made such a check and the efforts of the whole plant were then channelled into eliminating the listed imperfections. Within a couple of months, more than 100 quality problems had been successfully tackled. As a result, the many mechanized and automated preduction lines set up in i959- 60 are now functioning more smoothly and efficiently than ever before. Similar results were achieved in other plants. Improving an impertant innovation often involves a great deal of organizational work, research, study and hard thinking. The Shanghai Electric Welding Machine Works was outstandingly successful in improving its products in 1960, but last March and April it undertook to “readjust, consolidate, fill out and raise its standards.” Its administration called a series of mectings of workers and staff ta sel off a systematic review of experience. Af the same time, if sent teams out to visit 16 factories which are using their welding machines in various paris of the counfry. They collected more than 200 suggeslions for improvements. On this basis the plant's products were classified into three categories. Suitable measures were taken with vegard to cach: Blueprints and manuais of the efficient and thoroughly reliable machines have been Peking Review === [PDF page 17] === finalized and they are now in regular production; those machines that basically meet requirements but still have minor defects ave being carefully studied and improved; obsolete designs are being replaced by new ones. Some 50 improved designs have been finally appraised and approved. This raises the proportion of high-quality precision welding machines on its catalogue from 10 per cent in 1957 to over 90 per cent today. Plants already known for their enterprising, inventive style of work have made new gains in meeting ever more exacting quality requirements. In the big leap year of 1958 the small Jianshe (Construction) Machinery Plant made a big name for itself by introducing an ingenious methed of processing big jobs with specially designed smal] machine tools — a method now well known as “ants nibbling at a bone.” This year it made fresh gains. The workers there have now contrived new multi-cutters and aufomatic feeding devices and designed certain machine tools in such a way that they can be reassembled te form a lathe, or a milling, drilling or boring machine as desired simply by changing tools and chucks. This method enabled them to produce a bigger range of heavy and high pre cision equipment this year. Its 50-odd new products include huge hydraulic presses, machines for making highquality seamless steel tubes, and big metallurgical and chemical fertilizer equipment For Farming, Mining and Light Industries Many of the innovations intreduced or developed this year in Shanghai are results of the drive to support agriculture and mining and the consumer goods industries. The Jingye Machinery Plant’s workshops have rows of newly devised “indigenous” machine tools working alongside their modern counterparts, processing big parts for giant ammonia compressors capable af producing 25,000 tons of synthelic ammonia a year, These “indigenous” machine tools were specially improvised to process the body and cylinders of the compressor. They are fitted with ingenious culting tools and work with great precision. The compressors are a boon to the chemical fertilizer factories. The country’s coalmines have been undergoing expansion on a considerable scale and this year Shanghai’s engineering industry produced for them more than twice as much equipment as last year. This success too owed much to technical innovations. To fill an urgent order for 80,000 sets of new-type roller-bearings for mine cars, workers of the Shanghai Roller-Bearing Plant simplified the technological processes involved in processing the bearing rings and devised a new set of instruments for controlling the aecuracy of the process. They not only beat the deadline for the order but produced bearings witheut flaws or rejects. The Shanghai Mine Lamp Plant has developed a new process for making tube-type batteries and also succeeded in radically improving the quality of its lamps. This year, Shanghai has produced more than 8600 types of machines for light industry, about one-third of them for the first time in its history, These include high precision machines and vital equipment for the paper-making, glass, plastics, food, watch-making and other industries. December 29, 1961 Technical Innovators in a Factory Painting Sy ldu Tan-che Most were devised by lighi industrial workers in the technical innovations movement. A new pneumatic type machine with six moulds can turn out more than 40,000 botiles a day; an automatic candy wrapping machine operated by two men can handle half a ton of candies gaily.... The Lisheng Needle Plant has boosted its output of sewing needles for housewives to the point where the needle-packaging machines introduced last year are operating two shifis where one sufficed before. When further capacity was required these machines were improved and now each one of them is packing half a million needles per shift. These are only a few instances that could be multiplied many times for the technical innovations and technical revolution movement is rolling on in Shanghai, enabling that city’s indusiry to tackle its current tasks in its stride. 17 === [PDF page 18] === SIDELIGHTS Happy New Year, This New Year, the 13th since this country was liberated, is being greeted in a bigger way than ever. Many people regard this New Year festivity as a prelude to the happy family gatherings and brighter and bigger celebralions that will come ai the Spring Festival or Chinese Lunar New Year on Feb. 5, five weeks away. Ten days before the end of the year, Beijing Ribao (Peking Daily) published the times and names of over twa dozen films programmed for showing in 34 cinemas from Dec. 30 to Jan. 2, 1962. Dozens of small suburban cinemas not listed have also made arrangements to entertain holiday crowds. Opera troupes, professional and amateur, are staging more than 70 classical and modern operas and excerpts. Song and dance troupes will be busy giving performances in concert halls and workers’ clubs over the holidays. There will also be puppet shows, concerts of Chinese and foreign classical music, exhibitions, acrobatic shows and circuses. Season’s Greetings. One of the hottest selling items in the past weeks has been New Year greeting cards. Peking has suddenly blossomed out with greeting cards. Wangfuching and other lesser known shopping centres have on display the largest collection of New Year greeting cards seen since liberation. The majority of them have traditionally Chinese motifs: paintings of bamboos, flowers and birds, the moon over the riverside pavilion, sails in the wind.... A warm, gay trend are the cards with papercut designs af merry children and cute animals. Simple but tasteful they are well within the schoolboy’s budget. Then there are landscapes and opera figures eS CL CO ede Cee Cth aan Chaba ieee Ce ee Ce ee eT ee ee ed eer ee ea Peo OE OME AO ed ee 18 hand-painted on silk in Soochow, prints of Hsu Pel-hung water-colour horses and Chi Pai-shih prawns and insects Issued by the Jung Pao Chai Studio, reproductions of New Year pictures from Yangliuching, the famous centre of folk art near the city of Tientsin. Canton artists have sent a unique set of greeting cards with designs made, of all things, with bits of coloured whealstalk (see Hlustration an fup of the third culumn on this pape). Eighiy and Going Strong. “I am 80 years old,” said silver-haired, ruddycomplexioned Professor Ma Yueh-han, “but I intend te work many more years for my country.” He was speaking at a partly held at Tsinghua University, Peking, to celebrate his birthday and his 50th anniversary of activity in sports. The 200 guests present included the president of the university, many prominent representatives of national sports circles, students and friends. Today Professor Ma is head of the Faculty of Physical Education at Tsinghua and President of the All-China Athletic Federation. He is known and loved by millions of sportsmen all over China. Early in life Professor Ma became convinced that sports could play an important rele in making his country strong. He studied physical education abroad and came home to become Professor of Physical Education