Politieke Gevangenen op het Eiland Buru (Amnesty International, 1976)

Amnesty International. (1976). *Politieke gevangenen op het eiland Buru: Indonesië's systeem van permanente gevangenschap* [Political prisoners on the island of Buru: Indonesia's system of permanent imprisonment; with appended *Lijst m.b.t. Indonesische gevangenen* (List of Indonesian prisoners), 15 September 1976] [Report]. Amnesty International, Amsterdam. PDF: 01 Primary Sources/1.6 Testimonies, Memoirs and Human Rights Reports/Amnesty International (1976) - Politieke Gevangenen op het Eiland Buru.pdf PDF PAGES 1 to 18 of 18. Text from the PDF text layer where present, otherwise Tesseract OCR (ind+eng); OCR errors remain. === [PDF page 1] === POLITIEKE GEVANGENEN OP HET 1 EILAND BURU Ero Indonesié’s systeem van permanente === [PDF page 2] === Amnesty International 3e Hugo de Grootstraat 7 Amsterdam tel. 847905 oktober 1976 POLITIEKE GEVANGENEN OP HPT EILAND BURU, Indonesi€'s systeem van permanente gevangenschap. In juli 1969 lanceerde de Indonesische regering een plan om een permanent kamp voor politieke gevangenen die geen rechtszaak hadden gehad op te zetten op Buru. Op dat moment waren er al 2500 ge- ee vangenen overgebracht, uit Javaanse gevangenissen naar het eiland. Dit onder strikte geheamhouding.: Hun aantal bedraagt nu meer dan 10.000. Amnesty International heeft in 1975 informatie ontvangen dat de gevangenen op Buru gedwongen werden om nieuwe kampen te bouwen voor duizenden gevangenen die de autoriteiten in 1976 naar het eiland willen overbrengen, Bekend is nu day meer dan 1000 gevangenen dit jaar zijn overgebrach t naar Buru onder strikte geheimhouding. 6 De autoriteiten hebben gemeld dat sinds de eerste gevangenen op Buru arriveerden, er -143 gijn gestorven, maar het staat vast dat dit aantal in werkelijkheid hoger ligt. ee Net als toen men startte met het "Buruprojekt" zijn de omstandigheden voor de gevangenen zeer slecht. Het ejland Buru is een. deel van Maluku (Molukken), behorende tot de Oostelijke Indonesische eilanden. Het is erg bergachtig en op het Sa grootste gedeelte treffen we een onherbergzaam oerwoud aan. In de kuststreken wonen ongeveer 40,000 mensen, Op het eiland zijn geen verkeerswegen van de hoofdstad Namlea naar andere steden of dorpen; het enige middel Yan Yorvoor is de houten boot via de rivier. Regel- -— matige verbinding met de andere delen van de Republiek bestaat niet, er is wel een transportdienst tussen Namlea en Ambon, de hoofdstad van Maluku. Er zijn meer dan 18 kampen op het eiland, waar de politieke gevangenen vastzitten. === [PDF page 3] === Met de instelling van gevangenkampen op Buru is een nieuw element va, permanente detentie van politicke gevangenen op Java toegevoegd, In Plaats van een proces en vrijlating van die gevangenen, teBen Wi gee aanklachten bestaan, heeft de regering besloten deze mensen langduriy vast te houden, De gevangenen zijn uit versoheidene gevangenissen in de Republiek, waar zij relatief dicht bij hun familieleden waren, nas Buru overgebracht, dit onder‘strikte geheimhoudi: cen betekends, ge ng, heté | schrijven. In theorie zijn bezoekjes van femilie mogelijk, in de prak- | | Er beotaat nauwelijks contact tussen de yevanyene en zijn femilie. | -Ofschoon men »09t mag ontvangen, bereiken slechts vcinig brieven de | | gevangenen cen half jaar na de dntum van schrijven. 15 4 van de geving- | ' onen-heeft- cens een pakketje ontvcngen. Ken govangene mag een standaard ‘kaart naar familieleden sturen, het is ten strengste verboden meer te reer te sien, 2} igs qetoneyortoet Kana Aa Kah MOP ina kn tetas |. *HHSMIKE 8 nimner te asm voongatonens tenn op Dans te oot ai Gabe TNO an pe rsa » vereerd met de ware ven cen familiclid. Wel staan de autoriteiten, ibealpin ooiteenopoeexes ka Hama ae Bae ala SEP U APA EN hi toe dat de familie zich ook op Buru Yee dearmee het permanente AM (ai Mpg LAS Kp Maa Os ban Meni wads | van de gevangenschap onderstrepend. In juli 1972 gingen 04 vrowwen met = " genen wer. hun kinderen nacr Buru om zich bij hun echtgenoten te voegen. In februeen tangan te bouwen, evenals karren en vlotten van bamboe. Waar nu ori 1974 kwam de tweede groep van 62 vrouven, Begin 1975 kwam een groep ge cuivegrde grond wordt aangetroffen,, was in 1969 niets Hana vrouwen uit Djakarta. De vrouwen, kinderen en mannen worden ondergezien als oerwoud, De gevangenen moesten de bomen kappen, het land in _ pracht in het speciale Savana-Jaya kemp, (Kamp no.4) Er zijn in totaal cultuur brengen, Nu cultiveert iedere &roep van 500 gevangenen een | 400 kinderen in het kamp. Toen twee femilies op Buru arriveerden bleek gebied tussen 50 en 300 ha. voor de rijstverbouw en een strook tot ‘ j;ex geen plaats meer te zijn, de vrouwen en kinderen werden near Java 100 ha. voor de verbouw van mais, cassava's en.groenten. Hoewel er | Iteruggestuurd, De omstandigheden voor de -vrouwen en de kinderen zijn eroke: oppervlakten rijst verbouwd worden, bestaat het grootste deel "|dezelfde als die van de gevangenen, ook zij-noeten verken voor hun van het voedsel van de gevangenen uit aardappelen, cassava's en, voedsel, alleen mogen de kinderen in Namlea naar school. groenten, Het hout, de rijst en tal van andere produkten worden dgor |, pOLITIEK Vai LIRIH TIMIRIKKING de autoriteiten benut voor exportdoeleiden, Als het voedsel schaars |. Kopkantib, de machtige staatsveilirheidsdienst nam het initiatief voor is moeten de gevangenen eten wat ze kunnen krijgen. Zout en suiker jhet "Buruproject", de officier van justitie werd de aangewezen figuur ~ betrekken de gevangenen veelal van de autoritciten. Om aan geld te om het project uit te voeren. De militaire autoriteiten, waarvan de ‘komen verkopen de given genen gevogelte en eieren aan officieren en’ |" (Kopkamtib de staf vormt, droegen de verantwoordelijkheid voor die po-' aan leden van de bewakingsdienst. Gevangenen eten nauwelijks eieren 4 “ litieke gevangenen die onder geen beding mochten worden vrijgelaten of kippen, Wanneer een gevangenen aankomt worden twee shirts en twee | over aan de officier van justitie. Zij vallen echter niet onder de contrdéle van de burgelijke autoriteiten. De commandent van Ambon is belast met alle veiligheidsmaatregelen wocrmee het project. is omgeven, dé wach'ten 2ijn gerecruteerd uit het ililitaire Politie Corps. Het leger heeft direct zitting in de Bapreru(Buru "Re-settlement" executive authority), waarvan de uitvoerende chef, Brigade-Generaal Abdulrahman Suwodo, ook commandant is van de 15e Militaire Commando.De officiéle " motieven voor het Juruprojéct zijn nader toegelicht in de inleiding 'van &en Baprerubrochure in december 1969 door de officier van justitie Sugih Arto(zelf een generaal uit het leger). Daarin verklaarde hij dat broeken verstrekt, daar moet hij mee doen, kleding die wordt opgeatuurd door de femilic wordt niet afgegeven. Religieuze boeken, mogen gelezen worden, In Kompas schreef de Officier van Justitie: "Sonmige boeken zijn toegestaan, 2 er i ie yer: 9° getangenen hebben geen tijd’ om.te legen’.” Overdagewarken ze op het land en s'avonds is er geen elektriciteit". De gevangenen moeten 8 2 9 uur werken op de plantages, Hen aantal mensen ‘zijn ‘vrijge* steld van werk op de plantages, Zieken blijven in het kamp, waar 21) moeten wassen, koken en de zaak schocnmaken, Alleen zij die zu ziek zijn dat ze zich niet kunnen-bewegen zijn vrijgesteld, De autoriteit ten geven- geen medicijnen voor de behandeling van 'zieken, Zij die tbo hebben, lijden acn huidaandoeningen of andere kwalen-krijgen geen medische hijstand, *: fe: hiet transport van zg.B-gevangenen nacr Buru"niet was om hen te isoleren van hun volk, maar om,hen samen met hun fomilieleden te laten samen- ‘leven: omdat hun eigen veiligheid in sevaar zou kunnen komen bij terug-- keer naar de maatschappij op dit moment". === [PDF page 4] === De uitleg maakt duidelik dat de gevangenen voor hun eigen veiligheia naar Buru Zijn overgebracht, maar uit-de volgende zin blijkt dat er neo achter zit, de officier van justitie verklaarde dat de mannen die naay Buru waren getransporteerd "een belangrijke rol hadden gespeeld bi het plannen, uitvoeren van de 30 september/PKI-beweging, voordat Of Beduren de de periode dat dit plaatsvond, wij kunnen hen niet peschuldigen, naay het is nog altijd te gevaarlijk om hen te laten terugkeren naar de maat. schappij. Ze vormen nag steeds een bedreiging voor de maatschappi." Het was dus de opvatting van de regering dat de maatschappij moest worden ty schermd tegen mensen \tegen wie geen beschuldigingen konden worden inge. bracht,: Het belangrijkste punt van het Buruproject is dat de mannen voor hun eigen levensonderhoud noeten zorgen,-Wwaarmee de verantwoordelijkheid van de regering om voor gevangenen die vast zitten sonder rechtszaak te Zorgen, vervalt. Alleen tijdens de periode tot 8 maanden na hun aankonst OP Buru zorgden de autoriteiten voor voedsel, daarna moesten 2{j hun cigen voedsel produceren en daarvoor ontvingen zij vrijwel niets. In officiéle verklaringen is altijd benadrukt dat Buru geen concentratiekanp way maar een agrarische "nieuwe vestiging", waarin politieke gevangenen vor zich zelf moesten kunnen zorgen, De regering heeft verklaard dat nienani gedwongen arbeid verricht op Buru. De officier van justitie heeft dan ook in de Baprerubrochure verklaard dat het Buruproject-volkomen verschilt van een gewoon kamp, omdat er geen gedwongen arbeid bestaat. De Baprerubrochure rechtvaardigt wel het systeem van gedwongen arbeid on humanitaire redenen, Het verwijst naar een oude Nederlandse koloniale regeling waarin staat dat iedere gevangene, wanneer mogelijk, in staat moet worden gesteld om te werken, Dan legt de brochure de nadruk op het Panca Silaprincipe 1): ieder lid van de maatschappij, vrij of in gevanger schap, is verplicht werk te doen. Op basis van deze "principes" dwingt de xregering politieke gevangenen om werk te doen, op Buru, maar ook in het gevangenkamp van Tanggerang en he principes rechtvaardigen cok het tewerk stellen van politieke gevangent werkkamp van Nasukambangen. Deze over heel de Republiek in zgn. "werkprojecten", De visie van de regerin | staat zeer duidelijk in de Bapreruverklaring: "Om die reden is het verschaffen van werk aan de gedetineeraen van de 30 september/PKI-bewegins te zien als &én van de pogingen van het Gouvernement om hen als menselijke wezens - voor wier fysiek en sociaal leven het van belang is te werken - respect te betonen". 1)Noot: Panca Silaprincipes zijn geformuleerd door Soekarno in 1445, deze principes Zijn: geloof in God, nationalisme, humaniteit, democratie en sociale rechtvaardigheid, Over 't~geheel—genomen is-het-redelijk_dat de regering-van-welk land ook het recht op werk van hear vrije burgers beschermt; maar het is beslist fout dat een regering zich het recht-aanmatigt, gevangenen, die zonder vorm van proces vastzitten, tot werken te verplichten; willen zij niet van honger omkomen. De kans op overleving hangt voor de politieke gevangenen op Buru af van een lange dag van zware arbeid onder het strenge toezicht van gewapende bewakers. Dit geldt voor allen, jongen en ouden, zieken en gezonden, met uitzondering van hen, die zo ziek zijn dat zij niet van hun slaapmat op de vloer kunnen opstaan, Eén buitenlandse verslaggever, die het eiland in 1971 hed bezocht en zijn waarnemingen in Newsweek van 14 februari 1972 publiceerde, beschreef de toestand in de ‘volgende bewoordingen: "Voor hen, die voordien geen ervaring met het bewerken van land hebben opsedaan, zowel als voor de oudere mannen en de intellectuelen, is het afmattende werk niet minder dan een vorm van zware lijfstraf". Mensen, van wie het Gouvernement de handen heeft afgetrokken moeten ploegenatenst verrichten; z{j worden gedwongen zwaar werk te doen, terwijl ze tengevolge van doorlopend tekort aan voedsel ondervoed zijn. Een groot deel van de gedetineerden is chronisch ziek als gevolg van kwalen, waarvoor ze niet de geringste medische behandeling kriigen. Zij beschikken niet over de juiste kleding, noch hebben zij zeep om zich te wassen. In 't kort cezegd: zij worden gedwongen dag in dag uit zware lichamelijke arbeid te verrichten, terwijl zij door het Gouvernement dermate slecht behandeld worden dat het merendeel van hen hiertoe niet in staat is. Het is dan’ ook niet verwonderlijk dat het dodencijfer onder de gevangenen op Buru -volgens officiéle gegevens 143- 20 hoog ligt. Then het eenmaal bekend werd dat het sterftecijfer op Buru zo hoog was, verklaarden se autoriteiten in 1972, dat de dood van de gevangenen niet was toe te schrijven aan slechte omstandigheden, maar aan de gevolgen van kwalen, waaraan zij el vddr hun komst op Suru lijdende waren. Nochthans werd er in de Bapreru-brochure de nadruk opgelegd, dat alle naar Buru overgebrachte gevangenen een medisch onderzoek voor wat betreft hun lichamelijke conditie hadden on‘ergaan. Omstreeks december 1972 werd door de Indonesische ambassade in Londen gesteld, dat de oorzaak van overlijden niet ziekte, maar ouderdom was, dit in tegenstelling tot vroegere berichten, waarin gemeld werd, dat geen gevangene ouder dan 45 jaar naar het-eiland zou worden getransporteerd. === [PDF page 5] === GEZIMIEN OP BURU De Indonesische autoriteiten hebben altijd met nadruk gesteld, dat hun plannen tot overbrenging van gezinnen van Buru-gedetineerden naar het eiland, van menslievendheid getuigen. Maar de gevangenen zelf - en over het algemeen ook hun gezinsleden ~ bekijken de zaak totaal anders, Toen in december '71 adn een aantal Indonesische en buitenlandse journalisten een bezoek aan Buru toegestaan werd, bleek geen enkele ondervraagde gedetincerde enig verlangen te tone, zijn gezin bij zich te hebben. Terwijl de scheiding van hun gezinsleden juist é6n van de schrijnende agpekten van hun ellendige situ. -atie is, 2ijn zij er sich duidelijk van bewust dat het” leven op Buru alleszins-onaanvaardbaar is en veel te zwaar voor hun vrouwen en kinderen, In een toespraak tot buitenlandse -journalieten te Djakarts Adécember '71) gaf de openbaar aanklager toe, dat een onder de vrouwen.ingesteld onderzoek nar de bereidheid zich bij hun mannen te voegen, had aangetoond dat 75;) van hen hiertoe niet genegem vas, in het bijzonder met het oog op problemen met betrekking tot de kin- _deren. Desalnietemin ging de regering voort met het voorbereiden van transporten van vrouwen en kinderen naar’Buru: de eerste 64 -gezinnen kwamen in juli '72 op het eilend aan. In oktober van dat zelfde jaar verklaarde de met de zark Buru belaste militaire conmandant, brigade-generaal Vadli Prawirasupradja, op een persconférentie te Djakarta, dat tegen het einde van 1972, 4500 familieleden naar het eiland moesten worden getransporteerd.en dat uiteindelijk de gezinnen van alle gedetineerden zich bij hun man, resp. vader zouden moeten voegen, wat het inwonertal van het kamp op een totaal van 50.000 (gevangenisbeambten en bewakers meegerekend) z0 - brengen. Tijiens deze zelfde persconferentie meakte de publieke aanklager duidelijk, dat - ofschoon familieleden vrije burgers zouden zijn - het hun na cankomst op Burm niet toegestaan zou zijn, het "project" te verlaten. Hij gaf eveneens toe, dat het overbrengen van de -gezinsleden enorme problemen met zich bracht; enkele daarvan werden door hem als volgt toegelicht: - Schoolopleiding voor de kinderen; als deze aan de ouders zou wor | den overgelaten, zouden de kinderen naar zijn’ zeggen opgroeien tot "hardnekkige conmunisten"; - Contact’ met de buitenwereld; dit zou niet kunnen worden toegestean met het oog op “ondermijnende activiteiten"; - Levensonderhoud van de gezinnen; hierin zou de regering niet alt?’ kunnen blijven’ voorzien; hij vreesde echter dat, indien voor de kosten van levenconderhoud een geldelijxe uitkering zou worden verstrekt, "teveel geld" door de gezinnen voor "ondermijnende activiteiten" zou worden gebruikt, Na 1972 werd in februari '74 de tweede groep (62 gezinnen) naar Buru getransporteerd. Begin 1975 werden er nog meer gezinnen naar het eiland gezonden, Alle aanhoudende pressie door de regering op de gezinnen uitgeoefend ten spijt, is het. totaal