at Tsinghua University early in the 1910s. The old society cold-shouldered his work and ideals. Typical of this attitude was that of one new president who asked contemptuously: “Who ever heard of a physical education teacher becoming a professor?” He demoted him to instructor. After liberation, sperts in China flourished as never before. Professor Ma threw himself heart and soul into his work at the university and in eoaching athletes for national competitions. In his bow-tie, white shirt, grey knickerbockers and white sacks he is a familiar figure at sports meetings in Peking and throughout the country. There is no secret fer physical fitness other than perseverance, he says. He has done calisthenics, taijiquan (Chinese boxing} and pulled the chest expander almost every day for the past half century at least. He eats moderatcly, does not smoke oar drink and folluws a rigorous training schedule. He takes a daily bath followed by a cokl shower and always goes [or 4 short walk before going to bed for the nigh, Al 80 Professor Ma has a physique that is the envy of many a younger man. He plays tennis, badminton and swims in winter. At his birthday party, his white hair seemied to be the only thing to suggest his age, and even here, by some strange chance, a scanty growth of black hair has recently appeared among the white. As his friends congratulated him he assured them, "T feel young cnough to carry on for many a year yet.” 32 Steps to Literacy. In the past beys and girls of the Chuang nationality in the Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region in southwest China could never read such beautiful tales as “Third Sister Liu” ar “A Piece of Chuang Brocade.” Because they had no written language of their own, they Knew them only from the lips of their elders. Now 700,000 people in that region, or one out of every ten, can read and write in their own tongue. It was not uniil i954 that the Chuang language was put into a written form. Reactionary regimes af the past wilfully kept these people and other national minorities in the direst ignorance and poverty. Since liberation, the People’s Government has helped many of them to develop a script for their own fanguages. Standardized in 1954, the Chuang language has an alphabet of 32 Latin letters. A big part in popularizing their new script was played by the autonomous region’s Chuang Language School, which in the past few years has trained 7,000 teachers. These in turn have taught 50.000 pupils including cultural workers, workers at the Peking Review === [PDF page 19] === bench and on the farms who, in turn, brought literacy to ever more people. Performing Postmen. A 27-member troupe of Shanghai postmen, as a group of acrobats-on-wheels, is celebrating its 11th anniversary. Since 1950 these trick cyclists have given 780 public performances in their spare lime. They have even gone as far afield as Fukien and Peking. Their 84-item repertoire includes juggling, leaping over onemetre-high tables and nearly every trick that can be done on a mone or bi-vyele. Postman Chen Mei-jung, 30 and model worker, is a star performer. Chen and members of the troupe are all conscientious workers, on duty and off; that may explain why their troupe has won the annual Shanghai workerartists’ art contest four times. The troupe is part of the successful 350member Post and Telegraph Workers’ Amateur Art Ensemble which gives performances during the weekends. The ensemble also has a chorus, a Peking opera company, a dance troupe, its own brass band and an assemblage of magicians, This troupe of performing postmen and postwomen in answer to the many birthday and New Year greetings that they have received promises the public better service and more spectacular shows in the coming vear. Round and Round. Packed crowds in Shanghai’s dozen indoor rinks rate roller skating one of the most popular sports in China’s biggest metropolis. On week days, last year, 4,060 skaters at one of the bigger rinks was not unusual. Yearly attendance at public rinks was over half a million. In addition many factories and schools have their own rinks and roller skating has become part of the physical education course: in some Shanghai schools. Tt was only after liberation that rol. ler skating became a popular sport in Shanghai and not until three years ago that the first big contest was held, In the beginning enthusiasts were fairly divided into two groups — speed skaters and figure skaters. But figure skating which lends itself to group performances soon developed into artistic dancing on wheels of a kind not seen elsewhere. Recent performances on roller skates of the Lotus Fiower Dance and other perennial favourites of Chinese theatregoers are theatrical spectacles that attract huge crowds. December 29, 1961 China and the World Socialist Solidarity Leaders of the Chinese Communist Party and state have received a message of thanks from the Albanian Party and state leaders for their grectings on the 1Tith anniversary of the liberation of Albania. Praising the great achievements of the Chinese people in socialist construction under the wise, longtested and Marxist-Leninist leadership of the Chinese Communist Party headed by Chairman Mao Tse-iung, the message says that the Peo. ple's Republic of China has made tremendous coniributions in safeguarding and consolidating the unity of the socialist camp, in defending peace, exposing U.S. imperialism and its policy of aggression, striving to resolve international problems through peaceful meéans, and in the struggle to achieve co-operation on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence among countries with different so cial systems. It has become a powerful support and a lofty and inspiring example for the people in Asia and throughout the world who are fighting against imperialism, for freedor, national independence, democracy and social progress. As a glorious and firm defender of the all-conquering Marxist-Leninist ideology, the message continues, the Chinese Communist Party is struggling resolutely for the implementation of the 1957 Moscow Declaration and the 1960 Moscow Statement, for the safeguarding and strengthening of the unity of the international communist and workers’ movements, for exposing and smashing, ideviogically and politically, modern revisionism represented by the Tito clique. “United as one man around the Party of Labour.” says the message, “the Albanian people are firmly convineed that Marxism will defeat modern revisionism, that socialism will defeat capitalism and that with such a loyal internaticnalist friend as the great Chinese people, the Albanian people will certainly overcome any difficulty and build socialism and communism in Albania.” Meanwhile a hearty welcome was accorded the Albanian Government Economic Delegation led by Abdul Kellezi, Vice-Chairman of the Counceil of Ministers and Kico Ngjela, Minister of Trade and deputy leader of the delegation, which arrived in Peking on December 22, On the day following their arrival, Premier Chou En-lai met with Vice Chairman Kellezi and other members of the delegation. At a banquet given by Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien in honour of the Albanian guests, toasts were drunk to the unbreakable fraternal friendship and co-operation between the Chinese and Albanian peopies and ta the unily belween the Chinese Communist Party and the Albanian Party of Labour based on Marxism-Leninism, Firm Support for Vileinamese People Chairman Chu Tch of the Standing Commitlee of the Chinese National People’s Congress in a reply to Truong Chinh, Chairman of the Standing Committee af the National Assembly of the Viet Nam Democratic Republic. expressed full support for the just stand of the Vietnamese people as stated in the appeal made by the Assembly on October 27, 1961, to the parliaments of all countries in the world. Chairman Chu Teh sirongly condemned the United States for its armed intervention in the southern part of Viet Nam, and piedged reselute support for the just struggle of the Vietnamese people against U.S. imperialism and for the peaceful unification of their country. Marshal Lin Piao, Vice-Premier and Minister of National Defence, in his message to Senior General Vo Nguyen Giap, Vice-Premier and Minister of National Defence of the V.D.R. on the {7th anniversary of the Viet Nam People’s Army, rciterated China’s resolute stand, Speaking at the reception given by the military attache of the V.D.R. Embassy in Peking. Senior General Lo Jui-ching warned U.S. imperialism to stop playing with fire, or it will surely meet with disaster. Hailing the [firm friendship between (he Chinese and Vietnamese peoples, he declared that the peoples and armies of the two === [PDF page 20] === countries will by their joint efforts make new contributions io the building of socialism and communism and strengthening the unity of the twelve countries of the socialist camp; to the struggle against imperialist aggression, and to safeguard world peace. Marshal Yeh Chien-ying, head of the Chinese Military Goodwill Mission, atiended and spoke at. the reception to celebrate the Viet Nam People’s Army Day in Hanoi. China-6.D.B, Treaty Anniversary Viee-Premier and Foreign Minister Chen Yi on December 23 sent a message of greetings to Lothar Bolz, Foreign Minister of the German Democratic Republic, on the &th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation between the two countries. The message pointed out that the signing of this treaty is of important significance in the common struggle of the Chinese and German peoples im opposing imperialism’s policies of aggression and war, preserving world peace and for the development of friendship and co-operation between the two countries. The Chinese people have always held that it is their sacred internationalist obligation to uphold and strengthen the unity of the 12 countries of the sccialist camp, They will continue to support the German people in their struggle against West German militarism and will continue their unremitting efforts to enhance friendship and co-cperation between our two countries, to strengthen the unity of the socialist camp and to defend world peace. A similar message of greetings from Foreign Minister Lothar Bolz was received by Vice-Premier Chen Yi on the same day. With Seutheast Asian Countries China-Burma Chinese Ambassador Li Yi-mang, on behalf of the Chinese Government recently presented medals to Burmese friends who took part in surveying and delimiting the Sina Burmese boundary to honour (heir efforts to bring about an early setilement of the Sino-Burmese boundary question and delimitation of the boundary Hine. The Chinese Ambassador declared ai the ceremony that the Chinese and Burmese peoples will 20 always remember those who participated in this glorious task. China-Cambodia Premier Chou Enlai reccived a message from Prince Noredom Sihanouk thanking him for his greetings on the first anniversary of the signing of the Sine-Cambodian Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Non- Aggression. Prince Sihanouk == expressed full gratitude for China's fraternal support in their recent grave difficulties. “We pay our heartfelt respecis to our friend, China, for its immense coniribulion to the maintenance of the Jiberty and territorial integrity of Cambodia and to the safeguarding of peace in our region,” said the message. “The treaty is of fundamental importance in bringing about an Asia where the principle of peaceful coexistence triumphs, and where relations are founded on confidence,” the message pointed out, China-Indenesia Kuo Chien. head of the Chinese women's delegation to the Fourth National Congress of the Indonesian Women's Movement (Gerwani) which was held in Djakarta, from December 14 to 17 expressed in a message of greetings ta the congress, resolute support for the Indonesilan women and people in their struggle for the liberation of West Irian. She stressed that the Chinese people will certainly liberate Taiwan and the Indonesian people will certainly liberate West Irian. CULTURAL NEWS On December 20 there was a meeting of members of cultural and scientific organizations in Peking te commemorate the 250th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian scientist, Mikhail Lomonosov. The biographical colour {film “Lomonosov was shown al the meeting. A meeting was held in Bucharest last week in honour of the 80th anniversary of the birth of the great Chinese writer Lu Hsun. Passages from his works were recited by Rumanian artists, A number of books on New China were published recently in Brazil. Among them was China, An Epic of the People by Pereira Nunes, M.P, of the Nationalist Parliamentary Front and Vice-President of the China- Brazil Cultural Exchange Society. He described his recent trip to China, and Have many vivid instances of the country’s rapid development and the Chinese people's enthusiasm in building a new China. China's New Civilization by the agronamist Pimentel Gomes describes his visit to China last year. The writer said that events in this great country would affect the whole world. Everybody was interested in what was happening in China. RISES Chang Han-fu, deputy head, and Chiao Kuan-hua, member of the Chinese delegation to the enlarged Geneva Conference, and part of the staff of the delegation returned to Peking on December 24, cy a » Premier Chou En-lai and leaders of people’s organizations have sent messages to the Japanese Council for the Restoration of Japan-China Diplomatic Relations expressing condolences on the death of Akira Kazami, Chairman of the Council who died in Tokyo on December 29. The All-China Students’ Federation on December 25 sent a message of greetings to the Federation of Stu dents of Black Africa in France on the occasion of its 14th congress. The message pledged that the Chinese students and the Chinese people would always remain the most reliable friends of the African people and their students in the common struggle against old and neo-colonialism headed by U.S. imperialism. li haus become usual for the Chinese workers and oxperts working in the Mongolian People’s Republic ta fulfill their annual, quarterly or monthly plan by 100-115 per cent. In the past G years they have made nearly 1,860 innovations and rationalization proposals, most of which have been put inte practice. Meanwhile, a Chinese government delegation led by Cheng Ming-sheng, Vice-Minister of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, is in Ulan Bator to attend the ceremony for handing over the Ulan Bator Power Plant, which was built with Chinese aid under the Sinc-Mengclian Economic and Technical Aid Agreement signed in i858. Peking Review === [PDF page 21] === CHINESE PRESS OPINION Frantic U.S. Moves in U.N. Under U.S. manipulation, the U.N, Guneral Assembly adopted the absurd and illegal “resolutions” on ihe Korean question and the so-called “Hungarian question” on the same day as it passed the iogal “reselutfan" on the ‘Tibet question.” This shows how far U.S, imperialism has gene in utllizing the U.N. General Assembly to engage in criminal activities against the socialist countries, says Renmin Ribao’s Com- While unreasonably refusing participation in the debate by representatives of the Democratic People’s Republic of Kurea, the United Nations adopted two “resolutions” on the Korean question, declaring that the “eondilions for a lasting settlement laid dawn by the General Assembly” must be fulfilled before any wilhdrawal of the aggressive US. troops from Korea. This is obviously intended to enable the U.S. troops to stay on indefinitely in south Korea, Commentator poinis out. It is also an attempt to use the “U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitalion of Korea,” that tool of aggression, to “unify” the northern part of Korea and put it under U.S. colonial domination in the name of “peace,” U.S. representative Adlai Stevenson eame oul with an anti-Soviet and anti- Hungarian tirade during the debate on the conked up “Hungarian question.” He slandered the Soviet Union as having practised ‘colonial domination” over Hungary, and went so far as to ask Hungary to release counterrevolutionary criminals and introduce “freedom” of the U.S. brand. All this. Commentator points out, demonstrates that U.S. imperialism will never change its hostile attitude towards the sociulist countries, nor will it give up its subversive and apgressive designs against them. On the conirary, recent events show that U.S. imperialist moves against the Soviet Union, against communism and the socialist countries have become all the more unbridled. This state of affairs warranis serious public vigilance, The Chinesy people, Commentator