aantal gezinnen op het eiland minder dan 200; dit illustroert de svelselmatig volgehouden weigering van de gevangenen en hun vrouwen met betrekking tot deze zaak. Het is zonder meer duidelijk dat vrouwen en kinderen, die naar het eiland worden getransporteerd, worden beroofd van de voor iedere burger normale vrijheid en moeten lijden onder de beperkingen, die hen in kamp nr. 4 te Savana-Jaye worden opgelegd. De vrouwen, noch de kinderen wordt toegestaan hot eiland te verlaten en zij moeten het ellendige leven van de gevangenen delen. U1t een artikel over Buru, gepubliccerd in het Indonesische weekblad Tempo van 21 oktober 1972, nenen wij het volgende over: "Gesteld kan wel worden, det het er naar uitziet, dat dcor het overbrengen van de gezinnen van Ce gevangenen, het probleem van de politieke gevangenen nog gecompliceerder gaat worden dan het al is". In maart '76 zei de plaatsvervangend commandant van Kopkamtib, admiraal Sudomo, in eer. persintecview, geplaatst in Tempo, dat het overbrengen van de gezinnen naar Buru ten doel had de gevangenen "zich beter thuis te doen voelen". Evenwel, vrouwen van gedetineerden hebben aan Amnesty International bericht, dat zij - de pressie van de regering ten spijt - er de voorkeur aan geven, niet naar Buru te worden getransporteerd. Eén van de vrouwen zei: "Ilen heeft ons ertoe verplicht, formulieron in te vullen, waarin staat dat wif ons met het transporteren akkcord verklaren, Ik vulde het formulier in en schreef erop: "niet akkoord", maar het ziet er naar uit dat zij ons zullen dwingen toch te gaan". TERUGKEER IN DE MAATSCHAPPIJ Volgens een mededeling in december 1971 van de toenmalige openbare aanklager, Sutrisno Hamidjojo, die destijas met het Buru-project was belast, is de slotfase voor de op Buru gedetineerden die van hun Terugkeer in de maatschappij zou moe- "terugkeer. in de maatschapp rehabilitatie of vrijlating, met andere woorden het ten inhouden: einde van de gevangenschap. === [PDF page 6] === | Naar de Indonesische antoriteiten blijken er anders over te denken, In deze eindfase", 20 zei de plaatsvervangend openbaar sanklager, | NBoitdende-politieke gevangenen op het eiland moeten blijven, evenwel _ Rigt Langer onder disciplines waaronder. het op appdl verschijnen", "Evenalo datymet politicke gevangenen elders in.de republiek het geval "'i0, 'hebben de autoriteiten gesteld,, dat de politiexe gevangenen op | Buru" als gerehabiliteerd zoudén worden beschouwd als Bi hun communia-: “Hueshe -ideologie opzij zetten voor de denkbeelden van de Panca Sila. :, Nasr de autoriteiten laten na, duidelijke maatstaven aan te leggen of, “voor ‘het ' nagaan van de ideologische neigingen van hun gedetineerden Len wel: in het bijzonder wanneer het gaat om gevangenen die worden ver-. @acht van "hardnckkig communisne" en van "verraad". Tot op de dag van..heden is het duidelijk dat de,regering niet de moeite heeft willen emen, een program op te stellen op grond waarvan de gevangenen nog ‘ voor hun levenseinde zouden kunnen worden vrijgelaten en als vrije urgere in de xépubliek zouden kunnen wonen. Op Burn geldt dit voor Jonge zowel ‘als voor oude mannen (sommigen van hen waren op het moment, van arrestatie nog geen 15 jrar oud). Zo is’ dit van toepassing ‘op die jongen, die naarhet eiland werd -etransporteerd met 2'n enige Souder,” zijn vader, (die politiek gevangene wasj zijn vader overleed in:BeV8ngenschap.en de jongen verblijft nog altij op het eiland. De toe-' komp ziet er ook zeer donker uit voor die vrouwen en kinderen op het “ dilana, die nu de permanente bevolking van een gevangenenkolonie vor- "mens In Kompas schreef de Indonesische journalist, Marcel Beding, na “xijn' bezoek aan Buru in december '71: "Hoe lang moeten zij daar (op : Buru):nog bljjven? Zijzelf. stellen deze vreag. Hun gezinnen stellen “deze. vraag: en ook ik stcl deze vraag. Yn het antwoord is zo duister 41s de lucht boven afdeling-II op die decembermiddag in het jear fiegentienhonderd-éénenzeventig.:.., Allen zijn zij eenzaam. Terwijl zij Werken van zonsopgang tot zonsondergang, zijn zij allen eenzaam. Fun: “Leven wordt nog eens extra zwaar belast door het gevoel van onzekerheid over de toekosmt en over hun geliefde verwanten ver overzee, roudets, vrouwen, kinderen en andere familieleden". De vrouw van een:Burusgevangene schreef laatst aan Amnesty International: "Nu is hij Snog altijd daar, vex van zijn vrouw en gezin. Waar is de mefslievend- ‘heid van onze natie gebleven?"..In maart "72 interviewde een medeverker van het Londense dagblad The Daily Telegraph een gevangene op Butu Deze gevangene werd gevreagd: "Bent _U gelukkig op Buru?" Het santwoord luidde: "Natuurlijk, nee, nee". De verslaggever zei: "De regoring best: dat v golukeig beng "Watuurlik, ja, ‘ja"y. "Wat moeten 2: . De gevangene sepliceerde?, * ‘anders zeggen?" Dit‘was, tevenc de lyatste gelogenheid,,die aan Buitenlandse verslaggevers 'seboden “werd! om de gevangenen! rap ‘het oiland! ite interviguen: : “mies ty Tatevinationa 1 ANA Aas oktober 19763 === [PDF page 7] === LIJST_MBT_INDONESISOHE GEVANGENEN, Journalist in prison Parliamentarians in prison Vrouwelijke gevangenen Medical personnel in prison 15_september_1976. 4 Amnesty International beta: é 3e Hugo de Grootstraat 7 Amsterdam tel.: 020 - 847905. === [PDF page 8] === ome EN Ya soe As ana Maan mnta oy 5 x ls ies inks SOURNALISTS IN PRISCI! A11 the journaliste listed below, with the exception of Hiss | Sudjinah, are held in detention without trial under the Presidential Decree Muuber 5 (1969). which empowers the Army Comsand for’ Restoration of Security and Order, KOPAANTIB, to detain indefinitely those suspec-~ ted of involvement in the attemped leftwing coup on 30 September 1965. The majority have been detained since 1965, The broad allegation made against those journalists associated with newspapers which were banned after the attem ed coup, or with the ational news agency Antara, before it was ourged, is that their pro-Sukarno or pro-Comiunist Party writings helped to create a poli-~: tical climate which favoured the coup attempt,; "5 AMI » aged about 484: journalist with Varta Lakti, a progressive evening newapaner banned after the 1965 attompod coup, arrested Sestenber 1969; detained without trial in Salemba Prison, Jakarta, maried with two children, | Tom AIYAR - aged about SI, denuty chief editor of Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspa»er banned after the 1965 attemped coup; arrested Octobér 1965; detained on Buru Island. Rivai APIli - aged 49; editor of the literary journal Zaman Baru; arrested October 1965; détained on Suru Island. | ARMUNANTO - aged about 58; former editor of Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attemzed coup; former Indo- _ hegian ambassador’ to Czechoslovakia, member of parliament and ninisr ter of mining until the time of his arrest; arrested March 19563 de- -.tained in Mirbaya Detention Camp. .Sjamsoe BAKRI - aged about 39; journalist and member of the Comuunist Party; arrested late 1965; detained in Salemba Prison, Jakarta, married with four children, his wife is also imprisoned. DAHOFO - aged avout 38; home news editor of jlarian Rakjat (people's, Daily), the Comiunist Party daily newspaper banned after the 1965; attemped coup; arrested 1971; place of detention unknown; previously ‘detained at Satgas-Pusat (Central Intelligence Unit) Detention Camp, Kehayoran-Lana. Jaxarta, he may have been transferred to, Saleaba. :Prison.. Banda HARAHAP - aged 59, a poet and journalist responsible for the Titerary column of Harian Rakjat ( People's daily), the Comaunist Party Daily newspaper banned after the 1965 atteiped coup; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island; poor health; married with — four children. 9,: 4 “ JULIARSO - aged about 43; foreign news editor of Harian Rajat (People's Daily), thee Comuunist Party Jaily newsvaper banned after _ the 1965 attemped coup; precise date of arrest unknown, probably 1967 or 1968; detained on Buru’Island; married with children. === [PDF page 9] === JOURNALISTS Ii PRISON Ayub JOEBAR - aged 49; literary critic and, features writer} elect, to the central board of Lekra, the leftwing cultural workers! angan ciation, in 19503 member of parlianont; arreated November 1960; qq. tained in Salemba Prison; married with one daughter. KARI _D.P, = aged about 51; editor an’ - shfogf ilarta Bakti, the leftwing daily evening newspaper which was banned after the 1965 attemped coup; chairman of the Indonesian Journalists Association in 1965; arrested 1965; detained in Salemba Prison; married with children. KAIBANO - aged about 175 oditor in chief of ilarian Rakjat (People, Daily), the Communist Party daily newspaper which was banned after the 1965 atteawped coun; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Iss. land, married with children, Hasjim R.CiiAll - aged about 53; managing editor of Bintang Timur, & . Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the I9S5 attembed coupj active member of the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI), and member of the leftwing cultural organization Lekra; arrested October 1965; detained on Duru Island; married with children. hrs 2USIJATI - journalist fot the national news agency Antara; arrested October 1965; detained in Plantungan Detention Camp. Bakri SINEG: aged about 555 »oct and literary criticj a regular ‘Contributor to journals and radio programs and member of the central “board of the left wing cultural organization LEKRA; arrested 1969; detained either in Salemba Prison or at Satgas-Pusat (Central Intell. igence Unit), Kebayoran-Lama, Jakarta. - > Miss SUDJINAH - aged 42; a regular contributor to Harian Rakjat (People's Daily), Bintang Timur and Api Kartini (the GERVANI magazir| 4 which were all banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested late 1966; charged with "participating, directly or indirectly, in the 1965 attempted coup, and of working afte that event to revive the Indonesian Communist Party", tried early 1975 and sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment; possibly detained in Bukit Duri Prison. Lies SUXATNO - journalist on Ekonomi Nasional, a Jakarta daily neve paper; precise date of arrest unknown, probably 1966; arrested together with her husband, who was secretary general of Pemudya Rakyat, the People's Youth Movement; detained in Bukit Duri Prison; beaten during interrogation; her husband, Sukatno, was tried (date uncnow) and sentenced to death, but there is nog confirmation that sentence was carried out or whether it was commuted. SUPRIJO - aged about 50; chief economics, correspondent of the natit al News Agency Antara, and an active member of the Indonesian Jourmel ists Association (P.W.I.); arrested October 1965; detained on Buy Island; married with children, his wife was a member of parliament it the Communist Party.: Alex Sunarjo SURYO - aged 48; formerly a journalist with Gelora Init esia, a pro-Sukarno newspaper, he was studying in Yugoslavia at th time of the 1965 attempted coup; arrested shortly after his retur!@ Indonesia in 1967; detained on Buru Island. __Marlon TAMPUBOLON - aged about 35; journalist for Bintang Timur, @ Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arte 1965; detained on Buru Island. zi ste! | queen PARLIAMENTARIANS IN PRISON qhe Indonesian parliamentarians listed below, with the exception of Achmadi Hadisumarto, Oei Tju Tat and Dr. Subandrio, have been held in. detention without trial under the Presidential Decree Number 5 (1969). This decree empowers the Army Command for. the Restoration of Security. and Order, KOPKAMTIB, to detain.inde- . finitely without trial those suspected of involvement in the attempted coup on 30 September 1965.. Most of them have been in + prison since the end of 1965. 2 | 'Those who were arrested in 1965 were still members of parliament. Dismissal orders were not issued until some months later and in ' gome instances have never been officially conveyed: to the person , in‘question. The majority of thase listed below were. elected to parliament in the first Indonesian general elections in 1955. A few became members after 1960 when the president appointed additional members of parliament to represent functional groups | in society, | me majority were arrested because of their links with the Indo- | nesian Communist Party (PKI), Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (SOBSI), the communist federation of trade unions and Lite affiliated unions, Barisan Tani Indonesia (BTI) the peasants ''! organization, or Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (GERWANI) the women's ‘organization, all of which were legal organizations until they > were proscribed after the 1965 attempted coup. ; Achamad ASTRAWINATA - elected member of parliament. in 1955 with | Indonesian Communist Party support, Minister of Justice from |December 1965 until the time of his arrest, and a lawyer, arres- _ ted with 13 other cabinet members, who supported President Su- - karno,. in. March 1966 immedi tely after former President Sukarno ‘handéd.over effective power to President Suharto; detained in..|Nirbaya Detention Camp. DAHLIAR -.aged about 53; elected member of parliament in 1955, and also member of the constituent assembly, a leading member of Barisan Tani Indonesia, and formely a teacher of- religion and Koran incantation; arrested October: 1965 with other women members of parliament after they had protested about the destruction of their homes.and other acts of violence; detained in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, married. 5 Sjamsul Hadi KASTARI - aged 55; elected member of parliament in ‘1955, member of the film workers trade union SARBUFIS, former Secretary general of the East Java branch of Sentral Organisasi Indonesia (SOBSI) and member of the SOBSI presidium;- arrested in October 1965; detained in Salemba Prison. [Unreadable] Kartinah KURDI - aged about 53; appointed to parliament in 1960 representing the Barisan Tani Indonesia, a member of Gerakan Wanita Indonesia which she helped to establish and build ups. arrested October 1965 with other women members of parliament after they has protested about the destruction of their homes and other acts of violence following the coup; detained in B Duri Prison, married with nine children, === [PDF page 10] === FAXLTAMENTARTANS IN PRISON Eddy Abdurachman MARTALOGAWA - aged 46; elected member of pa, Tament as in'1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party ( and member of the foreign affairs commission; arrested Octove,9) 1965; detained on Buru Island, where he was transferred after four years in Salemba Prison; previously imprisoned in 1948 tor 7 months for his activities in the pupil's organization, IPP and after independence remained active in the student youth Ron, ment and in the Indonesian peace movement. 0 OEI-Tju Tat - aged 54; member of parliament, Minister withoy Portfolio at the time of his arrest, and a lawyer; arrested yj 13 other cabinet members, who supported President Sukarno, in March 1966 immediately after former President Sukarno handed 9, effective power to President Suharto; currently on trial (chang: unknown); detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp; married with three children; sentence 135 years. Ferdinand RUNTURAMBI - aged 58, elected member of parliament in 7955 with Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) support, menber of parliamentary economic affairs commission, and a member of the group of independent progressives in parliament, active trade unionist, former secretary general of the Union of Public Works Employees and vice-chairman of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island, where he was transferred after 4 years in Salemba Prison; he has been active in the independence movement, and was imprisonej by the Japanese during World War II. Umiharti SARDJONO - aged 53; elected member of parliament in 71955 with Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) support, member of the PKI presidium in 1959; chairman of Gerakan Wanita Indonesia until the organization was banned in 1965, she had played an active part in its foundation and development; arrested October 1965 with other women members of parliament after their homes had been destroyed: detained in Bukit Duri Prison; imprisoned for several months by the Japanese in 1945; an organizer of the resistance to Dutch military action during 1945-1949.’ SETIADI Reksoprodjo ~ aged 54; elected member of parliament in 1955, and also member of the constituent assembly, later: appointed Minister of Electrical Energy and Power, a post which he held until his arrest, with all other leftwing and pro- Sukarno ministers, in March 1966 when former President Sukarno was forced to hand over effective power to President Suharto; detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp. 2 Richard Paingot SITUMEANG - aged 57; elected member of parliast in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party, active trade unionist, former secretary general of PERBUM, the oilworkers trade union, and a member of the national council of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, also member of the administrative committee of the International Oil and.Chemical Workers’ r Union; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru -Island. SUBANDRIO - aged 67; member of parliament, deputy prime ninisttt and foreign minister at the time of his arrest, appointed fir Indonesian ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1950, and sub" sequently the first Indonesian Ambassador to the Soviet Uniot the mid-1950s, secretary general. of the Indonesian foreign 'BARLTAMENTARTA “and a member of the Indonesian Nation: Ymich he.left following a government ‘regulation banning | Pai sexvanta from being members of-political partiesj “arres-. Sa March. 1966: #mmediately after former. President Sukarno. hanvged over effective. power to Président Suharto; tried October 114966, on: charges of subversion under the Anti-Subversion Law: F 1 (4963) Number’ II, and sentenced to.death; his appeal for cle='~- (menoy, 4s” sbill under consideration; detained in Nirbaya Saag ‘petention. Camp; both his wife and his son died in March and * april. 1974 while he was in detention.: a = guDOJO:- aged’ 58; elected member of parliament in.1955 repre— Genting the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and member. of the: )pKXI. central committee, active trade unionist; he helped build up the Sugar: Workers’ Union and became a member of the leading councils: of Sentral Organisasi Buruh. Seluruh Indonesia: arres- _ ted at the end of 1965; detained either in Salemba Prison or on Buru Island; sentenced to life: imprisonment during the Japanese - occupation’ of Indonesia when he was active in the underground movement. 5 JISURARTT Varso Sampir - aged about 51;! elected member of par-, | 'Hament “in. 1955, also. member of the constituent assembly, & ledding member of the Indonesian Communist Party and Sentral 'Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, and a teacher; escaped _ arrest. immediately after the 1965 attempted coup and spent’ _ several years living in the outskirts of Jakarta teaching Koran ‘jincantation; arrested at the end of 1967 with her-husband; de- ‘jtained.in Bukit. Duri Prison. Mrs Abdul Rachman SUNDARI - aged about:59; elected member of ' een, in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party . (PKI), and member of the constituent assembly; escaped arrest ‘immediately after the 1965 attempted coup by going to South’ Sumatra. where- she helped’ reorganize the PKI; arrested. in. 1969 ‘sand hela for ‘several months in solitary confinement. in Lampong}, ‘detained without trial in Bukit Duri Prison, although, she is: Sa oe the. few prisoners. who has been told she is awaiting “trial, eS 25 Karel SUPIT--\ aged 59; elected member ‘of parliament: in 1955’. \.. representing. the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), head of the PKT international department and member of the Indonesian. ‘delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1963, an 2ctive “trade unionist, he was a founding member of Sentral Organisasi: Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, arrested October 1965: etained on' Buru-Island.: se (SH. SUPRAPTO: - aged 615 elected member of parliament.in.1955. with Indonesian Communist Party support an active trade unio- Mist, he-Had played-a leading role in the formation of several’. trade unions, 'a member of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Sel: Indonesia, a vice-chairman of the Indonesian Sehelars Associa- ‘bion, a professor of law at Padjadjeran University in Band ‘atid a. Javiyer. well-known for defending workers and peasants Arrested October 1965; originally detained in a prison in.” Jakarta;-he was transferred to Buru Island at the age of ORS Official pronouncements that only able-bodied detainees Ould be moved there; married with, seven.children. hee === [PDF page 11] === BIN ERA PARLIAMENTARIANS IN PRISON Taher THAJEB - aged about 66; elected member of parliament dy 7955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party: (PKI), Pkr representative on the state planning board, senior official ty the ministry of pulbic works. until the early 1960s when he resigned from his position following a ban‘on civil servants being members of political parties, engineer; arrested Octobe, 1965; detained in Salemba Prison. TJOO Tik Tjoen - aged 55; member of parliament between 1956 4, 7963, and member of the indonesian Communist Party; arresteq 4 December 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with nine children. Gie WINAYA - aged about 50; member of parliament and senior civil servant; he was dismissed from his post in the Separtner, of cooperatives and transmigration immediately afterthe 1965 attempted coup, and arrested shortly afterwards in October 188 probably because of his association with generally leftwin, development policies in parliament and the fact that he had studied in Czechoslovakia; detained on Buru Island. ...M Bukit Dur: 1 ile vrouwelijke gavangenen.in Indonesié. zijn gevangen gehouden onder genechtelijk.onderzoek, met uitzondering van ongeveer 10. e meeste van hen werden meteen gevangen gezet na de poging tot ge coupe van 1965, maar de arrestaties duurden voort tot aan het eind van de zestiger jaren. Zij werden allen in de gevangenis gestopt onder verdenking van te -hebben behoord tot de Indonesische Communistische Partij CPKT), of de massa-organisaties die zij kontroleerden, zoale de vakbond federatie (SOBSI), de boerenvereniging (BTI), professionele of culturele verenigingen, of de passa-organisatie voor. vrouwen, Gerwani. Gerwani werd gesticht in 1950 en ontwikkelde snel, door, zijn gnti-analfabetisme campagnes en haar werk om de rechten van vrouwen en kinderen te..verdedigen, een groot en aktief ledenaantal van ongeveer 1.5 miljoen in het midden van de jaren zestig, met xentoren. in de meeste gemeenten en afdelingen in 40% van alle dorpen. Gerwani werkte nauw samen met SOBSI en BII, om de kondities van yrouwelijke arbeiders en boerinnen te verbeteren. = In 1965 werd. de PKI en zijn aangesloten organisaties verboden. In de golf van massa-arrestaties die volgde, werden vele mensen, inclusief vrouwen gedood. Van het grote aantal vrouwen'dat gearresteerd is} zijn'er ongeveer duizend nog steeds in de gevangenis, de meeste van hen-al langer dan-negen jaar. Direkt na de gebeurtenissen in 1965 publiceerde de door de regering gekontroleerde-pers sensationele rapporten over vrouwen en meis— jes die herhaatdelijk bij gruwelijkhneden betrokken waren, ‘speciaal op-de Lubang Buaya Training Ground,het communistische militaire. trainingscentrum. Een aantal van deze meisjes, toen nog tieners, gijn voor negen jaar vastgehouden:. zonder vorm van proces: in Lubang Buaya: velen werden gemartéld en gedwongen bekentenissen “te ondertekenen, hetgeen zij later bij de rechtzitting-ontkenden. In November 1974 kondigde een krant in Djakarta de komende rechtzittingen aan van vier Gerwani leiders; één van hen, Mw. Sulami, Was sekretaresse van de Centrale Raad van de organisatie. Of- Schoon er wel. enige politieke rechtzaken van vrouwen geweest wazen, Waren dit de eerste rechtzittingen in de negen jaren van Serwani leiders, Cea ee: Bae Sutanti atp’ beerd in’ 15% IT - ongeveer 45 jaar; arts lid vari Gerwani: gearres— 67: gevangen gehouden.zonder gerechtelijk vooronderzoek dur ‘i ‘Gevangenis, Dja. karta; vermoedelijk mishandeld ge- Or eae ondervraging;. zeer slechte gezondheid; haar moeder zit minta onsen haar echtgenoot, gewezen-voorzitter van;de“Commu- ‘Stische Partij Indonesia werd gedood in december 1965.: aa 30 jaarj onderwijzeres van.de Indonesian Teachers Assoion (PGRI): gearresteerd in december 1965: gevangen gehouden a gerechtelijk vooronderzoek in Plantungen Women's Detention amp, Centraal Java. Ia AMBAR - ongeveer 50 jaar; vakbondslia; hoofd van de vrouwen— Renae ne van SOBSI: gearresteerd in 1966: hevig gemarteld geduebhtc ondervraging; vastgehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; &enoot zit ook gevangen. === [PDF page 12] === ™ thu’ YROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN_ ANI - ongeveer 24 jaar; schoolmeisje toen ze gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965; gevangen gchouden in Plantungan Wo- ‘ men's Detention Camp, Central Java. VROUWELTJKE GEVANGENEN jynati_KURDI_~ ongeveer 51 jaar: lid van het- parlement: Gyer in Gerwani en in Barisan Tani Indinesia (Peasants Union): arresteerd in oktober 1965 met vier andere vrouwelijke leden net parlement: gevangen gehouden in Bukit Dur’. Prison, Dja- Kart" echtgenoot is verdwenen, negen kinderen.: Ing ANIS - 40 jaar; huisvrouw, gearresteerd in 1970 en gevangen gehouden in de Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; haar echt. genoot zit ook gevangen. ) s4 KUSNAPSIAH - 67 jaar: huisvrouww: aktief lid van Gerwani: ge- #gesteera ecind 1465, gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women'd: fetention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot ook gearresteerd in 1965. ATIKAH - ongeveer 45 jaarj textielarbeidsterj lid van S.S, Textil, een vakbond aangesloten..bij de SOBSI; gearresteerd in 1967; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. 2 7 ai: Les spi WAONAH_-"47 jaar: huisvrouw: aktief li@van Gerwani: gearres— feerd In 1967-1968; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's De=\.' Purwadas_BAKRI_- ongeveer 40 jaar; kantoorbediendej gearresteery tention Camp, Central Java. in 1968: gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Canp, Central Java, broer en echtgenoot zitten ook gevangen. Anna Juri MARIAM -— ongeveer 65 jaar: lerares en aktief lid van. Gerwani: gearresteerd in oktober 1965; wordt ervan verdacht van - je'voren kennis te hebben gehad van de voorgenomen coup; ge- | yangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison; Djakarta. Apu BUSONG WISOHO - kinderpsycholoog: lid van Indonesian Association of Graduates (HSI); gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Centra) Java; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. WUNADJA Widodo — gevangen onder vonnis no.5/1969 (administratief Jegerbesluit); beschuldigd van "deel te hebben genomen aan de poging tot de coup van 1965 en betrokken te zijn geweest bij pogingen de Communistische Partij te doen herleven"; gevangen ge+ houden in een onbekende -gevangenis. j Mrs DAHLIAR - parlementslid,vertegenwoordiger van de Barisan Tenj Indonesia (Peasant's Union); gearresteerd in»1965: gevangen ge- - houden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. DARSIJEM - ongeveer 24 jaaar: schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteeri werd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in ofwel Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta of het Plantugan Women's. Detention Camp, Central Java; slechte gezondheid+ Yurtjahja MURAD- 38 jaar: lerares: gearresteerd op Yseptember {968 omdat haar zwager voorzitter was van de Communistische Partijin Indonesié en omdat zij Russisch studeerde in Moskou; geyangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java;-echtgenoot’ zit ook gevangen; vijfkinderen, jongste kind werd geboren jJuist voor haar arrestatie en is mee naaar de geyangenis genomen. DIMROH_- 24 jaar: schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in ok- Gober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Womerls Detention Camp, Central Java.. i NGAISAH - 25 jaar; lid van Pemuda Rakyat, linkse jongeren organisatie; gearresteerd in tei 1970:gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk vooranderzoek in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, | Central Java. DJAMILAH - ongeveer 26 jaar: gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in ofwel Bukit Duri Prison,. Djakarta ofyel Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. ‘ Siti Marten NJONO — 56 jaar: huisvrouw: gearresteerd in oktober 1965 omdat haar 'echtgenoot sekretaris van het Djakarta Comit€ yan de'Communistische Partij was, gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot is geéxe- .cuteerd. voor het onderdak verlenen aan een "gezocht" persoon: gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java} echtgenoot is verdwenen, 10 kinderen.: £ ‘ Tarni NJOTO - 44 jaar: huisvrouw: gearresteerd in 1968 omdat haar echtgenoot Minister was en tweede wnd. voorzitter van de Communistische Partij in de tijd van de poging tot de coup; ge- | vangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta, echtgenoot is getxecuteerd. Mrs INSIJAH - 46 jaar: lid van Gerwani: gearresteera in 1967; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention camp, Central J IPAH_- 23 jaar: gearresteerd in oktober 1965: gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. 