declares, resolutely support the just stand of Korea and Hungary. The Decounber 29, 1961 series of farce stape-managed by U.S. imperialism in the U.N. cannot harm the socialist countrics. On the contrary, if will only arouse the indignation of the people of the socialist countrices and the whoie world. and enable ihem ta see the need to deal with U.S. imperialism in a serious way, conciudes Commentator. Persecution of Iranian Patriots The Central Committee of the Peo« ple’s Party of Iran has appealed to the world to support its demand for the release of the 90 Iranian patriots who have been jailed and are threatened with death. The Chinese people, says Renmin Ribao’s Commentator (December 15), express profound aympathy and coneern for the fate of these 90 fine sons and daughters of the Iranian people, who have been iliegally imprisoned fer their resistance to imperialist enslavement, and they voice their strong protest against the outrages of the lranian authorities. Language Barrier? Merry X‘mos average monthly wage of 600 nf, Liberal Interpretation the accords.” US. iniperialist aggression has made life in Iran today a nightmare. U.S. polifical. military and cconomic control over the country has reduced it to a virtual colony of the U.S.A, Spies have been poured into Iran by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agenev in great numbers and the U.S. Embassy and “advisors” act Hike overlords of the Iranian people. Iran’s independence and sovercigniy are being trampled underfoot by U.S, imperialism, its national industry is tottering and its people are haunted by starvation and death, To save their country from its misery and sufferings, the Iranian people, over the past eight years, have waged a hervic struggle against the U.S. imperialists and their agents. Despite the brutal repression by U.S. and [vanian reactionaries, the Iranian peuple’s revolutionary struggle cannot be put dewn. Su long as U.S. imperialist oppression against the Ivanian people exists. lheir patriotic and just struggle against it will continue. The sympathy ancl support of all freedomand peace-loving peopie of the world goes out to the Iranian people in their fight. concludes Commeniator. THE PASSING SHOW Peploring the many and growing contradictions belween Britain and the U.S., the canny Scotsman wrote of the recent Kennedy-Maecmlllan meeting at Bermuda that they would “speak Engiish to each other of course,” but, the paper queried, “will it be the same language?” X’mas Eve reports from Parls describe fancifully decorated shop-windows stocked with gifts and traditional dinners of oysters, turkey and cake, doll costs 134 new franes und that X’mas dinner for a six-member family minus the trimmings, 400 ni, while a skied French worker brings home an A toy In neighbouring West Germany, the Consumer Policy Bulletin reports sharp price hikes. From mid-November toa mid-December, bread rose in price by 10 per cent: lard, 20 per cent; flour, 7 fo 16 per cent... In the U.S. where that lagging boom caused 13,000 business bankruptcies in the first nine months of this year compared to 11,500 in the same span last year, one merchant eagerly looking forward to making a “killing” on the X’mas sales, declared, “If there wasn't any X’mas, we'd have to invent it!” Newly appointed US. Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs Harriman flatly stated on a December 21 radio programme that “we [the U.S.] are not” violating the Geneva agreements of 1934 in south Viet Nam. A reporter reminded him that the Geneva “accords do say that we can’t even bring in new equipment or any people beyond the limit of, EF believe, 695, [even that is & distortion — Ed.] and it is obvious that we have at least doubled the number of people we have there und by our own admission we are sending In new helicopter units.” Harriman replied: “Ti’s a question of the interpretation of 21 === [PDF page 22] === PEKING OPERA Chou Hein-fang's GO Years on the Stage Some 20 years azo, Two Captured Emperors, a new Peking opera, was slaged in Japanese-occupied Shanghai. “The libretto was written by Chou Hsin-fang, the most popular Peking apera actor in the city and he played the leading role, The story of the two Sung emperors of the 12th century who succumbed to ihe Kin invaders reminded the spectators of many things. When he came to the two famous lines: ‘The singsong girl knows nothing about the sorraw of a nation vanquished, Across the river she is still singing the meledy of Backyard Flowers,” many in the audience shed tears, When one of the caplives said shame-facedly that all he wanted was to “maintain order,” ithe theatre rocked with laughter at this divect hil at the traitors, whe, under the wing of the Japanese invaders, had set up their so-called “Society for the Maintenance of Order.” Shortly afterwards, Chou Hsin-fang wrote and again played the leading roles in two more new operas. They were named Wen Tien-hsiang and Shih Ko-fa after the famous patriots in Chinese history who chose death to surrender fo the nation’s enemies. Both these operas were short-lived. They were banned after their opening performance. But Chou Hsin-fang insisted that the huge posters covering the walls at the entrance io the theatre and announcing them should not be removed, and so they stayed. memorials to the glory of patriotism. To this day, Shanghai remembers these courageous acts of their bestleved actor. “He built an impregnable defence line through the hearts of the people,” they said at the time. This month, at the Capital Theatre in Peking, a distinguished audience gathered to pay tribute to Chou Hsinfang, member of the Chinese Communist Party, Deputy to the National People's Congress, and Director of the Shanghai Peking Opera Company on the 6Gth anniversary of his stage career and to see him act with all his traditional brilliance the leading role in the Peking opera Fisherman's Revenge, one of his earliest successes. Premier Chou En-lai and Vice- Premier Lu Ting-yi were present. Tien Han, Chairman of the Union of Chinese Stage Artists, in his address recalled how Chou Hsin-fang, ever since his youth, had placed his art at the service of the revolution, raising his art to the heights of excellence where it had played an important role in inspiring the masses in the patriotic activities and in the fight against imperialism, Over the years his art had evolved into a solid- Brounded school af the theatre with an extensive and far-reaching influence. He greeted Chou Hsin-fang as a <iligent heir ta the fine traditions of Peking opera. The ceremony and the subsequent performance was televised and broadcast over the national network together with two other Chou Hsin-lang performances, The Four Scholars and Upbraiding Wang Kwet, specially Chou Hskt-fang {right} as Hsiao En in “Fisherman's Revenge” 22 produced for the occasion. The wlicle national press greeted the stage birthday of ihis outstanding actor with reviews and artistic uviliques, photos of him in his stage roles, and poems and reminiscences written by old friends, colleazues and siudenis, 1901 Debut Chou Hsin-fang came from Tsuchi in Chekiang, not far from Shanghai. Son of a poor scholar, he began learning Peking opera at the age of six but he proved to be such a bright student that at seven, in 1901, he made his stage debut. This was the origin of his stage name Chi Ling Tung diterally: Seven-Year-Old Boy). Later, he changed the first two characters of his name to mean Unicorn Boy. Those were dack years for China under the inept and corrupt rule of the Ching Dynasty. Chou, hating lhose in power, put all he knew inlo creating a forceful siage image of a character he loved —- the peasant hero-fisherman in the Fisherman's Revenge. His performance in this role regularly “brought the house cown™ and at 13, he was already one of the leading actors in his troupe. Later he came to Peking to join the well-known troupe of Hsi Lien Cheng. He appeared on the same stage with young Mei Lan-fang who later became the most famous actor of his day in China. Peking, the home of Peking opera, at the time had several outstanding actors playing faa sheng (old men} rales. Chou missed no opportunity of learning from them all. He drew on the best elements in their art and adapied ihern to his own purposes. It was throuch a long pracess of creative assimilation and many years of practical lLheatre work that he gradually formulated a style that ig uniquely his own, and that has come to be known in China as the Chi Ling Tung sehoct. Emphasis on Characterization The Chi school first of all emphasized acting. This is not as strange as it sounds, for in this Chou broke with the conservatives. At the beginning of the century, a fendency developed in Peking opera of giving increasing attention te the singing. Gradually, things got to the point where certain actors simply ignored ihe dramatic elements of a role and went in for displays of “technique” pure and simple. It was not unusual in those years to see a “connoisseur” Peking Review === [PDF page 23] === ai a Peking opera show listening to the opera head back and with blissfully closed cyes. If acting is the first feature of the Chi school, singing is certainly not the last. For Chou Hsin-fang, Peking opera is essentially and always a “synthetic” art in which singing, recitative, acting, dialogue, dancing and acrobatics — all are equally important. He has always been most exacting in his demand for good singing. But good singing as he understands it means that it must give powerful and characteristic expression to the emutions and feelings of the character portrayed. Chou Hsin-fang has a genius—the fruit of painstaking work — for characterization. For half a@ century, he has captivated audiences with a long list of memorable roles — the rightecus scholar Sung Shih-chieh in The Four Scholars; the pgoodhearted but much wronged old man Chang Yuan-hsiu in Chingfeng Pavilion; Hsiao En, the peasant hero in Fisherman's Revenge; the great statesman Hsiao Ho in Hsiao Ho Chases After Han Hsin in the Moonlight; the good old servant Wang Chung who refuses to put up with his master’s treacherous infidelity in Upbraiding Wang Kwei... each is presented with his own individual character. A glance, a movement of a fool, a raised hand, the way a single word is uflered is to Chou Hsin-fang never just a simple gesture or sound but a revelation of the long years of experience that have gone to mould this or that character, his temperament and character. They are dramatic actions; many of them are dance movements, but on careful examinalion it is seen that they are based on an acute study of life, hence their penetrating truthfulness. A Great Innovator Waiching a performance by Chou Hsin-fang, one cannot fail to see the profound respect which he has for the traditions of his art. But at the same time it is clear that he is never bound by tradition. He says a good artist must ‘know his times and the tide of events and understand the psychology of his audience. Mistakes made must be corrected, what needs to be, musi be revised and what is resented must be done away with.” To do this, he says that an artist must “be able to express the true meaning of the libretto, or fo creale and impart {to it a new meaning.” In accordance with this principle, he has brilliantly re- December 29, 1961 Premier Chou Fn-lai congraialales Chou Hsin-feng afler his performunce vised part of the traditional repertoire and endowed many an old opera with new vitality. His production of the traditional opera Sung Kiang Kills His Mistress gives a good example of this. Over the years, this opera, based on an episode in the classical novel Water Margin, had evolved into a story of a werman killed by her lover roused to jealousy and anger by her deceitful relations with another man. Spiced here and there with something akin ta obscenity, it clearly distoried the image of Sung Kiang who later becomes the leader of the Liangshan rebels. Chou Hsin-fang has introduced a small episode which shiffs the contradictions and conflicts over to a letter from Liangshan. In the midst of the domestic quarrel, a messenger arrives with this letter, and it falls into the hands of the worman. With this weapon at her disposal she feels sure she can get rid of Sung Kiang. As this concerns the safety of his Liangshan comrades Sung Kiang is left with no alternative but to kill her. Public.sympathy is all on his side. It may be noted that the episode of the letter also appears in a much earlier version of this opera, but in this version tt occurs before the quarrel: Sung Kiang himself carrics this letter which, if it fell into hostile hands, would mean his death, to the house of the woman, Such an act is dramatically quite inconsistent with the character of Sung Kiang, whe is best known for his ceaseless vigilance. Cheu Hsin-fang's revision of the opera has been generally welcomed as piving “new life te an ald plav.” As a champion of the new, Chou Hsin-fang has also written many new operas. He takes his material from historical subjects, but as in the Captured Emperors, there is always a contemporary meaning to them. In the eight years from 1916 to 1924, Chou Hsin-fang, then a young man under 30, wrote more than 80 Peking uperas for himself. This fecund crea-~ tive energy of his has continued unabated, maturing with the years. Nat every one of his operas is a success, but many have already clearly won title to a place in the permaneni repertaire of the traditional theatre. It takes many things to make a great master of stage craft. In these days when Peking is celebrating the sixtieth anniversary of Chou Hsinfang’s life in the theatre, these many elements of his greatness are being closely studied and discussed. The young generation of the theatre is being urged to learn fram him. But, as many have pointed out, this does not mean to imitate what he does on the stage. It is his attitude to life, that they should learn first, and his attitude to art — deep respect for tradition coupled with his unfailing zest for the new. SHORT NOTES Books on Chou MHsin-fangz. The Theatre Publishing House of Peking announces publication of Chou Hsinfatig'’s Stage Art, = 250,000-word work in which the great actor sums up his experience in creating his roles in seven of his most representative productions including the Fisherman’s Revenge and Upbraiding Wang Kuwei, the latter written after liberation. The book also includes dedicatory poems by the famous playwright Tien Han, skeiches of Chou in various roles by the eminent painter Cheng Shih-fa and others, and six supylementary articles dealing extensively with the characteristics of the Chi Ling Tung school. Selected Operas from Chou Hsinfang’s Repertoire, Chou Hsin-fang's Repertoire, a New Compilation and The Art of the Chi Ling Tung School are now on sale in new editions. A Colour Documentary. Shanghai's Tienma Studio has compleied work on a colour film of two of Chou Hsinfang’s operas: Sung Kiang Kills His Mistress arul Hau Tse Makes Haste to the Gate Tawer. The film is directed by the veteran directors Ying Yunwei and Yang Hsiac-chung. 23 === [PDF page 24] === WHAT’S ON IN PEKING Highlights of New Year Attractions The following progrmnme scheduled for the coming week fs sivifeet to chanac. PEKING OPERA A HAD IU! TOWS A BOAT Hat Jui, an Bpaeht onflivial of the Mink Deristy, publicly defies ao brutal imspeetar, Chang Atiekune, who preys upon the people. Karaged., Chang oorders Tisai Jui ta send hundreds of peasants to tow his beat. Hal Jul maiwhling to harm the furin wark, cumes limsclf ia tow Chann’s boat. Chars, feariul of the mounting pubile sanger, is forced to) flee Shang Jislacyun Peking Opera Troupe. 