5 a Betty Zubaidah NUNGTJIK — ongeveer 57 jaar: lerares; gearresteerd in 1967 omdat haar echtgenoot lid was van het "Central Committee" van de Communistische Partij; gevangen gehouden in Pantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot in Peking. en gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp; Central Java; slechte gezondheid. Mrs PUDJIATI_- 51 jaar: fabrieksarbeidster: lid van Unilever Vakbeweging, aangesloten bij de SOBSI; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java, slechte gezondheid. === [PDF page 13] === ' VROUVELIJKE GEVANGENEN, Rachma RADJAR - 56 jsaz: lid vena Gerwani. Of. PGRI, gearresteerd in 19655 gevaugon gehouiea in Bu “4 Duri Prison, Djakarta, echtgenoot zit ook gevange; één kind. Siti ROMLAH - ongeveer 47 jaarj regercingsambtenaar; lid van "Nationaal Front", gesticnt door preside ent Sukarno om de aktiviteiten van alle polisieke partijen te codrdineren;_.gearresteerd eind 1968 vanweg: hes lid sijn ven het National Front; gevangen gehouder in peer Nenen 3 Detention Camp, Central Java. Mrs RUSIJATI - journaiisbe: 1id van de Indonesian Journalists Association "Tami -gearresteozd in oktober 1965 vanwege het lidi.2ijn van de F453 gevangen gehouder in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot in Peking. PA 5 SAIJAH - 22 gaars lid von Pemda Rezyat, linkse jongeren organisatie: gearrestserid In ckioler 1965 omdas ze bij Luhang Buaya was: gevangen gehouion nOnder prechtelish your toner aneh in Man Duri Prison, Djakarta. SATIJAHZ -— UP jeer: power bus: lid van de Post Office Workers Trade Unic 340% (; gearresteerd in mei 1969; gevangen gehoua en's De senen Camp, Central Jaya. SEDIJAMI — 3 ago! Tepsses: Ind van de lerarenbond (PGRI-NV); [Unreadable] Bgearresieera An @econber 1965: govangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Sentral. Java. é yibizster, dichteres, huisvrouw, ug van IEKRA, een linkse cultuen mede-redaktrice van Gerwa- S, veLigelaten in 1970, opz7 gehsuden in Djakarta, Sugiars: S. SISWA & leids hex van Ae D: one orgenisat: ni's magazine; nieuw gearre echtgenoot vic Maasic S:. -. Sekvetaris-Generaal van Gerwani en “meds redakirice van ¢ anits Masagine; gearresteerd in “oktober 1865: gevangon genoudea in Bakit Duri TEA, Djakarta. nj voorzitsver van Gerwani: Umiharti SARs agen gehouden in Bukit | Dari gearresieerl Priscn, Djekare Bs 1jZsver en journaliste: aktief an. Rokyat, Communistisch. Partij- 1 sehouden in Bukit Duri SUDJINAH -- 02 Tid van Ge SUGIJAH -- ongeveer 22 schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1.965 z Ba Buaya was; gevangen gehouden in Pleuty 1 Wenen's Deten’ "bon. Gamo, Central Java. “Sri SUHARTI -- 35 jas: advokavej gearresteerd in 1969 omdat haar - broer een iinkse generaal was en om haar aktiviteiten in "Trade Union of civil Aviation Employees"; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Diakert:: eehtgenoot ook in de Er yen en, vijf kinderen bj fFamiiieleden. === [PDF page 14] === masa: a ' bia, VROUWEL JE GEVANGENEN ‘(HARTI Warso gampit 1:50 jaar:. Ierares 5 lid. ‘ven het parlement oor de Paten na Partij.en aktier lid van, Gerwenis gearres- _ | eerdin 1967; gevangen gehouden: in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta, near echtgenoot zit ook geveneery ' SUKONT, ~! ongeveer ne jaar: aktiet lid van Gervant;. eenmaceteeta begin 1966: gevangen gehcuden. ir. Bukit Dur Prison, Djakartaj één zoon bij familieleden,: SULAM: - sekretaresse van de Gentz Hale Raad van ‘Gervani; gearresteerd in 1966: gevangen gehouden. in Bukit Duri Prison, Diakarta; gedu-. rende:vele jaron geis soleerd gehovden; verwacht wordt. dat ze binnenkort Sei de rechter gebracht zal: worden. SUMTARSTH Garopsboka - 45 jaar; arts, waarnemend penningn. van “het centraal bestuur van de Indoirssische Bond van Afgestudeerden —. (ESI)3. gearresteera in 1967 in verband sat HST aKtiviteiten, ge- °: vangen gehouden in.Plontungen Women's Detention Camp, Central 2 Java; echtgenoot sit ook gevangen, twee kinderen bij Peer eee Mrs SUNDART, - ongeveer 4i dea AE op kantoors iid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in ol:iober 19653. gevangen genouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta) pele genet wits ouk gevangei. Mrs SUNDARIM: jaar, parlemenislid voor de Communistische i bu--ime voor de Ccmmunistische Partij: gearresteerd in 1 19893 ecvangen genouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta: echtgenoct is in de gevergenis gestorven. SUNING - 41 jaar: voorzivsser ven de Djakarta afdeling van Gerwani gearcesteerd in oktober 1965; gevar.gen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoov ait ook gevengen. éé- zoon bij familieleden.: Siti SURATIH - ur é gees Peang aj Pl gearresteerd in 1966 omdat haar.e sentaedbus Lid Was vou het. "Communist Party Politbureau"; gevangen gehonden in Planstwgan Women's Detention Camp, ‘Central Java. Elisabeth Arisr, "SL - ongeveer-30 jaar, studente tandheelkunde: es Tan aa, linkse studenten organisatie: gearresteerdin 19663 gevengen gshouden in Plantungan Women's De- ‘tention Camp, Central Java. j ' SUWARDININGSIH ~ 40 jaar: yrouwenleids ver en full-time werkster voor de 'Sommnist Pariv": gearresteerd in 1967: beschuldigd van "Het bijdveger in regionale voorbexidingen voor de coup"; voor een speciale Hilitairo Kvijgeraad gebracht en veroordeeld tot levenslange govangenisstvear. WADTLAH - 24 jaar: ucnoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965, omdets: Sha 3 ‘bang Puaya was, gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Desontion Namo, Gentr al Java. WALMIS ATT - 24 jaar: 1 cerling-verpleegster: gearresteerd in ok- ‘tober 1965, omdat zij aanwezig was in Tubang Buaya; gevangen ge- “ houden jin Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta: slechte gezondheid, werd Boi ee === [PDF page 15] === VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN WARIJAH - ongeveer. 26 jaar: dienstmeisje; gearresteerd in oktober 1965,. omdat zij in Lubang Buaya was, gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Deen Camp, cena Tayan Ber Enge dat.zij aanwezig was bij Lubang Buaya: gevarigen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java: gemarteld, echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. Ima WOLSEN-SUNARDI - 57 jaar: eigenaar kleinbedrijf; gearrestéerd in 1968, omdat een "glézocht" regionaal leider van de Communis-— tische parts haar thuis bezocht had tijdens zijn onderduiking en omdat “haar naam genoemd had gedurende ondervragingen na zijn arrestatie: gevangen gehoudén in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Paves sri. WULAN = ongeveer 30 jaar, lerares: lid van Pemuda Rakyat, Iinkse jongeren organisatie: gearresteerd in 1967 vanwege haar 'lidmaatschap in Pemuda Rakyat: gevangen gehouden in Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. ' september 1976 === [PDF page 16] === poo oe ana ‘MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN PRISON’ Pa om er sa ts on ne eae a re ow ee ae Indonesia has used detention without trial on 2 massive scale since the attempted coup in October 1965 when the Indonesian authorities began | 'Jargesvale repression of the Indonesian Communist Party(PKI)and its affiliated organizations.By 1975 more than 55.000 political prisoners had .3pent 10 years in prison, without charge or trial.Even this figure may be “-an underestimate. Whereas Indonecian government statistics in recent years have put the number at around 30,000, reliable observers put the total nearer 100. 000. Amnesty Internetional has details of some 260 prisoners,But evén among this small group there are a number of doctors and medical personnel who are in indefinite det ention without trial For their supposed political: affiliations or for giving medical assistance to persons in hiding. Sutanti ATDIT-aged about 46;docsor,former lecturer in histology. at the _ University of Indonesia;ran a medical clinic for,and was a prominent member of,the women's organization Gerakan Wanita Indonesia(Gerwani) which was banned, eee as sr with the Indonesian Communist Party(PKI) and affiliated organizations,following the October attempted coup;arrested in 1967 ‘probably because she is the widow of Dipa Nusantara AIDIT, chairman of. the PKI,who was killed in December 19653;detained without charge or. trial in Bukit. Basi ‘Prison under a presidential decree which provides for inde- . finite Aan ep inn montok during ARES ORS ONT ee poor health. Mrs, DJURIAH-nurses arrested in 19567 cr 1968 with a group of neighbours from a community in Jakarta for their alleged association with leftwing, mass organizationssmany wore later released, but Mrs,DJURIAH remained in prisonjlarge family,but her husband remarriei after her arrrest;detained in Bukit Duri Prison without charge or trial, e Dr.DJAJUS-aged about 58;dector and member of the leftwing Association of University Graduates(KSI) which was tanned, together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliatec organizations,following the October 1965 attempted coup;arresrted October 1965:detained without charge or trial “in Nusakembangan Prison Island under a presidential decree which provides ‘for.indefinite SA anna OR Ware reportedly released after ‘a period of. detention,. : Ashar Suroso MUNANDAR™ “aged 42sGoctor and former lecturer in biology and physical anthropology at University of Indonesia,member of the. leftwing Association of University Graduates(HSI) which was banned together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliated oeganizations, following the October 1965 attempted coupsarrested end of October 1965 after he had . been suspended from his university position and initially placed under house arrest;detained without charge or: trial,ptobably in Salemba Prison under a presidential decree which. provides for indifinite. detentionj;married, === [PDF page 17] === Giem Lay OEI-medical student;arrsted, end 1965 or early 1966,probably because of. his membership of,PERHIMI (Indonesian University Student's Association),a leftwing organization with a predominately Chinese membership, which cooperated closely with Baperki,the large Chinese association banned as a communist "front" in 1965sdetained without charge or trial under @ presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention;in Buru Island detention camp;where he is acting as a doctor for the detainees, Wongsowijoto PRAWOTO-aged 46;doctorson the day of the October 1965: attemted coup ne was on duty at the Lubang Buaya training ground for volunteers (part of a nationwide political campaign of "confrontation" with the Federation of Malaysia),where the coup headquarters had been established; in hiding since October 1965 because of the large scale arrests,including those at lubang Buyaya,that followed defeat of the coup;arrested early 1969 for his alleged involvment in the coup;detained without charge or tria in Salemba Prison under a presidential decree which ag for indefinite detention;poor health, Dr, SATIO-aged about 52;doctor and vice-governor of East Java povince until the October attempted coup;arrested December 1965 for leftwing sympathies; detained without charge or tri,1 in Surabaya Prison under a presidentéal decree which provides for indefinite detention, Mashudi SUMANTO-aged about 36;doctor who gave medical assistance to persons | in hiding after the October attempted coup;in late 1968 he surrendered to | an army intelligence unit after his work had been discovered and the army | had threatened to arrest his mother when they could not locate hin; detained without charge or trial in Buru Island detention camp under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention;married with ena children, Caropeboka SUMIARISIH-aged 45;paediatrician,consultant at a clinic set up by the women's organization Gerwani which was banned,together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliated organizations,following the October 1965 attempted coups;member of the leftwing Association of University Graduates (HSI),alse banned;two weeks after the coup attemtther home was sacked during’ mass assaults on houses of leftwing personalities;as a result of the mass arrests and indiscriminate killings she went into hiding with her husband and for two years supported herself as a dressmaker: arrested in 1967;detained without charge or trial in Plantungan Camp under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention;husband also omprisoned;two children living with relatives. 7s, > Siti SURATIH -aged about 48jnurse at the'central army hospital until she was dismissed from her post after the October 1965 attempted coup because of her husband's leading position in the Indonesian Communist Partyshe herself was not involved in polities in any way;arrested in 1966: while her husband was still in hiding and detained without charge or trial under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; although her husband was killed in 1968,she was not officially informed of his death until 1971;three children initially with her in the detention camp,but she was not permitted to take them with her when she was transferred to Bukit Duri Women's Prison;they are now looked after by relatives; now in Plantungan Camp, probahly because she was reguired to work there as.a nurse, MEDICAL. PERSONNEL IN PRISON === [PDF page 18] === MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN, PRISON, Elisabeth Almiah SUTJININGSIH Danarti-about 35;dental student and member ~ of the leftwing student's organization Concentrasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia (CGMI),;banned after the October 1965 attempted coup;arrested 1966 with her husband beeause of her membership in the CGMI;detained without charge or trial in Plantungan Camp,under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention;husband's whereabouts unknown;she took her baby,a few monthsoold at the time of her arrest,into prison with her where he remained for several years until a foster home was found, === CORRECTED KEY PASSAGES (proof-read by Claude, Oct 2026) === --- [page 6] --- [Unreadable] deze vraag; en ook ik stel deze vraag. [Unreadable] het antwoord is zo duister als de lucht boven afdeling II op die decembermiddag in het jaar negentienhonderd-eenenzeventig... Allen zijn zij eenzaam. Terwijl zij werken van zonsopgang tot zonsondergang, zijn zij allen eenzaam. [Unreadable] leven wordt nog eens extra zwaar belast door het gevoel van onzekerheid over de toekomst en over hun geliefde verwanten ver overzee, ouders, vrouwen, kinderen en andere familieleden". De vrouw van een Buru-gevangene schreef laatst aan Amnesty International: "Nu is hij nog altijd daar, ver van zijn vrouw en gezin. Waar is de mensliefdadigheid van onze natie gebleven?" In maart '72 interviewde een medewerker van het Londense dagblad The Daily Telegraph een gevangene op Buru. Deze gevangene werd gevraagd: "Bent U gelukkig op Buru?" Het antwoord luidde: "Natuurlijk, ja, ja". De verslaggever zei: "De regering beweert dat U gelukkig bent". "Natuurlijk, ja, ja". "Wat moeten wij anders zeggen?" Dit was, tevens, de laatste gelegenheid die aan buitenlandse verslaggevers geboden werd om de gevangenen op het eiland te interviewen. [Unreadable] Amnesty International [Unreadable] oktober 1976. === [PDF page 7] === LIJST MET INDONESISCHE GEVANGENEN Journalists in prison Parliamentarians in prison Vrouwelijke gevangenen Medical personnel in prison 15 september 1976 Amnesty International, Hugo de Grootstraat 7, Amsterdam, tel.: 020 - 847905. --- [page 8] --- === [PDF page 8] === JOURNALISTS IN PRISON All the journalists listed below, with the exception of Miss Sudjinah, are held in detention without trial under the Presidential Decree Number 5 (1969), which empowers the Army Command for Restoration of Security and Order, KOPKAMTIB, to detain indefinitely those suspected of involvement in the attempted leftwing coup on 30 September 1965. The majority have been detained since 1965. The broad allegation made against those journalists associated with newspapers which were banned after the attempted coup, or with the national news agency Antara, before it was purged, is that their pro-Sukarno or pro-Communist Party writings helped to create a political climate which favoured the coup attempt. [Unreadable] AMI - aged about 48; journalist with Warta Bakti, a progressive evening newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested September 1969; detained without trial in Salemba Prison, Jakarta; married with two children. [Unreadable] AIYAR [?] - aged about 51; deputy chief editor of Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island. Rivai APIN - aged 49; editor of the literary journal Zaman Baru; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island. [Unreadable] ARMUNANTO [?] - aged about 58; former editor of Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; former Indonesian ambassador to Czechoslovakia, member of parliament and minister of mining until the time of his arrest; arrested March 1966; detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp. Sjamsoe BAKRI - aged about 39; journalist and member of the Communist [Unreadable] literary column of Harian Rakjat (People's daily), the Communist Party daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island; poor health; married with four children. [Unreadable] JULIARSO - aged about 43; foreign news editor of Harian Rakjat (People's Daily), the Communist Party daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; precise date of arrest unknown, probably 1967 or 1968; detained on Buru Island; married with children. === [PDF page 9] === JOURNALISTS IN PRISON Ayub JOEBAR - aged 49; literary critic and features writer; elected to the central board of Lekra, the leftwing cultural workers' association, in 1959; member of parliament; arrested November 1965; detained in Salemba Prison; married with one daughter. KARIM D.P. - aged about 51; editor and [Unreadable] Warta Bakti, the leftwing daily evening newspaper which was banned after the 1965 attempted coup; chairman of the Indonesian Journalists Association in 1965; arrested 1965; detained in Salemba Prison; married with children. KARIBANO [?] - aged about 47; editor in chief of Harian Rakjat (People's Daily), the Communist Party daily newspaper which was banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with children. Hasjim RAHMAN [?] - aged