4 KILGING PAO MIEN and CAHIxAAG TOWN Two of the series of storles about Pao Cheng, the Sung Dynasty macistrace whose senso of Justice and intenriy is 2 prword. The first tells how Pag Cheng brings his own criminal nephew, Pao Mien, to Justict. The second deseribes the hard iat Pao Cheng hes dealing with hig trate aister-In-law. Peking Opera Company of Peking. & THE KITCHEN MAIDS EXPEDITION When the Sung Empire is invaded by the enemy. She Toi Chun, no retired weomnon general, recommends her kitchen help Yane Pel-feng, & warrior maid. to the court to lead the defence. The kitchen maid*’s first Battle fs 16 teach her own artogant generals that she!s equal to the command. She does thie in no uneeriin fashion and then route the enemy In « Suceessful expedidoen. The Experimental Peking Opera Troupe of Peking. & HALF A PAIR OF SCISSORS A family tragedy of fcudn] soclety. Shang Usiase-yun Peking Opern Troupe. a& CHEN FE! The stary of the Ching Emperor Kuane Hsu's favaurlte concubine Chen Fef, Killed at the instigation of the infamous Dowager Tle Hal. Peking Opera Company of Peking. @ YEH HAN-YEN Yen Han-yen, daupgihicr af a noble famliy, in the Jaiuer par at the Yuon Dynasty. falls In love with a young hunter, and rejecis fhe rich sutior proposed by her wicked stepmoiner, Poking Opera Company af Peking. PINGIU OPERA a2 OLD MAN CAUNGLIS SWORD A histarleal operon of the Warring States Period, Nou Chien, Emperor of Yueh. after thrce years’ caipuivitvy ino the Sinte af Wr retums home, and logether with hls peoptie rebuilds the ruined state. ‘Pris oreduction ef the China Pingju Opera Thentre centres on how a paitiouc sword maker, old inan Chung, makes & great coniribution te jis country’s ¥imiary By making uhe fine swords used ta defeat the aggressive State af Wu. PEKING issue Page No. No, L POLITICAL GENERAL China’s Glorious Revolutionary History (1) 28:13 China's Glorious Revolutionary History (il} 29 114 Great and Decisive Strategic Baitles (I $1: 6 Great and Decisive Strategic Battles (EI) 32:12 The Lisohsi-Shenrang Campalgn 31: 7 The Huai-Haji Campaign 31: 6 24 KUNQU OPERA & A THORN HALRPIN A rich girl acecpta aQohecn hairpin as a pledge of betrothal to ao poor schélar she loves. Their marriage in hroiien up by a scandal-monger. but truth toumphs and they are finnlly reuniled, Nevth Kungu Opera Theatre. MODERN OPERA & THE CLOTH SELLER (Arshin Mal Alan} A comic opera by Lie famous Azerboljan Blaywright, User Gadifbekov, prochteed in Chinese by the Ceniral Opera and Dence Drama ‘Thentre. A Wealthy Azerbaijan youth diszuisea himself as a wandering clown seller and so succeeds in finding and mirrying a bride of his aquwn cholce. SONG AND DANCE The Central Song and Dance Ensemble Presents "Folic dances of the Tale, Uighurs, Koreans anc the Hans “Gurmese and Greek folk dances. * Flute gole, vocal solas, female chorus, ete. Jan. 1 & 2 At Pening Concert Hail Sponsered by the Central Phitharmoric Society. Programme includes: vocal solos, piano and vielln solas, and ducis. Ar Peking Erhibltion Centre Theatre Orchestral music pPerfarmed by the Centml Phuharnnentc Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Programme inciudts: Beethoven: Symoheny No. 9 (Charal) Sioclius: Violln Concerto in 1 Major Enesco! Rumanian Festlvat Conductor: Yen Liang-kun Violinist: Lin Ke-hano Jan, i & 2 van. 4 At Tiangiao TaAcatre Orehesiral music jointly performed by the Central Philharmonic Sytaphony Orchentra and the Red Sear! Orchestra of the Central Conseryatary of Musle. Conducted by N. P. Anosov, Maerhed Artist of the R.8.P.5.T. MODERN DRAMA & YO YUN A historical play. Yo Yun, san of the patriotic General Yo Fel af the Sung Dynasty. ig brovpht up to be ao brave warrior and helps hls fnther to defent the Kin invaderk, Bul he too fuls vicim to the schemes of the (trulter Chin Kueh Chins Children’s Theatre. 4 THE MISER A comedy by the great French dramatis: Moliere. Produced in ChInese by the Peking People's Art Theatre. PUPPET PLAY During the New Yerr holidays the Ching Pupnet Art Theatre will present: & UPROAR IN HEAVEN An episode Ffrara the classical novel Pilgrimage ta the Werr. a4 TUR MAGIC AOAT A fairy-tale play by the sunuinsparary pliywritht Lag Sheh. FILMS @ HIGHER THAN THE MOUNTAINS ANID LONGER THAN THE TIVERS A full-length dacumentiry recard of the happy and prospurgus life of the Tibetan people after the democratic reform in Tiber August First Studia. @ RESURRECTION A Soviet film ino twe purts adapted from Tolstoy's novel of the samc title. & MATSYRAWA CASE A dapanese fim based on ihe Matsukawa Case frameup which the Japanese reactionaries used os an exeuse for attacks on Japanese patriow ond democrais. In two parts. & THE CRYSTAL SLIPPERS <A Soviet Balict adapted from the popular fairy tale Ciaderetia. In eolour. EXHIBITIONS & CUBAN PHOTOGRAPHIC AND WOOD ECVUT AKT EXHIGITION Opens on Gee. 34. Baily, #300 a.m.-3700 pom. At Zhongshan Park. & EXHIBITION or WATER-COLOUR PAINTINGS IN PERING Dathy, 9:00 a.mm..5:00 Em. till January 4, 1963. At Beihai Park, SKATING The Season's Ont The skating rimka at Shi Cha Hal, Workers’ Stadium, Beihai, Tao Ran Ting and Zhongshan Park are now onsen. Sat, 9:00-6:30 p.m. Sun. 9700-41:00 nim. 3:00-3:00 p.m. REVIEW SUBJECT INDEX Vol. IV, Nos, 28-52, 1961 Issue Page No. No. The Pelping-Tientsin Campaign 31: 12 Ten Major Principles of Operation 42:13 The Chinese People’s Democratic Uniled Front: Its Special Features {1) The Chinese People’s Dermocratic United Front: Its Special Features (11) a4: 12 The Chinese People's Demo- $3 514 cratic United Front: Its Special Features (III) 35: lo Again! 38: «6 issue Page No. Na. 1 Witnessed the Crimes of Japanese Militarism Hold Aloft the Great Banner of the General Line and Strive for New Victories! 40: 6 A Great Democratic Revolution do: 7 Reminiscences of the 1811 Revalufion Round the Week New PLA. Regulations 28: Chine’s Army Day 31 With One Hand on the Hoe 32 38: @ 42:12 Peking Review === [PDF page 25] === Issue Pade Death of Tan Kah Kee The Bethune Spirit The Aggressor Must Fail 1911 Revolution Anniversary The Nation Salutes October 1 Cammemorating the 1911 Revolution Political Work in P.LA. Pardons to War Criminals More Relieved of Rightist _ Designation N.P.C. to Meet NATIONAL MINORITIES Tibet Forges Ahead In Inner Mongolia Round the Week Sinkiang Trains Own Doctors Tibet to Hold Elections Mutual-Aid Tearns In Tibet Panchen Frdeni VisHs Loka Rich Harvest in Tibet Happy Anniversary in Tibet Yunnan Institute of Nationalities New Ningsia's 3rd Anniversary Tibet's New Day Il. INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND CHINA’S RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES GENERAL Chen Yi's Television Interview with Canadian Newsmen Support the Stand of the Warsaw Treaty Powers Make the Anti-Impertalist, Anti-Colonialist United Front StHll Stranger! Holding Alof the Marsxist- Leninist Revolutionary Banner of the Moscow Statement Liu Chang-sheng’s Speech at 5th World Trade Union Congress The Way Peace The Way to Deal with Imperialism: Blow for Blow The Peace Mavement and National Liberation China and the World China at World Conferences World Anti-A-H Bomb Meeting On the Second Asian-African Conference Grectings to Conference of Non-Aligned Countries Worldwide Greetings Chairman Mao's Published Abroad China Publishes Asian, Afriean Literature Guard Against Penetration fe Defend World Works imperialist Chinese Press Opinion Zth World Anti-A-H Bomb Conference Strange Bedfellows U.S.-British Contradictions December 29, 1961 No. Neo. 33°: 4 25: 4 38: 3 39: 4 40:3 47:5 43: 9 46:12 28: 4 33:3 37: 4 38: 3 41:04 44: 3 44: 4 47:05 28: 9 33:7 37°. °5 49: 6 50: 24 St: 12 5to: 14 52:13 31: 22 33:23 34:22 400. (33 47: 22 56°: 30 51: 22 34: 25 43: 18 46:19 Chou En-laf's Speech at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Message of Greetings to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Hold High the Red Banner of the October Revolution, March Bravely Farward Chinese People Warmly Celebrate the October Revolution Anniversary Message of Greetings ta the Soviet Union on the Occasion of the 44th Anniversary of the Great October Sncialist Revolution Wu Wu-chang’s Speech al Peking. Rally China and the World Sine-Sovict Trade Talks Soviet Omsk Folk Chorus Sino-Seviet Co-operation Sine-Kercan Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance Sina-EKorean Friendship: Stronger than Ever China Salutes Fraternal Mongolla The Sino-Korean Jolnt Communique Support Vietnamese People’s Stniggle Glorious Albanian Party of Labour Message of Greetings to the Albanlan Party of Labour on the Occasion of Its 20th Anniversary Inn Land of Heroes Fraternal Albania’s {7th Anniversary: 43: 43: 35 36: 41 OTHER SOCIALIST COUNTRIES 28: 28: 28: 29: 30: 46: 46: 46: 44: Chinese Military Mission in Viet Nam Chino and the World Bebtween Socialist States Polish National Day Fraternal Co-operation Albanian Ambassador Presents Credentials Viet Nam Premier Continucs Visit to China Kerean Liberation Annlversary Rumanian Liberation Day V.D.R. National Day Greetings to the Korean Workers’ Party Congress Taser Page Nal Na. World Trade Union Congress ft: 21 Frantic U.S, Moves in U.N. 52: 21 THE SOVIET UNION “Yostok II's" Historic Plight 32: 11 China Supports Soviet Decision to Canduct Nuclear Tests 36: «6 A Timely Warning to War- Manlacs 3: 6 Chinese Communist Party Delegation Arrives in Moscow 42: 6 120 : 22 122 > 23 : 23 : 23 : 23 : 23 : 20 21 : 22 Issue Page No, Na. Bulgarian National Day oT + 22 Poland's Great Achievements 40: 23 G.D.R. National Day SL: 22 Hungarian Wational Assembly Delegation 41:22 Albaninn Educationists’ Visit 42: 19 Chinese Women in Tirana 43: 17 Polish Exhibition 44:18 Sinn-Korean Co-operation 45: 19 Sinc-Albanian Ties 47: 22 Sino-Korean Co-operation 48: 17 Chinese Youth Leader Speaks at Albanian Congress 49 217 Sino-Albanian Solicarity 51: 22 Socialist Solidarity §2: 19 Firm Suppert for Vietnamese People 52 7 19 China-G.D.R, Treaty Anniversary 52: 20 Chinese Press Opinion Korea’s Congress of Socialist Victories 39: 21 C.PLV. Anniversary 43:17 U.S. AGGRESSION AND PROVOCATION AGAINST CHINA There Is Only One China, Not Two Kennedy Administration's “New Tactics” of Hostility Towards China A Brief Account of the U.S. “Two Chinas” Plot 34: Watch Out for the New U.S. Pint in the Far East 35 7 Resolutely Oppose New U.S. Schemes at the U.N. China's Seat in U.N. Must Be Restored Refuting Stevenson U.S. Persists In Hostility to the Chinese People China Strongly Protests Against Illegal U.N. Resolutions Trampling on the U.N. Charter China and the World U.S. Military Provocations More U5, Military Intrusions 3t More U.S. Intrusions 35 More U.S. Military Provocatlons 4 “Two Chinas” Plot Exposed 42 More U.S. Tntrustons 43 US. Military Provocations More US. Intrusions 47 US. Military Provecations 51 Chinese Press Opinion Old Wares in New Wrapping Anti-China Piat at U.N. 40 Round the Week Panchen Erdent Condemns U.S. Plot at U.N. Assembly ASIA 29: 33°: 30: 42; 50: 52: 52: 29: 23 : 22 : 20 122 : 19 19 : 18 : 29 : 22 : 21 U.S. AGGRESSION IN SOUTH VIET NAM New U.S, Aggressive Designs in South Viet Nam The Staley Plan US. Gamble in South Viet Nam Stop U.S. Aggression in South Viet Nam 43: 43: 47: 49; New Test for India and Canada 46; === [PDF page 26] === issue Page Chincse Press Opinion Uniust LC. Decision in Viet Nam New US. Military Adven- THE ENLARGED GENEVA CONFER ENCE AND LAOS Stalemaie in Geneva Vice-Foreign Minister Chang Han-fu’s Speech “Substantive Discussions Start An Internatlonal Hearlng Twenly Days of Restricted Sessions Imperialist Logic Crucial Test for the US. Deterioration in the Laotian Situation Important Progress at Geneva Conference Draft Declaration on Neutrality of Lans Protecot to the Declaration an the Neutrality of Laos China and the World Chinese Economic and Cultural Pelegation in Laos Chinese Press Opinfon Anniversary of Laotian Patriotic Coup d'Btat ‘Ware U.S. Piot in Laos! Harriman’s Laotian Trip AURMA Sino-Burmese Friendship Flourishes China’s Good-Neighbour Policy Besrs Fruit China and the World N.P.C. Delegation Ends Visit to Burma Burmese Delegation Burmese Parliamentarian’s Impressions of China Burmese Economic Mission Splendid Example of Economie Ca-operation Parliamentary CAMBODIA China and the World Cumbodian National Day Chinese Press Opinion Cambodia's Just Stand Upheld Fine Example of Peaceful Coexistence CEYLON China and the World New Ceylonese Ambassador Presents Credentials Ceylonese Lecturer’s pressions of China INDIA India and Foreign Aid “The Aid India Club" The Truth About the Nehru- Instigated Anti-Chinese Campaign in India The Smo-Indian Boundary Question Statement of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 26 28 28: 20: 300: 31: 33: 35: 38: 47: 51: 51: 44 47 50 36 44: 33 45 50 50: : 23 tures in South Viel Nam 42: 20 11 22 : 21 +21 : 14 1 22 : 30 : 18 19 : 21 : 23 112 45: 12 Tsauc Poge Appendices: Fight noles exchanged between the Chinese and the Indian Governments since August 1961 Sketch Map: Sites referred to in the Chinese Foreign Ministry's note of August 12, 1961 and in the note of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs af October 31, 1961 Statement of the Chinese Government Supporting India’s Recovery of Goa China Supports India’s Hecovery of Goa Round the Week Nationwide Support for Government Stand on Sino- Indinn Boundary Question INDONESIA Support for Indonesia’s Just Struggle China and the World Indonesian National Day N.P.C. Detegation in Indonesia Greetings to Indonesian C.P. IRAQ Chins and the World Iraq’s National Day China-Iraq Trade Agreement Sing-lraqi Agreement JAPAN Kishi's Base Mission to Taiwan The Revival of Japanese Militarism Chairman Mao Recelves Japanese Friends Flickering Lights an fhe New Frontier (Pen Probes) Behind the Hakone Talks China and the Worid Sino-Japanese Cultural Ties Greetings to 8th Congress of Japanese C.P. Tokyo-Peking Chinese-Japanese ists' Statement Japan-China Weigi Match Anniversary of Asanuma’s Assassination Chinese Leaders Receive Japanese Guests Japanese Transiation of Chairman Mao's Works Sino-Japanese Peoples’ Salidarity Chinese Press Opinion Ikeda Toes the U.S. Line Journal- Japanese Expansion in Southeast Asia —- New Trends NEPAL Warm Welcome to the King and Queen of Nepal The Sino-Nepalese Boundary Treaty Signed Landmark in Sino-Nepalese Friendly Relations Boundary Treaty 50: S50: 52: 48 43: 47: 28 40: 41 48: 49: 50 30 40: 42: 2168 : 10 :11 11 20 > 23 430: : 148 17 : 22 1 23 : 22 23 17 : 30 ; 21 : 23 11 fxtue Page China and the World Chinese-Nepalese Boundary Committee Sino-Nepalese Highway Construction SYRIA China and the Warld China Recognizes Syrian Republic Syrian Ambassador Presents Credentials Arab OTHER ASIAN COUNTHIES AND REGIONS Thailand — U.S. Base in S.E, Asta Washington's Clumsy Puppet Show China and the World With S.E Asian Countries With S.E, Asian Neighbours Sino-Afghan Treaty Anniversary Yemeni National Day With Southeast Asian Countries Chinese Press Opinion British Impertlalism's Intervention in Kuwait The Anti-Imperialist Fight in the Arabian Peninsula Fascist Atrocities tn 5. Korea Struggle for Middle East Oil Anti-Korean U.S. Moves at Persecution of Iranfan Patriats AFRICA The Ugly American Will Out (Pen Probes} Tell-Tale Silence imperialism! Quit Africa! ALGERIA A Righteous Cause Wil Triumph China Reiterates Support for Algerla China and the World No Carve-up of Algeria Algerian Anniversary Chinese Press Opinion French Anti-Algerian Outrages Free Algeria's Patriots CONGO China and the World Chinese Embassy Withdraws from Congo Chinese Press Opinion Bring Lumumba's Murderers to Justice! New U.S. Crime in Congo ETHIOPIA China and the Worid Ethiopia’s National Day Ethiopian Cultural Envoys Sine-Ethiopian Cultural Talks Peking 35: 20 H:18 42:19 46: 18 44:13 28: 22 29°: 23 35: 26 42:19 52: 20 28: 23 30: 22 37 + 21 46:19 49:18 52: 21 43:13 211 49:11 45: 10 45:12 28: 22 38: 22 43:18 47: 21 a8: 22 47: 21 49:18 30: 23 34: 22 aT: 22 Review === [PDF page 27] === Pesne Page Wo. Ne. GHANA Rousing Welcome for President Nkrumah 33°: 5 New Slage in Sino-Ghanajan — Joint Communique a4: 0 ~-Trealy of Friendship 34:é¢7 Fron. Dark Night to Dawn 34: 7 China and the World - Ghanaian Nationa! Day 28: 22 Chinese Exhibition in Between China and Ghana 44: 19 Chinese Press Opinion A Significant Step Aa: OE GUINEA In a Land of Heroes 36: 12 China and the World Sino-Guinean Treaty <Anniversary 37: 22 Guinean National Day 40: 22 MALI China and the World Mali Government Eco nomic Mission 36: 2i Mali Republic Anniversary 39: 22 TUNISIA Hands Off Tunisia! w: 8 China and the World Tunisian Friendship Delegation 29: 23 Support to Tunisian People 35: 20 Support for Tunisian People 43: 17 OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES China and the World Somali's First Anniversary 28: 22 Ties with Africa 29°: 28 Dehomey Independence Day 31: 22 West African States = Independence Day 32°: 22 Support for Peeples in Portuguese Colonies 32°: 22 West African States Greeted 33: 23 China and Africa 38. 22 Nigeria's Anniversary Greeted 46: 22 Greetlngs to Tanganyika 56. 30 Chinese Press Opinion Kenyatta Released 35°: 22 LATIN AMERICA Persona Non Grata (Pen Probes} 52:14 China and ihe World Guests from Laiin America 48: 18 Chinese Press Opinion Kennedy's Sugar-Coated Bullets 350: 21 Upsurge of the Working- Class Movement in Argentina 48:18 BRAZIL Distinguished Guests from Brazil 33: =«6 The Slum Makers (Pen Probes) 49:12 December 29, 1961 Isaue Page China and ihe World Brazil's Vice-President in China H For Closer Sino-Brazilian Relalions 35 Chinese Press Opinion Sino-Brazilian Trade a4: Hands Off Brazil! 