about 53; managing editor of Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; active member of the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI), and member of the leftwing cultural organization Lekra; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with children. Mrs MUSIJATI [?] - journalist for the national news agency Antara; arrested October 1965; detained in Plantungan Detention Camp. Bakri SIREGAR [?] - aged about 55; poet and literary critic; a regular contributor to journals and radio programs and member of the central board of the left wing cultural organization LEKRA; arrested 1969; detained either in Salemba Prison or at Satgas-Pusat (Central Intelligence Unit), Kebayoran-Lama, Jakarta. Miss SUDJINAH - aged 42; a regular contributor to Harian Rakjat (People's Daily), Bintang Timur and Api Kartini (the GERWANI magazine), which were all banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested late 1966; charged with "participating, directly or indirectly, in the 1965 attempted coup, and of working after that event to revive the Indonesian Communist Party", tried early 1975 and sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment; possibly detained in Bukit Duri Prison. Mrs SUKATNO - journalist on Ekonomi Nasional, a Jakarta daily newspaper; precise date of arrest unknown, probably 1966; arrested together with her husband, who was secretary general of Pemuda Rakyat, the People's Youth Movement; detained in Bukit Duri Prison; beaten during interrogation; her husband, Sukatno, was tried (date unknown) and sentenced to death, but there is no confirmation that sentence was carried out or whether it was commuted. SUPRIJO - aged about 50; chief economics correspondent of the national News Agency Antara, and an active member of the Indonesian Journalists Association (P.W.I.); arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with children, his wife was a member of parliament for the Communist Party. Alex Sunarjo SURYO - aged 48; formerly a journalist with Gelora Indonesia, a pro-Sukarno newspaper, he was studying in Yugoslavia at the time of the 1965 attempted coup; arrested shortly after his return to Indonesia in 1967; detained on Buru Island. Marlon TAMPUBOLON [?] - aged about 35; journalist for Bintang Timur, a Jakarta daily newspaper banned after the 1965 attempted coup; arrested 1965; detained on Buru Island. PARLIAMENTARIANS IN PRISON The Indonesian parliamentarians listed below, with the exception of Achmadi Hadisumarto, Oei Tju Tat and Dr. Subandrio, have been held in detention without trial under the Presidential Decree Number 5 (1969). This decree empowers the Army Command for the Restoration of Security and Order, KOPKAMTIB, to detain indefinitely without trial those suspected of involvement in the attempted coup on 30 September 1965. Most of them have been in prison since the end of 1965. Those who were arrested in 1965 were still members of parliament. Dismissal orders were not issued until some months later and in some instances have never been officially conveyed to the person in question. The majority of those listed below were elected to parliament in the first Indonesian general elections in 1955. A few became members after 1960 when the president appointed additional members of parliament to represent functional groups in society. The majority were arrested because of their links with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (SOBSI), the communist federation of trade unions and its affiliated unions, Barisan Tani Indonesia (BTI) the peasants' organization, or Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (GERWANI) the women's organization, all of which were legal organizations until they were proscribed after the 1965 attempted coup. Achmad ASTRAWINATA - elected member of parliament in 1955 with Indonesian Communist Party support, Minister of Justice from December 1965 until the time of his arrest, and a lawyer, arrested with 13 other cabinet members, who supported President Sukarno, in March 1966 immediately after former President Sukarno handed over effective power to President Suharto; detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp. DAHLIAR - aged about 53; elected member of parliament in 1955, and also member of the constituent assembly, a leading member of Barisan Tani Indonesia, and formerly a teacher of religion and Koran incantation; arrested October 1965 with other women members of parliament after they had protested about the destruction of their homes and other acts of violence; detained in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp; married. Sjamsul Hadi KASTARI - aged 55; elected member of parliament in 1955, member of the film workers trade union SARBUFIS, former Secretary general of the East Java branch of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (SOBSI) and member of the SOBSI presidium; arrested in October 1965; detained in Salemba Prison. [Unreadable] Kartinah KURDI - aged about 53; appointed to parliament in 1960 representing the Barisan Tani Indonesia, a member of Gerakan Wanita Indonesia which she helped to establish and build up; arrested October 1965 with other women members of parliament after they had protested about the destruction of their homes and other acts of violence following the coup; detained in Bukit Duri Prison; married with nine children. === [PDF page 10] === PARLIAMENTARIANS IN PRISON Eddy Abdurachman MARTALOGAWA - aged 46; elected member of parliament in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and member of the foreign affairs commission; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island, where he was transferred after four years in Salemba Prison; previously imprisoned in 1948 for 7 months for his activities in the pupils' organization, IPP, and after independence remained active in the student youth movement and in the Indonesian peace movement. OEI Tju Tat - aged 54; member of parliament, Minister without Portfolio at the time of his arrest, and a lawyer; arrested with 13 other cabinet members, who supported President Sukarno, in March 1966 immediately after former President Sukarno handed over effective power to President Suharto; currently on trial (charge unknown); detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp; married with three children; sentence [Unreadable] 135 years [?]. Ferdinand RUNTURAMBI - aged 58; elected member of parliament in 1955 with Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) support, member of parliamentary economic affairs commission, and a member of the group of independent progressives in parliament, active trade unionist, former secretary general of the Union of Public Works Employees and vice-chairman of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island, where he was transferred after 4 years in Salemba Prison; he has been active in the independence movement, and was imprisoned by the Japanese during World War II. Umiharti SARDJONO - aged 53; elected member of parliament in 1955 with Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) support, member of the PKI presidium in 1959; chairman of Gerakan Wanita Indonesia until the organization was banned in 1965, she had played an active part in its foundation and development; arrested October 1965 with other women members of parliament after their homes had been destroyed; detained in Bukit Duri Prison; imprisoned for several months by the Japanese in 1945; an organizer of the resistance to Dutch military action during 1945-1949. SETIADI Reksoprodjo - aged 54; elected member of parliament in 1955, and also member of the constituent assembly, later appointed Minister of Electrical Energy and Power, a post which he held until his arrest, with all other leftwing and pro-Sukarno ministers, in March 1966 when former President Sukarno was forced to hand over effective power to President Suharto; detained in Nirbaya Detention Camp. Richard Paingot SITUMEANG - aged 57; elected member of parliament in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party, active trade unionist, former secretary general of PERBUM, the oilworkers trade union, and a member of the national council of Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, also member of the administrative committee of the International Oil and Chemical Workers' Union; arrested October 1965; detained on Buru Island. SUBANDRIO - aged 67; member of parliament, deputy prime minister and foreign minister at the time of his arrest, appointed first Indonesian ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1950, and subsequently the first Indonesian Ambassador to the Soviet Union in the mid-1950s, secretary general of the Indonesian foreign [Unreadable] --- [page 11] --- Taher THAJEB - aged about 66; elected member of parliament in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), PKI representative on the state planning board, senior official in the ministry of public works until the early 1960s when he resigned from his position following a ban on civil servants being members of political parties, engineer; arrested October 1965; detained in Salemba Prison. TJOO Tik Tjoen - aged 55; member of parliament between 1956 and 1963, and member of the Indonesian Communist Party; arrested 4 December 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with nine children. Gie WINAYA - aged about 50; member of parliament and senior civil servant; he was dismissed from his post in the Department of cooperatives and transmigration immediately after the 1965 attempted coup, and arrested shortly afterwards in October 1965, probably because of his association with generally leftwing development policies in parliament and the fact that he had studied in Czechoslovakia; detained on Buru Island. [Unreadable] Bukit Duri [Unreadable] VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN IN INDONESIE Alle vrouwelijke gevangenen in Indonesië zijn gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk onderzoek, met uitzondering van ongeveer 10. De meeste van hen werden meteen gevangen gezet na de poging tot staatsgreep van 1965, maar de arrestaties duurden voort tot aan het eind van de zestiger jaren. Zij werden allen in de gevangenis gestopt onder verdenking van te hebben behoord tot de Indonesische Communistische Partij (PKI), of de massa-organisaties die zij controleerden, zoals de vakbondsfederatie (SOBSI), de boerenvereniging (BTI), professionele of culturele verenigingen, of de massa-organisatie voor vrouwen, Gerwani. Gerwani werd gesticht in 1950 en ontwikkelde snel, door zijn anti-analfabetisme campagnes en haar werk om de rechten van vrouwen en kinderen te verdedigen, een groot en actief ledenaantal van ongeveer 1.5 miljoen in het midden van de jaren zestig, met centra in de meeste gemeenten en afdelingen in 40% van alle dorpen. Gerwani werkte nauw samen met SOBSI en BTI, om de condities van vrouwelijke arbeiders en boerinnen te verbeteren. In 1965 werd de PKI en zijn aangesloten organisaties verboden. In de golf van massa-arrestaties die volgde, werden vele mensen, inclusief vrouwen gedood. Van het grote aantal vrouwen dat gearresteerd is, zijn er ongeveer duizend nog steeds in de gevangenis, de meeste van hen al langer dan negen jaar. Direct na de gebeurtenissen in 1965 publiceerde de door de regering gecontroleerde pers sensationele rapporten over vrouwen en meisjes die herhaaldelijk bij gruwelijkheden betrokken waren, speciaal op de Lubang Buaya Training Ground, het communistische militaire trainingscentrum. Een aantal van deze meisjes, toen nog tieners, zijn voor negen jaar vastgehouden zonder vorm van proces; in Lubang Buaya velen werden gemarteld en gedwongen bekentenissen te ondertekenen, hetgeen zij later bij de rechtszitting ontkenden. In November 1974 kondigde een krant in Djakarta de komende rechtszittingen aan van vier Gerwani leiders; één van hen, Mw. Sulami, was secretaresse van de Centrale Raad van de organisatie. Ofschoon er wel enige politieke rechtszaken van vrouwen geweest waren, waren dit de eerste rechtszittingen in de negen jaren van Gerwani leiders. [Unreadable] [Unreadable] Sutanti [AIDIT] [?] [Unreadable] - ongeveer 45 jaar; arts, lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd [in] 1967; gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk vooronderzoek [in Bukit Duri] Gevangenis, Djakarta; vermoedelijk mishandeld gedurende ondervraging; zeer slechte gezondheid; haar moeder [Unreadable] haar echtgenoot, gewezen voorzitter van de Communistische Partij Indonesia werd gedood in december 1965. [Unreadable] 30 jaar; onderwijzeres van de Indonesian Teachers Association (PGRI); gearresteerd in december 1965; gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk vooronderzoek in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Centraal Java. [Unreadable] AMBAR - ongeveer 50 jaar; vakbondslid; hoofd van de vrouwenafdeling van SOBSI; gearresteerd in 1966; hevig gemarteld gedurende ondervraging; vastgehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. === [PDF page 12] === VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN [Unreadable] ANI - ongeveer 24 jaar; schoolmeisje toen ze gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] Kartinah KURDI [?] - ongeveer 51 jaar; lid van het parlement; leider in Gerwani en in Barisan Tani Indonesia (Peasants Union); gearresteerd in oktober 1965 met vier andere vrouwelijke leden van het parlement; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot is verdwenen, negen kinderen. [Unreadable] ANIS - 40 jaar; huisvrouw, gearresteerd in 1970 en gevangen gehouden in de Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; haar echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. [Unreadable] KUSNAPSIAH - 67 jaar; huisvrouw; actief lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd eind 1965, gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot ook gearresteerd in 1965. ATIKAH - ongeveer 45 jaar; textielarbeidster; lid van S.S. Textil, een vakbond aangesloten bij de SOBSI; gearresteerd in 1967; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] WAONAH - 47 jaar; huisvrouw; actief lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in 1967-1968; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Purwadas BAKRI [?] - ongeveer 40 jaar; kantoorbediende; gearresteerd in 1968; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; broer en echtgenoot zitten ook gevangen. Anna Juri MARIAM - ongeveer 65 jaar; lerares en actief lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; wordt ervan verdacht van tevoren kennis te hebben gehad van de voorgenomen coup; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. [Unreadable] BUSONG WISOHO [?] - kinderpsycholoog; lid van Indonesian Association of Graduates (HSI); gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. [Unreadable] WUNADJA Widodo - gevangen onder vonnis no. 5/1969 (administratief legerbesluit); beschuldigd van "deel te hebben genomen aan de poging tot de coup van 1965 en betrokken te zijn geweest bij pogingen de Communistische Partij te doen herleven"; gevangen gehouden in een onbekende gevangenis. Mrs DAHLIAR - parlementslid, vertegenwoordiger van de Barisan Tani Indonesia (Peasant's Union); gearresteerd in 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. DARSIJEM - ongeveer 24 jaar; schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in ofwel Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta of het Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; slechte gezondheid. Nurtjahja MURAD [?] - 38 jaar; lerares; gearresteerd op [?] september 1968 omdat haar zwager voorzitter was van de Communistische Partij in Indonesië en omdat zij Russisch studeerde in Moskou; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen; vijf kinderen, jongste kind werd geboren juist voor haar arrestatie en is mee naar de gevangenis genomen. DIMROH - 24 jaar; schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] NGAISAH - 25 jaar; lid van Pemuda Rakyat, linkse jongerenorganisatie; gearresteerd in mei 1970; gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk vooronderzoek in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. DJAMILAH - ongeveer 26 jaar; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in ofwel Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta ofwel Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Siti Marten NJONO [?] - 56 jaar; huisvrouw; gearresteerd in oktober 1965 omdat haar echtgenoot secretaris van het Djakarta Comité van de Communistische Partij was; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot is geëxecuteerd. [Unreadable] voor het onderdak verlenen aan een "gezocht" persoon; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot is verdwenen, 10 kinderen. Tarni NJOTO - 44 jaar; huisvrouw; gearresteerd in 1968 omdat haar echtgenoot Minister was en tweede vice-voorzitter van de Communistische Partij in de tijd van de poging tot de coup; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot is geëxecuteerd. Mrs INSIJAH - 46 jaar; lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in 1967; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. IPAH - 23 jaar; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. Betty Zubaidah NUNGTJIK [?] - ongeveer 57 jaar; lerares; gearresteerd in 1967 omdat haar echtgenoot lid was van het "Central Committee" van de Communistische Partij; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot in Peking. [Unreadable] en gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; slechte gezondheid. Mrs PUDJIATI - 51 jaar; fabrieksarbeidster; lid van Unilever Vakbeweging, aangesloten bij de SOBSI; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java, slechte gezondheid. === [PDF page 13] === VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN Rachma RADJAB [?] - 56 jaar; lid van Gerwani en PGRI; gearresteerd in 1965; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen; één kind. Siti ROMLAH - ongeveer 47 jaar; regeringsambtenaar; lid van "Nationaal Front", gesticht door president Sukarno om de activiteiten van alle politieke partijen te coördineren; gearresteerd eind 1968 vanwege het lid zijn van het National Front; gevangen gehouden in [Plantungan Women's] Detention Camp, Central Java. Mrs RUSIJATI - journaliste; lid van de Indonesian Journalists Association [PWI]; gearresteerd in oktober 1965 vanwege het lidmaatschap van de [PWI]; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot in Peking. SAIJAH - 22 jaar; lid van Pemuda Rakyat, linkse jongerenorganisatie; gearresteerd in oktober 1965 omdat ze bij Lubang Buaya was; gevangen gehouden zonder gerechtelijk vooronderzoek in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. SATIJAH [?] - [Unreadable] jaar; [Unreadable]; lid van de Post Office Workers Trade Union [?]; gearresteerd in mei 1969; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. SEDIJAMI [?] - [Unreadable] jaar; [Unreadable]; lid van de lerarenbond (PGRI-NV); [Unreadable] gearresteerd in december 1965; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] schrijfster, dichteres, huisvrouw, lid van LEKRA, een linkse culturele organisatie, en mede-redactrice van Gerwani's magazine; vrijgelaten in 1970, opnieuw gearresteerd [Unreadable]; echtgenoot [Unreadable]; gehouden in Djakarta. Sugiarti S. SISWA [?] [Unreadable] leidster [Unreadable] [Unreadable] Mrs [Unreadable] - Secretaris-Generaal van Gerwani en mede-redactrice van Gerwani's Magazine; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. Umiharti SARDJONO - voorzitster van Gerwani [Unreadable] gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri [Prison] [Unreadable] [Unreadable] gearresteerd [Unreadable] Prison, Djakarta [Unreadable] schrijfster en journaliste; actief [in] Harian Rakyat [?], Communistische Partij [Unreadable] gehouden in Bukit Duri [Prison]. SUDJINAH - [Unreadable] lid van Gerwani [Unreadable] SUGIJAH - ongeveer 22 [jaar]; schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965 [omdat zij bij Lubang] Buaya was; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Sri SUHARTI - 35 jaar; advocate; gearresteerd in 1969 omdat haar broer een linkse generaal was en om haar activiteiten in "Trade Union of Civil Aviation Employees"; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot ook in de gevangenis, vijf kinderen bij familieleden. === [PDF page 14] === VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN [Unreadable] SUHARTI Warso [?] - ongeveer 50 jaar; lerares; lid van het parlement voor de Communistische Partij en actief lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in 1967; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; haar echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. SUKONI [?] - ongeveer [Unreadable] jaar; actief lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd begin 1966; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; één zoon bij familieleden. SULAMI - secretaresse van de Centrale Raad van Gerwani; gearresteerd in 1966; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; gedurende vele jaren geïsoleerd gehouden; verwacht wordt dat ze binnenkort voor de rechter gebracht zal worden. SUMIARSIH Caropeboka - 45 jaar; arts, waarnemend penningmeester van het centraal bestuur van de Indonesische Bond van Afgestudeerden (HSI); gearresteerd in 1967 in verband met HSI activiteiten; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen, twee kinderen bij [familieleden]. Mrs SUNDARI [?] - ongeveer 4[?] jaar; [Unreadable] op kantoor; lid van Gerwani; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; [Unreadable] echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. Mrs SUNDARIM [?] - [Unreadable] jaar, parlementslid voor de Communistische Partij [Unreadable]; gearresteerd in 1[Unreadable]; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot is in de gevangenis gestorven. SUNING - 41 jaar; voorzitster van de Djakarta afdeling van Gerwani; gearresteerd in oktober 1965; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; echtgenoot zit ook gevangen; één zoon bij familieleden. Siti SURATIH - [Unreadable]; gearresteerd in 1966 omdat haar echtgenoot lid was van het "Communist Party Politbureau"; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Elisabeth Arisr [?] [Unreadable] SL - ongeveer 30 jaar, studente tandheelkunde; [lid van CGMI], linkse studentenorganisatie; gearresteerd in 1966; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. SUWARDININGSIH - 40 jaar; vrouwenleidster en full-time werkster voor de Communistische Partij; gearresteerd in 1967; beschuldigd van "Het bijdragen in regionale voorbereidingen voor de coup"; voor een speciale Militaire Krijgsraad gebracht en veroordeeld tot levenslange gevangenisstraf. WADILAH [?] - 24 jaar; schoolmeisje toen zij gearresteerd werd in oktober 1965, omdat zij [bij] Lubang Buaya was; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. WALMIATI [?] - 24 jaar; leerling-verpleegster; gearresteerd in oktober 1965, omdat zij aanwezig was in Lubang Buaya; gevangen gehouden in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; slechte gezondheid, werd [Unreadable] === [PDF page 15] === VROUWELIJKE GEVANGENEN WARIJAH - ongeveer 26 jaar; dienstmeisje; gearresteerd in oktober 1965, omdat zij in Lubang Buaya was; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] dat zij aanwezig was bij Lubang Buaya; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; gemarteld, echtgenoot zit ook gevangen. Ima WOLSEN-SUNARDI [?] - 57 jaar; eigenaar kleinbedrijf; gearresteerd in 1968, omdat een "gezocht" regionaal leider van de Communistische Partij haar thuis bezocht had tijdens zijn onderduiking en omdat haar naam genoemd had gedurende ondervragingen na zijn arrestatie; gevangen gehouden in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Sri WULAN - ongeveer 30 jaar, lerares; lid van Pemuda Rakyat, linkse jongerenorganisatie; gearresteerd in 1967 vanwege haar lidmaatschap in Pemuda Rakyat; gevangen gehouden in Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. september 1976 === [PDF page 16] === MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN PRISON Indonesia has used detention without trial on a massive scale since the attempted coup in October 1965 when the Indonesian authorities began large-scale repression of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and its affiliated organizations. By 1975 more than 55,000 political prisoners had spent 10 years in prison, without charge or trial. Even this figure may be an underestimate. Whereas Indonesian government statistics in recent years have put the number at around 30,000, reliable observers put the total nearer 100,000. Amnesty International has details of some 260 prisoners. But even among this small group there are a number of doctors and medical personnel who are in indefinite detention without trial for their supposed political affiliations or for giving medical assistance to persons in hiding. Sutanti AIDIT - aged about 46; doctor, former lecturer in histology at the University of Indonesia; ran a medical clinic for, and was a prominent member of, the women's organization Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (Gerwani) which was banned, together with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and affiliated organizations, following the October attempted coup; arrested in 1967 probably because she is the widow of Dipa Nusantara AIDIT, chairman of the PKI, who was killed in December 1965; detained without charge or trial in Bukit Duri Prison under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite [detention] [Unreadable]; poor health. Mrs DJURIAH - nurse; arrested in 1966 or 1968 with a group of neighbours from a community in Jakarta for their alleged association with leftwing mass organizations; many were later released, but Mrs DJURIAH remained in prison; large family, but her husband remarried after her arrest; detained in Bukit Duri Prison without charge or trial. Dr DJAJUS - aged about 58; doctor and member of the leftwing Association of University Graduates (HSI) which was banned, together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliated organizations, following the October 1965 attempted coup; arrested October 1965; detained without charge or trial in Nusakembangan Prison Island under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite [detention]; [Unreadable] reportedly released after a period of detention. Ashar Suroso MUNANDAR - aged 42; doctor and former lecturer in biology and physical anthropology at University of Indonesia, member of the leftwing Association of University Graduates (HSI) which was banned together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliated organizations, following the October 1965 attempted coup; arrested end of October 1965 after he had been suspended from his university position and initially placed under house arrest; detained without charge or trial, probably in Salemba Prison under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; married. === [PDF page 17] === Giem Lay OEI - medical student; arrested end 1965 or early 1966, probably because of his membership of PERHIMI (Indonesian University Students' Association), a leftwing organization with a predominantly Chinese membership, which cooperated closely with Baperki, the large Chinese association banned as a communist "front" in 1965; detained without charge or trial under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; in Buru Island detention camp, where he is acting as a doctor for the detainees. Wongsowijoto PRAWOTO - aged 46; doctor; on the day of the October 1965 attempted coup he was on duty at the Lubang Buaya training ground for volunteers (part of a nationwide political campaign of "confrontation" with the Federation of Malaysia), where the coup headquarters had been established; in hiding since October 1965 because of the large scale arrests, including those at Lubang Buaya, that followed defeat of the coup; arrested early 1969 for his alleged involvement in the coup; detained without charge or trial in Salemba Prison under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; poor health. Dr SATIO - aged about 52; doctor and vice-governor of East Java province until the October attempted coup; arrested December 1965 for leftwing sympathies; detained without charge or trial in Surabaya Prison under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention. Mashudi SUMANTO - aged about 36; doctor who gave medical assistance to persons in hiding after the October attempted coup; in late 1968 he surrendered to an army intelligence unit after his work had been discovered and the army had threatened to arrest his mother when they could not locate him; detained without charge or trial in Buru Island detention camp under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; married with [Unreadable] children. Caropeboka SUMIARSIH - aged 45; paediatrician, consultant at a clinic set up by the women's organization Gerwani which was banned, together with the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliated organizations, following the October 1965 attempted coup; member of the leftwing Association of University Graduates (HSI), also banned; two weeks after the coup attempt her home was sacked during mass assaults on houses of leftwing personalities; as a result of the mass arrests and indiscriminate killings she went into hiding with her husband and for two years supported herself as a dressmaker; arrested in 1967; detained without charge or trial in Plantungan Camp under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; husband also imprisoned; two children living with relatives. Siti SURATIH - aged about 48; nurse at the central army hospital until she was dismissed from her post after the October 1965 attempted coup because of her husband's leading position in the Indonesian Communist Party; she herself was not involved in politics in any way; arrested in 1966 while her husband was still in hiding and detained without charge or trial under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; although her husband was killed in 1968, she was not officially informed of his death until 1971; three children initially with her in the detention camp, but she was not permitted to take them with her when she was transferred to Bukit Duri Women's Prison; they are now looked after by relatives; [Unreadable] now in Plantungan Camp, probably because she was required to work there as a nurse. MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN PRISON === [PDF page 18] === MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN PRISON Elisabeth Almiah SUTJININGSIH Danarti - about 35; dental student and member of the leftwing students' organization Consentrasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia (CGMI), banned after the October 1965 attempted coup; arrested 1966 with her husband because of her membership in the CGMI; detained without charge or trial in Plantungan Camp, under a presidential decree which provides for indefinite detention; husband's whereabouts unknown; she took her baby, a few months old at the time of her arrest, into prison with her where he remained for several years until a foster home was found.