35. CUBA Solidarity with Revotutionary Cuba 0: President Derticos in China 39: Mutual Support aA: Cuba’s Economic Progress 39: Sino-Cuban Ties at a Glance 35: Sino-Cuban Joint Communi. que 40: Smash New U.S, Plet for Aggression Against Cuba 46: Caught Red-Handed 46: War Preparations in the Caribbean 46: China Stands By Cuba 47: China and the World Between China and Cuba 30 China-Cuba Ties “i Chinese-Cuban Post and Telecommunications Agreements 43: Support for Cuban Students 49: ECUADOR People’s Triumph in Ecuador. 47 USA U.S. War Preparations Mania 31 The Kennedy Administration —A Half-Year Balance Sheet 32: Can Kennedy Turn Back the Tide of History? a3: Kennedy's “Limited Warfare”. 37: Kennedy's Arms Drive and War Preparations oT: Haw Can Fish Eves Puss for Pearls? 40: US. imperialism —The Bipzsest International Exploiter 41: That Yawning Gap 44; U.S. Agricultural Crisis 46: US. Sabre-Rattling Heightens World Tension 4a: Kennedy’s Wishful Thinking 450: Chinese Press Opinion William Foster Mourned 38 Feebie Upturn.in U.S. Economy 43: Protest Against Attack on CPLUS.A, 49: Pes Probes Cail in the Admen! 28 Who Aids Whom? HH: The Old Man and the Shark 33; Sequel to a Roadside Incident 33: Gun Fhy Neighbour 37: it's the Big Ones That Get Away 41 The Coming of the Yanks 44 Hilton Hotels Want God- Guidance 46: The President's "Fringe Benefits” 49: ast : 22 : 26 23 221 [Unreadable] : 23 + 23 :13 : 18 7 22 18 18 18 :15 1 20 18 12 fesue Page ier, EUROPE “Self-Managemenl of Enterprises’ in Yugoslavia: The True Picture 2: The West Berlin Questian— Whut Is Really Involved? 37: Rip OF Tito Clique’s “Supra- Bloc” Mask 38: Let Everybody See the face of the Renegades 48: What Price the Tito Clique? 48; Br. Mende’s Pledges and Dr. Freise’s Politics (Pen Probes) 48: Vers Goud? (Pen Probes) a2 7 China and the World Swiss National Day $l 7: Threat Against Noted French Journalist Condemned 33: Belgian CP. Anniversary 36: Field Marsha! Montgomery in China 37: Montgomery Concludes Visit in China 39°: Belgian Queen Visits China 38 +: 22 Belgian Queen’s Impressions of China 43: Chinese Press Opinion Unrest in France 42: Workers’ and Peasanis’ Struggle in France 44: Bonn’s Reactionary Farm Policy 46: British Farm Policy and the Common Market am: Discord in Bonn 40 Hi. ECONOMIC INDUSTRY, COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSPORT, TRADE Two Industrial Giants Caoperate 32: Sian Enamelware Makes [is Mark 33 Salt and Its Makers 37: Shanghai Makes New Precision Machines 38 Allout Aid to Agricullure — The Loyang Way 39: Impressions at the No, 1 Steel Plani 40: Chine’s Subsurface Water Resources 44: Lecal Transport Networks 44: More of the Cup That Cheers 45: Porcelain 47: New Tangshan Peking Industry Makes the Grade Ub: Better Transport in Kwangsi 49 Shanghai Harbour Pilots Bh ot Technical Innovations Drive Goes Deeper $2: Round the Week More Fertilizer Plants 28: Varlety Spices Progress 29: Brisk Home Trade 23: Salt Production Up 29: More Consumer Gonds So: Coalmines Expand 31: Electricity Atds Agriculture 32: Consumer Goods for the Countryside a3: 13 19 119 17 : 16 D185 17 15 16 14 113 17 15 wie th he ede tg === [PDF page 28] === Issue Pane Ae. Wye New ‘Tastes in Textiles a3: 4 New Mining Construction 34 - 3 Thriving Handicrafts wo: 4 Help trom the Customers 35: 3 Happy Golden Bridges go: 4 Light Industry Buiid-Up 36: 3 More and Faster River Transport 36: 3 Chemical Fertilizer Output Up 36: 4 New Muscles fur the Mines 38: 3 Exploitation of Natural Gas 38: «5 Good News About Sicel 41:64 Chemicals for Light iIndusiry 42:05 Peking Mechanical Engi-. neers Mect 42:64 Jodusiry Answers the Farms 42: 4 Small Coulmines Spruce Up 43: 3 New Double-Decker Train 43: 4 Roiling Across the Yangtse 43: 4 Consumer Goods for the Villages 44:04 Hopel’s New Light Railways 45:3 Improved Tools Prove Their Worth 45:04 New Successes in Coaimines 16: 3 More Marchines for the Coalmines 47: 3 Light Industry Goes Inland 48: 3 East China Trade Fair 48: 4 Young Colliers Make Good 49: 3 Papers from Shanghai 49: 5 Shenyang Engineering: Year's End Report Slo: 4 Achievements in Indusiry 52: 3 Worker-Engincers 52: RURAL PEOPLES COMMUNES AND AGRICULTURE Speeding Up Farm Mechanization 29°: ES State Forest Plantations 360.11 Fuhsing Island — Modern Fishery Base Ho: 16 Rebuilding Heroic Tamzo 3a: 15 Latest News from Jianming 37: 15 How the Summer Floods Were Beaten Ho: At the “End of the Sky” 40 017 How Dengji Geat the Floads 43: 15 Autumn in the Fishing Grounds 45°: 17 Redressing the Earth 46:15 Lutai Farm Transforms Salty Soll 47°: 14 Bigger Herds — Better Farming 4G: 15 Round the Week Kwangtung Harvests Rice 28: 4 Raising Freshwater Fish 29: 3 The Value of Reservoirs 30:°«3 Ice for Irrigation ww: 3 State Farms Expand Acreage 30: 4 Commune Democracy 31: 4 Early Rice Harvest Sho: 4 Fighting Drought 32: 3 Ming Tombs Reservoir: 3 Years Old 4: Pig Breeding in the Communes a: 3 “Nanniwan Tradiflon” in Sinkiang i | Aiming High, Aiming Far 37: 3 tn Heilungkiang’s Forests 48: 4 Paoan's Harvest 49:04 ise Paw | moe Via, Colion Picking’ Slarts 423.0% Water On Tap 42:03 More Tractors on Northern Farms 43.04 When a Commune Mechanizes da: 05 Autumn Harvest WH: 3 Shelter Belt for Desert Raiiwny dar 4 New Book on Rice-Growing 44:0 45 Mutual Help 45:3 State Farms in Kiangsi 46: 3 “Little Autumn Harvest" 47:3 Kwanetung's Water Cunservancy Works #7: 4 Altai Herdsmen Win Laurels 40:3 Taishao’s Suceess Story abo: 4 “Inun Bulls” in Sbharntuny and Anhwei. 49°: «3 Winter Lumbering Gets inte Stride dan 4 Good News “frum the Countryside Sl: 3 Overhawing Farm Machines 52: 4 I¥. CULTURAL ART, MUSIC, DANCING New Water-Colour Paintinus 28: 21 Ancient Lute Airs Revived a0: 19 Two Flower-and-Bird Puinting Exhibitions 32°: 20 Friendship Cemented in Sungs 33: 2 From Ethiopia 35°: 19 Sketches by Four Artists 36:18 Chinese Gramophone Rerords 42: 22 Paintings by Yee Bon 435: 21 Chinese-Made Musical Instruments 450: 20 How Fhey Paint 45: 20 A Sino-Soviet Swan Lake 48: 20 Li Keng—Faolk Painter 4B: 20 Solos and Pas de Deux 49; 2) Art Tours 30°: 28 Soviet Musicians in Peking $i: 20 Round the Week Art Gifts to the Nation a4: 064 The Magic Flute 52: 4 THEATRE, CINEMA, HANDICRAFT ART From the Roots of Life 30:18 August First Fibn Studio 31: 20 In Memory of Comrade Mei Lan-fang 33°: 20 “Four Goods” in Fealpres — A Discussion 36: 19 A Veteran Master * 37:18 Soochow Embroidery 3B: 2 Current Atiructions — Theatre 40°: 19 Current Attractions — Films 405; 20 Pictures in [run 4106; 21 Features About Minerity Peoples 430: 22 Opera from Eat Fisun’s Home ‘Town 44.21 Film Festival in Huneur uf Mef Lan-funge 44:22 Young Shanghai Talents 41g: ¥i A Fisherman's Family at. 18 Uproar im Heoven 47°: «£8 Veteran Stage Artist Honoured 4H: 22 New Ways in Shell-Wurk 49:21 Treiping Worker and Peasant Actors Al: 19 fiance Toads Without a Grandfather on the Mother's Side Chou Hsin-fanp’s 60 Years on the Stage Round the Weck For Betler Feature Filins Mei Lan-fanis Dies LITERATURE, PUBLISHING, ARCHAEOLOGY Old Stene Ave Cave Found in Anyang Stories About Not Heing Alfraid of Ghosts New Editions of Old Classics New Finds at Anyang Historical Plays: Suggested Titles Book Notes Selected Works of Luo Hsuu {Four Volumes) Older Than Peking Stories About Our Countryside Tang Mural Discovery 2,000-Year-Cld Tomb Opened Taiwan's Prehistoric Links With Mainland Man? New Round the Week Lu Hsun Museum Reapened Lu Hsun Commemoration Books-for-Children Contest SPORTS Muscum of Chinese History Al the Peking Mining Institute Millions in the Swim Exploring the Takla Makan National Table Tennis Championshins Hungarian Volleyball Team in China Chrysanthemum Shows in Peking Round the Week Heallhy Summer 160,000 College Graduates New School Year Palace Museum Studying Traditional nese Medicine Popularizing Seienve Red Cross Society Meets Newspaper Reading Made Easy Rural School Chi- Year Bogins VV. SOCIAL Miners’ Life in Fushun Heroic Chingkung Mountain “Pine Trees That Never Grow Old” Lu Hsun's Revisited “Old Home” Life in the Fishing Communes Round the Week Miners’ New Hones Yenan ‘Today Vacation Time Swapping Houses Tientsin's Water Supply Recruits for Service Trades 33: 38 40: 42 50: 37 3 43: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, HEALTH, 35: 36: 15 42 41 44 46 29: 32: 36: 49; 46: 49: 28: 30: ‘31: 38: 44; 33: 4800 21 Dye Nel : 20 : 20 78 19 20) 219 50°: 29 AM a ae 14 13 : 20 : 22 : 22 S71 SF Rab nk Tn ate :13 114 :16 215 44; wo anon Tot Se ol dee le BF ee th bk te sg |p hee PoE OLD od eee ee