=== [Page 1] === POLITICAL PRISONERS ON THE ISLAND OF BURU Indonesia's system of permanent imprisonment === [Page 2] === Amnesty International 3e Hugo de Grootstraat 7 Amsterdam, tel. 847905, October 1976 POLITICAL PRISONERS ON THE ISLAND OF BURU, Indonesia's system of permanent imprisonment. In July 1969 the Indonesian government launched a plan to set up on Buru a permanent camp for political prisoners who had not had a trial. At that moment 2,500 prisoners had already been transferred from Javanese prisons to the island, in strict secrecy. Their number is now more than 10,000. In 1975 Amnesty International received information that the prisoners on Buru were being forced to build new camps for thousands of prisoners whom the authorities want to transfer to the island in 1976. It is now known that more than 1,000 prisoners have been transferred to Buru this year, under strict secrecy. The authorities have reported that since the first prisoners arrived on Buru, 143 have died, but it is certain that in reality this number is higher. As at the start of the "Buru project", the conditions for the prisoners are very bad. The island of Buru is part of Maluku (the Moluccas), belonging to the Eastern Indonesian islands. It is very mountainous and for the most part consists of inhospitable jungle. In the coastal areas live about 40,000 people. On the island there are no roads from the capital Namlea to other towns or villages; the only means of transport is the wooden boat on the river. There is no regular connection with the other parts of the Republic; there is a transport service between Namlea and Ambon, the capital of Maluku. There are more than 18 camps on the island where the political prisoners are held. === [Page 3] === With the establishment of prison camps on Buru a new element of permanent detention of political prisoners from Java has been added. Instead of a trial and release of those prisoners, against whom no charges exist, the government has decided to hold these people for a long time. The prisoners were brought to Buru from various prisons in the Republic, where they were relatively close to their relatives, in strict secrecy, which meant that most had no opportunity to see their wives for the last time. They were transported by the boat "Tobelo" in September 1969, December 1970 and during 1971. On Buru they were gathered in a transit camp near Namlea before being transferred to one of the camps in the Apu Valley. The prisoners were forced to build camps, as well as carts and rafts of bamboo. Where cultivated land is now found, in 1969 there was nothing but jungle. The prisoners had to fell the trees and bring the land into cultivation. Now every group of 500 prisoners cultivates an area of between 50 and 300 ha for rice growing and a strip of up to 400 ha for the cultivation of maize, cassava and vegetables. Although large areas of rice are grown, the largest part of the prisoners' food consists of potatoes, cassava and vegetables. The timber, the rice and many other products are used by the authorities for export purposes. When food is scarce the prisoners must eat what they can get. Salt and sugar the prisoners mostly obtain from the authorities. To obtain money the prisoners sell poultry and eggs to officers and members of the guard service. Prisoners hardly eat eggs or chickens themselves. When a prisoner arrives, two shirts and two pairs of trousers are issued; he has to make do with that; clothing sent by the family is not handed over. Religious books may be read. In Kompas the Public Prosecutor wrote: "Some [books?] are permitted; the prisoners have no time to read. By day they work on the land and in the evening there is no electricity." The prisoners must work 8 to 9 hours on the plantations. A number of people have been exempted from work on the plantations. The sick stay in the camp, where they wash laundry, cook and clean. Only those who are so ill that they cannot move are exempted. The authorities give no medicines for the treatment of the sick. Those who have skin disorders or other ailments receive no medical assistance. There is hardly any contact between the prisoner and his family. Although one may receive mail, few letters reach the prisoners, half a year after the date of writing. Only 15% of the prisoners have ever received a package. A prisoner may send a standard card to relatives; it is strictly forbidden to write more. In theory visits from family are possible; in practice this appears never to have occurred; nobody on Buru has ever been honoured with the visit of a relative. The authorities do permit the family to settle on Buru also, thereby underlining the permanent nature of the imprisonment. In July 1972, 84 women went with their children to Buru to join their husbands. In February 1974 the second group of 62 women came. At the beginning of 1975 a group of women came from Djakarta. The women, children and men are accommodated in the special Savana Jaya camp (Camp no. 4). There are in total 400 children in the camp. When two families arrived on Buru there proved to be no more room; the women and children were sent back to Java. The conditions for the women and the children are the same as those of the prisoners; they too must work for their food; only the children are allowed to go to school in Namlea. POLITICAL SUPERVISION OF THE PRISONERS Kopkamtib, the powerful state security service, took the initiative for the "Buru project"; the public prosecutor was designated as the figure to carry out the project. The military authorities, of which Kopkamtib forms the staff, bore the responsibility for those political prisoners who were under no circumstances to be released and handed them over to the public prosecutor. They do not, however, fall under the control of the civil authorities. The commander of Ambon is charged with all the security measures with which the project is surrounded; the guards are recruited from the Military Police Corps. The army has a direct seat in the Bapreru (Buru "Re-settlement" executive authority), whose executive chief, Brigadier-General Abdulrahman Suwodo, is also commander of the 15th Military Command. The official motives for the Buru project are further explained in the introduction to a Bapreru brochure of December 1969 by the public prosecutor Sugih Arto (himself a general from the army). In it he declared that the transport of so-called B-prisoners to Buru "was not to isolate them from their people, but to let them live together with their relatives, because their own safety might be endangered on return to society at this moment". === [Page 4] === The explanation makes clear that the prisoners were transferred to Buru for their own safety, but from the next sentence it appears that there is more behind it. The public prosecutor declared that the men who had been transported to Buru "had played an important role in the planning and execution of the 30 September/PKI movement, before or during the period in which this took place; we cannot accuse them, [but] it is still too dangerous to let them return to society. They still constitute a threat to society." This was thus the view of the government that society had to be protected against people against whom no charges could be brought. The most important point of the Buru project is that the men must provide for their own livelihood, whereby the government's responsibility to provide for prisoners who are held without a court case lapses. Only during the period of up to 8 months after their arrival on Buru did the authorities provide food; after that they had to produce their own food and for that they received practically nothing. In official statements it has always been emphasised that Buru is not a concentration camp but an agrarian "new settlement" in which political prisoners had to be able to provide for themselves. The government has declared that nobody performs forced labour on Buru. The public prosecutor also declared in the Bapreru brochure that the Buru project is completely different from an ordinary camp because there is no forced labour. The Bapreru brochure does justify the system of forced labour on humanitarian grounds. It refers to an old Dutch colonial regulation stating that every prisoner, where possible, must be enabled to work. The brochure then lays emphasis on the Panca Sila principle [1]: every member of society, free or imprisoned, is obliged to do work. On the basis of these "principles" the government forces political prisoners to work, on Buru, but also in the prison camp of Tangerang and the work camp of Nusakambangan. These principles also justify the employment of political prisoners throughout the Republic in so-called "work projects". The view of the government is stated very clearly in the Bapreru declaration: "For that reason the provision of work to the detainees of the 30 September/PKI movement is to be seen as one of the Government's attempts to show them respect as human beings – for whose physical and social life it is important to work." [1] Note: The Panca Sila principles were formulated by Sukarno in 1945; these principles are: belief in God, nationalism, humanity, democracy and social justice. On the whole it is reasonable that the government of whatever country protects the right to work of its free citizens; but it is decidedly wrong for a government to arrogate to itself the right to oblige prisoners, who are held without any form of trial, to work; if they do not want to die of hunger. The chance of survival of the political prisoners on Buru depends on a long day of hard labour under the strict supervision of armed guards. This applies to all, young and old, sick and healthy, with the exception of those who are so ill that they cannot get up from their sleeping mat on the floor. One foreign reporter, who visited the island in 1971 and published his observations in Newsweek of 14 February 1972, described the situation in the following words: "For those who previously had no experience of working the land, as well as for the older men and the intellectuals, the exhausting work is no less than a form of severe corporal punishment." People from whom the Government has withdrawn its hands must perform ploughing service; they are forced to do heavy work while, as a result of a continuing shortage of food, they are undernourished. A large part of the detainees is chronically ill as a result of ailments for which they receive not the slightest medical treatment. They have neither the right clothing nor soap to wash themselves. In short: they are forced to perform heavy physical labour day in, day out, while they are treated so badly by the Government that the majority of them are not capable of it. It is therefore not surprising that the death rate among the prisoners on Buru – according to official figures 143 – is so high. When it became known that the mortality on Buru was so high, the authorities declared in 1972 that the deaths of the prisoners were not attributable to bad conditions but to the consequences of ailments from which they were already suffering before their arrival on Buru. Nevertheless the Bapreru brochure emphasised that all prisoners transferred to Buru had undergone a medical examination regarding their physical condition. Around December 1972 the Indonesian embassy in London stated that the cause of death was not illness but old age, in contrast to earlier reports in which it was stated that no prisoner older than 45 years would be transported to the island. [Translator's note: the two columns of this page are interleaved in the OCR and have been reassembled; some sentences are conjectural.] === [Page 5] === FAMILIES ON BURU The Indonesian authorities have always stressed that their plans to transfer the families of Buru detainees to the island testify to humanity. But the prisoners themselves and generally also their family members view the matter totally differently. When in December 1971 a number of Indonesian and foreign journalists were allowed to visit Buru, no interviewed detainee showed any wish to have his family with him. Although separation from their family members is precisely one of the harrowing aspects of their wretched situation, they are clearly aware that life on Buru is altogether unacceptable and much too hard for women and children. In a speech to foreign journalists in Djakarta (December 1971) the public prosecutor admitted that an inquiry among the women regarding their willingness to join their husbands had shown that 75% of them were not inclined to do so, particularly in view of problems concerning the children. Nevertheless the government went on preparing transports of women and children to Buru: the first 84 families arrived on the island in July 1972. In October of the same year the military commander charged with the Buru matter, Brigadier-General Wadli Prawirasupradja, declared at a press conference that by the end of 1972, 4,500 family members were to be transported to the island and that eventually the families of all detainees would have to join their husband or father, which would bring the population of the camp to a total of 50,000 (prison officials and guards included). At this same press conference the public prosecutor made clear that – although relatives would be free citizens – they would not be permitted after arrival on Buru to leave the "project". He also admitted that the transfer of family members brought enormous problems; some of these he explained as follows: – School education for the children; if this were left to the parents, the children would, according to him, grow up to be "hardened communists"; – Contact with the outside world; this could not be permitted with a view to "subversive activities"; – Livelihood: the government could not always provide for the families; he feared, however, that if a financial allowance were provided for their maintenance, "too much money" would be used by the families for "subversive activities". After 1972, in February 1974 the second group (62 families) was transported to Buru. At the beginning of 1975 yet more families were sent to the island. Despite all the continued pressure exerted by the government on the families, the total number of families on the island is fewer than 200; this illustrates the systematically persisted refusal of the prisoners and their wives regarding this matter. It is quite clear that women and children who are transported to the island are deprived of the normal freedom of every citizen and must suffer the restrictions imposed on them in Camp no. 4 at Savana Jaya. Neither the women nor the children are permitted to leave the island and they have to share the wretched life of the prisoners. From an article on Buru published in the Indonesian weekly Tempo of 21 October 1972 we quote the following: "It may be said that it looks as if, by the transfer of the prisoners' families, the problem of the political prisoners is going to become even more complicated than it already is." In March 1976 the deputy commander of Kopkamtib, Admiral Sudomo, said in an interview in Tempo that the transfer of the families to Buru was meant to make the prisoners "feel more at home". However, wives of detainees have informed Amnesty International that, despite the government's pressure, they prefer not to be transported to Buru. One of the women said: "They have obliged us to fill in forms stating that we declare ourselves in agreement with the transport. I filled in the form and wrote on it: 'not in agreement', but it looks as if they will force us to go anyway." RETURN TO SOCIETY According to a statement of December 1971 by the then public prosecutor, Sutrisno Hamidjojo, who at that time was in charge of the Buru project, the final phase for the Buru detainees is their "return to society". Return to society would mean: rehabilitation or release, in other words the end of imprisonment. === [Page 6] === But the Indonesian [authorities?] ... [Unreadable] ... "In this final phase," said the deputy public prosecutor, the political prisoners on the island would have to remain, however no longer under discipline such as appearing at roll-call. [Unreadable] ... "What else are they to say?" This was the last opportunity offered to foreign reporters to interview the prisoners on the island. As is the case with political prisoners elsewhere in the Republic, the authorities have stated that the political prisoners on Buru would be regarded as rehabilitated if they put aside their communist ideology for the ideas of the Panca Sila. But the authorities fail to apply clear criteria for checking the ideological leanings of their detainees, especially when it concerns prisoners who are suspected of "hardened communism" and of "treason". To this day it is clear that the government has not wished to take the trouble to draw up a programme on the basis of which the prisoners could still be released before the end of their lives and live as free citizens in the Republic. On Buru this holds for young as well as old men (some of them were not yet 15 years old at the time of arrest). This applies, for example, to the boy who was transported to the island with his only parent, his father, who was a political prisoner; his father died in captivity, and the boy still stays on the island. The future also looks very dark for those women and children on the island who now form the permanent population of a prisoners' colony. In Kompas the Indonesian journalist Marcel Beding wrote, after his visit to Buru in December 1971: "How long must they still stay there (on Buru)? They themselves ask this question. Their families ask this question, and I too ask this question. And the answer is as dark as the sky above Unit II on that December afternoon in the year nineteen hundred and seventy-one... All of them are lonely. While they work from sunrise to sunset, all are lonely. Their life is weighed down all the more by the feeling of uncertainty about the future and about their beloved relatives far overseas: parents, wives, children and other relatives." The wife of a Buru prisoner wrote recently to Amnesty International: "Now he is still there, far from his wife and family. Where has the charity of our nation gone?" In March 1972 a staff member of the London daily The Daily Telegraph interviewed a prisoner on Buru. This prisoner was asked: "Are you happy on Buru?" The answer was: "Of course not, no, no." The reporter said: "The [...]" [Translator's note: text ends here in the OCR; the page is heavily garbled and some passages are unreadable. The date "October 1976" appears at the end of the page.] === [Page 11] === PARLIAMENTARIANS IN PRISON [Translator's note: the English entries below are English in the source; reassembled from the interleaved columns.] Taher THAJEB – aged about 66; elected member of parliament in 1955 representing the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), PKI representative on the state planning board, senior official in the ministry of public works until the early 1960s when he resigned from his position following a ban on civil servants being members of political parties; engineer; arrested October 1965; detained in Salemba Prison. TJOO Tik Tjoen – aged 55; member of parliament between 1956 and 1965, and member of the Indonesian Communist Party; arrested 24 December 1965; detained on Buru Island; married with nine children. Gde WINAYA – aged about 50; member of parliament and senior civil servant; he was dismissed from his post in the department of cooperatives and transmigration immediately after the 1965 attempted coup, and arrested shortly afterwards in October 1965, probably because of his association with generally leftwing development policies in parliament and the fact that he had studied in Czechoslovakia; detained on Buru Island. FEMALE PRISONERS In Indonesia, female prisoners are held without judicial investigation, with the exception of about 10. Most of them were put in prison immediately after the attempted coup of 1965, but the arrests continued until the end of the sixties. They were all put in prison on suspicion of having belonged to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI); or the mass organisations that it controlled, such as the trade-union federation (SOBSI); the peasants' union (BTI), professional or cultural associations, or the mass organisation for women, Gerwani. Gerwani was founded in 1950 and developed rapidly through its anti-illiteracy campaigns and its work to defend the rights of women and children, with a large and active membership of about 1.5 million in the mid-sixties, with offices in most municipalities and branches in 40% of all villages. Gerwani worked closely with SOBSI and BTI to improve the conditions of women workers and peasant women. In 1965 the PKI and its affiliated organisations were banned. In the wave of mass arrests that followed, many people, including women, were killed. Of the large number of women who were arrested, about a thousand are still in prison, most of them for more than nine years. Directly after the events of 1965 the government-controlled press published sensational reports about women and girls who were repeatedly involved in atrocities, especially at the Lubang Buaya training ground, the communist military training centre. A number of these girls, then still teenagers, have been held for nine years without any form of trial in connection with Lubang Buaya; many were tortured and forced to sign confessions, which they later denied at the court hearing. In November 1974 a newspaper in Djakarta announced the forthcoming trials of four Gerwani leaders; one of them, Mrs Sulami, was secretary of the Central Council of the organisation. Although there had been some political trials of women, these were the first trials in the nine years of Gerwani leaders. [List of women prisoners – page 11] Mrs [Unreadable] AIDIT – about 45 years; doctor, member of Gerwani; arrested [year unreadable], detained without judicial investigation in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; presumably ill-treated during interrogation; very poor health; her mother is also in prison [OCR uncertain]; her husband, former chairman of the Communist Party of Indonesia, was killed in December 1965. [Translator's note: the entry as printed in the OCR is partly garbled; the identification as a relative of D. N. Aidit is conjectural from "voorzitter van de Communistische Partij Indonesia".] AEIMAH [sic] – 30 years; teacher, member of the Indonesian Teachers Association (PGRI); arrested in December 1965; held without judicial investigation in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] AMBAR – about 50 years; trade unionist; head of the women's bureau of SOBSI; arrested in 1966; severely tortured during interrogation; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband is also in prison. === [Page 12] === ANI – about 24 years; schoolgirl when she was arrested in October 1965; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable] KURDI – about 51 years; member of parliament; active in Gerwani and in Barisan Tani Indonesia (Peasants' Union); arrested in October 1965 with four other female members of parliament; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband has disappeared; nine children. [Translator's note: the OCR interleaves entries; attributions below are as reconstructed.] Ina ANIS – 40 years; housewife; arrested in 1970 and held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband is also in prison. ATIKAH – about 45 years; textile worker; member of S.S. Textil [sic], a trade union affiliated to SOBSI; arrested in 1967; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. KUSNAPSIAH – 67 years; housewife; active member of Gerwani; arrested at the end of 1965, held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; arrested in 1965; husband also [in prison]. MAONAH – 47 years; housewife; active member of Gerwani; arrested in 1967-1968; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Purwadas BAKRI – about 40 years; office clerk; arrested in 1968; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; brother and husband are also in prison. MARIAM – about 65 years; teacher and active member of Gerwani; arrested in October 1965; suspected of having had prior knowledge of the planned coup; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. Apu BUSONG WISOHO [sic] – child psychologist; member of the Indonesian Association of Graduates (HSI); arrested in October 1965; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband also in prison. MKUNADJA [sic] Widodo – imprisoned under sentence no. 5/1969 (administrative [army] decision); accused of "having taken part in the attempted coup of 1965 and having been involved in attempts to revive the Communist Party"; held in an unknown prison. DARSIJEM – about 24 years; schoolgirl when she was arrested in October 1965; held in either Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta or Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; poor health. Urtjahja MURAD [sic] – 38 years; teacher; arrested on 7 September 1968 because her brother-in-law was chairman of the Communist Party in Indonesia and because she had studied Russian in Moscow; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband also in prison; five children, the youngest born just before her arrest and taken with her to prison. DIMROH – 24 years; schoolgirl when she was arrested in October 1965; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. NGAISAH – 25 years; member of Pemuda Rakyat, the left-wing youth organisation; arrested in May 1970; held without judicial investigation in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Siti Martan NJONO [sic] – 56 years; housewife; arrested in October 1965 because her husband was secretary of the Djakarta Committee of the Communist Party; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband has been executed. [Translator's note: the printed text has her arrested "for sheltering a 'wanted' person" – this fragment belongs to another entry; one entry says her husband has disappeared and she has 10 children.] Mrs INSIJAH – 46 years; member of Gerwani; arrested in 1967; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; her husband was a minister and second deputy chairman of the Communist Party at the time of the attempted coup [OCR attribution uncertain]; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; husband executed. IPAH – 23 years; arrested in October 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. Betty Zubaidah NUNGTJIK – about 57 years; teacher; arrested in 1967 because her husband was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband in Peking. Sri KASIH – 27 years; telephonist; arrested in October 1965 and held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; poor health. [Unreadable] – trade union member affiliated to SOBSI; arrested in October 1965; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; poor health. === [Page 13] === Rachma RADJAB – 56 years; member of Gerwani and PGRI; arrested in 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband is also in prison; one child. Siti ROMLAH – about 47 years; government official; member of the "National Front", founded by President Sukarno to coordinate the activities of all political parties; arrested at the end of 1968 because of her membership of the National Front; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Mrs RUSIJATI – journalist; member of the Indonesian Journalists' Association; arrested in October 1965 because of her membership of the [Unreadable]; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband in Peking. SAIJAH – 22 years; member of Pemuda Rakyat, the left-wing youth organisation; arrested in October 1965 because she was at Lubang Buaya; held without judicial investigation in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. SATIJAH – 27 years; [Unreadable]; member of the Post Office Workers' Trade Union; arrested in May 1969; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. SEDIJAMI – 31 years; member of the teachers' union (PGRI-NV); arrested [Unreadable]; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Sugiarti SISWADI – [age unreadable]; stage artist, poet, housewife, leader of the Djakarta section of LEKRA, a left-wing cultural organisation; member of Gerwani and co-editor of Gerwani's magazine; arrested in 1965, released in 1970, re-arrested in 1970; held in Djakarta; husband is also in prison. Maasje SIWI [Maesje Siwi] – about 52 years; Secretary-General of Gerwani and co-editor of Gerwani's magazine; arrested in October 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. Umiharti JARDIN [sic] – [age unreadable]; chairwoman of Gerwani; arrested in October 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. SUDJINAH – about 44 years; writer and journalist; active member of Gerwani; editor for Harian Rakyat, the Communist Party daily; arrested in 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta. SUGIJAH – about 22 years; [schoolgirl] when she was arrested in October 1965 because she was at Lubang Buaya; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Sri SUHARTI – 36 years; lawyer; arrested in 1969 because her brother was a left-wing general and because of her activities in the "Trade Union of Civil Aviation Employees"; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; husband also in prison; five children with relatives. === [Page 14] === FEMALE PRISONERS SUHARTI Warso Sampir [sic] – 59 years; teacher; member of parliament for the Communist Party and active member of Gerwani; arrested in 1967; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband is also [in prison]. SUKONTI [sic] – [age unreadable]; active member of Gerwani; arrested at the beginning of 1966; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; one son with relatives. SULAMI – secretary of the Central Council of Gerwani; arrested in 1966; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; kept in isolation for many years; it is expected that she will shortly be brought to trial. SUMTARSIH Carop2boka [sic] – 45 years; doctor, acting treasurer of the central board of the Indonesian Association of Graduates (HSI); arrested in 1967 in connection with HSI activities; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; husband also in prison; two children with relatives. Mrs SUNDARY – about [age unreadable]; office worker; member of Gerwani; arrested in October [1965]; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; [husband also in prison]. Mrs SUNDARI ABDUL Rachman – [age unreadable]; member of parliament for the Communist Party; worked full-time for the Communist Party; arrested in 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; her husband died in prison. SUNING – 41 years; chairwoman of the Djakarta branch of Gerwani; arrested in [year unreadable] 1965; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; husband also in prison; one son with relatives. Siti SURATIE [sic] – about [age unreadable]; seamstress; arrested in 1966 because her husband was a member of the "Communist Party Politburo"; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Elisabeth Alrish Bures STH [sic] – [age unreadable]; student of dentistry; member of a left-wing students' organisation; arrested in 1966; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. SUWARDININGSIH [sic] – [age unreadable]; women's leader and full-time worker for the Communist Party; arrested in 1967; accused of "contributing to regional preparations for the coup"; brought before a Special Military Tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment. WADILAH – 24 years; schoolgirl when she was arrested in October 1965, because she was at Lubang Buaya; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. WALMIJATI – 24 years; trainee nurse; arrested in October 1965 because she was present at Lubang Buaya; held in Bukit Duri Prison, Djakarta; poor health, was tortured. === [Page 15] === FEMALE PRISONERS WARTJAH – about 26 years; maid; arrested in October 1965 because she was at Lubang Buaya; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. [Unreadable name] – [age unreadable]; admitted that she was [present] at Lubang Buaya; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java; tortured; husband also in prison. [Unreadable] WOLSEN-SUNARDI [sic] – 57 years; owner of a small business; arrested in 1968 because a "wanted" regional leader of the Communist [Party] had visited her at home during his hiding and because her name was mentioned during interrogations after his arrest; held in Plantungan Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. Sri WULAN – about 30 years; teacher; member of Pemuda Rakyat, the left-wing youth organisation; arrested in 1967 because of her membership of Pemuda Rakyat; held in Women's Detention Camp, Central Java. September 1976