Filmed Memories of 1965 (Elsa Clavé, Archipel 99, 2020)

ISSN: 2104-3655 Publisher Association Archipel Printed version Date of publication: July 15, 2020 Number of pages: 19-21 ISBN: 978-2-910513-83-2 ISSN: 0044-8613 Electronic reference Elsa Clavé, “Filmed Memories of 1965”, Archipel [Online], 99 | 2020, Online since 02 June 2020, connection on 11 July 2026. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/archipel/1639; DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.4000/archipel.1639 The text only may be used under licence CC BY-ND 4.0. All other elements (illustrations, imported files) may be subject to specific use terms. === [PDF page 2] === -— Etudes interdisciplinaires sur le monde insulindien — ARCHIPEL 99 2020 —Revue publice par l’Association Archipel, h¢bergée au Centre Asie du Sud-Est,— sous le patronage de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales === [PDF page 3] === Etudes interdisciplinaires sur le monde insulindien Publiées avec le concours de l'Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales du CNRS, de l’Ecole francaise d’ Extréme-Orient, de |’Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales et de |’Institut francais d’Indonésie (Ambassade de France en Indonésie) Fondateurs: Pierre LABROUSSE, Denys LOMBARD, Christian PELRAS ARCHIPEL 99 Comité de rédaction Delphine ALLES, Elsa CLAVE, Véronique DEGROOT, Elsa LAFAYE DE MICHEAUX, Rémy MADINIER, Daniel PERRET, Dana RAPPOPORT, Jéréme SAMUEL, Christina WU Comité scientifique Henri CHAMBERT-LOIR, Andrée FEILLARD, Arndt GRAF, Arlo GRIFFITHS, Robert HEFNER, Claude GUILLOT, Claudine SALMON, James SIEGEL, Luis Filipe THOMAZ, Monique ZAINI-LAJOUBERT Directeur de la rédaction Henri CHAMBERT-LOIR Secrétaire de rédaction Sophie HENON La Rédaction exprime ses sincéres remerciements 4 Madame Diah Novitasari (EFEO Jakarta), qui a assuré la mise en page de ce numéro dans les difficiles conditions de la pandémie de Covid 19. Editeur Association Archipel EHESS, bureau 740, 54 boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris 2020 ISSN 0044-8613 === [PDF page 4] === Sommaire 5–11 Hélène Njoto et Andrée Feillard In Memoriam Merle Calvin Ricklefs (1943-2019) Échos de la recherche 13–18 Charles Coppel Chinese Indonesians: Identities and Histories (Monash University, 1- 3 October 2019) Dossier 1965 and Cinema II 19–21 Elsa Clavé Filmed Memories of 1965 23–27 Saskia Wieringa The Women and the Generals: Unraveling a Myth of Sexual Perversion 29–33 Vannessa Hearman Buru Island: Still Much More to Reveal 35–40 Soe Tjen Marching Forty Years of Silence: The Insanity of Society 41–45 Grace Leksana A Daughter’s Memory: 1965 in Animation 47–73 Gilang Desti Parahita and Vissia Ita Yulianto The Treachery on YouTube: The Politics of Memory on New Media in Indonesia Études 75–105 Robert Wessing The Maiden in the Forest: Reflections on Some Southeast Asian Tales 107–141 Arlo GrifÏths Rediscovering an Old Javanese Inscription: Mpu Mano’s Donation in Favor of a Buddhist Dignitary in 888 Śaka 143–151 Merle C. Ricklefs Music and Dance Go to War in Java 153–188 G. Roger Knight An ‘Indies’ couple: Colonial Communities and Issues Surrounding Identity in the Dutch East Indies, ca. 1890-1930s 189–213 Syamsul Rijal Performing Arab Saints and Marketing the Prophet: Habaib and Islamic Markets in Contemporary Indonesia Lectures Critiques 215–261 Jean-Louis Margolin 1965: L’Heure de l’histoire? 261–264 Kuncoro Hadi, dkk. Catatan Hari Per Hari G30S Sebelum Hingga Setelahnya (1963-1971) Archipel 99, Paris, 2020, p. 1-3 === [PDF page 5] === Comptes rendus Préhistoire et Asie du Sud 265–271 Wolfgang Marschall und Markus Wäfler, Felsmalereien Indonesiens, Borsdof: Winterwork, 4 vol., 2012-2017 (Antonio Guerreiro) 271–276 Michael Feener and Anne Blackburn, Buddhist and Islamic Orders in Southern Asia. Comparative Perspectives. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2019 (Andrée Feillard, Bénédicte Brac de la Perrière) Histoire contemporaine et Société 277–278 Taomo Zhou, Migration in the Time of Revolution: China, Indonesia and the Cold War. Singapore: ISEAS, 2019 (Claudine Salmon) 279–282 Suryomenggolo, Jafar (ed.), At a Moment’s Notice: Indonesian Maids Write on Their Lives Abroad. Copenhague: NIAS Press, 2019 (Laurence Husson) 282–286 Edwin Jurriëns & Ross Tapsell (eds.), Digital Indonesia: Connectivity and Divergence. Singapore: ISEAS, 2017 (Deasy R.P. Simandjuntak) 286–289 Alessandra Lopez y Royo, Contemporary Indonesian Fashion: Through the Looking Glass. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2020 (Clara Jones) Études régionales 289–293 Fanany, Rebecca & Ismet Fanany, The Elderly Must Endure: Ageing in the Minangkabau Community in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS, 309 p., 2018 (Suryadi) 293–295 Richard Fox, More Than Words: Transforming Script, Agency, and Collective Life in Bali. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018 (Dick van der Meij) 295–298 Agung Wardana, Contemporary Bali. Contested Space and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019 (Michel Picard) 298–301 Hans Hägerdal, Held’s History of Sumbawa: An Annotated Translation. Amsterdam University Press, 2017 (Henri Chambert-Loir) 301–303 Geneviève Duggan and Hans Hägerdal, Savu: History and Oral Tradition on an Island of Indonesia. Singapore: NUS, 2018 (Gregory Forth) 304–306 Leontine Visser, Sejarah Pertanian dan Kebudayaan Sahu di Halmahera (History of Sahu Agriculture and Culture in Halmahera). Yogyakarta: Ombak, 2019 (Laksmi Adriani Savitri) 307–310 Christopher J. Shepherd, Haunted Houses and Ghostly Encounters: Ethnography and Animism in East Timor, 1860–1975. NUS, 2019 (Frédéric Durand) 310–312 Oman Fathurahman, Kawashima Midori, and Labi Sarip Riwarung (eds.), The Library of an Islamic Scholar of Mindanao: The Collection of Sheik Muhammad Said bin Imam sa Bayang at the Al-Imam As-Saddiq (A.S.) Library, Marawi City, Philippines: An Annotated Catalogue with Essays. Tokyo: Sophia University, 2019 (Mulaika Hijjas) Archipel 99, Paris, 2020 === [PDF page 6] === Littératures 312–314 Andi Muhammad Akhmar, Islamisasi Bugis; Kajian Sastra atas La Galigo Versi Bottinna I La Dewata Sibawa I Wé Attaweq, Jakarta, Yayasan Pusaka Obor Indonesia, 2018 (Faried Saenong) 314–317 Asahan Alham, Dendam Sejarah. Bandung: Ultimus, 2019 (Nico Schulte- Nordholt) 317–321 Ajip Rosidi, Surat-Surat ti Jepang. Bandung, Kiblat, 4 jilid, 2017 (Julian Millie) 321–324 Luis Cardoso, L’Année où Pigafetta boucla son tour du monde. Arkuiris, 2019 (LF Thomaz) Résumés – Abstracts © Copyright Association Archipel 2020 En couverture: Photo du studio Kurkdjian de la famille MacNeill ‒ Bezoet De Bie, c. 1905 (voir l’article de G. Roger Knight dans ce volume). Archipel 99, Paris, 2020 === [PDF page 7] === DOSSIER 1965 AND CINEMA, II Coordinated by Elsa Clavé Elsa Clavé1 Filmed Memories of 1965 The fall of Suharto on May 21, 1998 ended the regime he had established 32 years earlier when an attempted putsch by a faction of the army turned in his favour.1The abduction of six generals and one lieutenant initially intended to protect president Sukarno, finally triggered his political end when the ofÏcers were killed and the Indonesian Communist Party accused of having masterminded the event. During the three decades of the New Order’s regime, the legitimacy of Suharto and the evil character of the communists he defeated – allowing the killing of half a million people and the imprisonment of many others – have been at the centre of the politics of memory.2 Many believed that the collapse of the New Order and the advent of the Reformasi would put an end to it. But collective memory, to use the term famously coined by Halbwachs, works in a complex way. It is institutionalized through museums, monuments, and if the commemoration is not as important as it used to be, the collective memory formed during the New Order has not changed much. The attack in 2017 by a mob on the Legal Aid Foundation’s ofÏce suspected to host a meeting of communists in Jakarta,3 or the statements by ofÏcials against a latent danger (bahaya laten), remind us that the stigma attached to communism remains present and easy to manipulate. Ironically, the defiance 1. Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg. 2. Katharine McGregor. History in Uniform: Military Ideology and the Construction of Indonesia’s Past. Singapore: NUS Press, 2007. 3. On this question, see the analysis of S. Wieringa, Archipel, 95, 195-210. Archipel 99, Paris, 2020, p. 19-21 === [PDF page 8] === 20 Elsa Clavé toward communists even appears in works which claim to rehabilitate the victims4 and which are also sometimes part of the numerous initiatives for truth and reconciliation started mostly after the Reformasi. Among those initiatives, the publications strike by the unbalance between the wealth of information they offer and the echo they find in the general audience. Over the past ten years, dozens of books have been published in Indonesia unraveling the obvious lies of the previous regime. These academic studies, memoirs, and collections of testimonies presenting different voices have only reached a fringe of the population. The reasons are to be searched in the number of copies, too low, and the restricted distribution, but also in the format of the media which is directly related to the socio-cultural processes involved in collective memory-making.5 This is the reason why the films presenting alternative versions of the 1965-1966 events form an interesting addition to the growing body of sources. They remediate narrative elements which have often been published in other media, adding to it a powerful visual dimension. But they do not just present historical events, they also form an archive of the cultural memory. The films are examples of the way Indonesians relate to this painful past in their present. The four films presented in this issue of Archipel continue the panorama started in the previous issue with reviews of The Act of Killing by Joshua Oppenheimer, the Soliloque des Muets by Stephane Roland, and Surat dari Praha by Angga Dwimas Sasongko. The Women and the Generals (2013), reviewed by Saskia Wieringa below, deconstructs one of the major lies of the campaign against the Communist Party: the sexual dance and the mutilation of the generals by women. It presents a careful investigation of the evidence, most of it available through academic publications, proving that the women organization afÏliated to the communist party in 1965, Gerwani, had nothing to do with the murders but were targeted and annihilated because of their successful mobilization for social progress in the 1960s. The second movie, Pulau Buru Tanah Air Beta (2016), reviewed by Vannessa Hearman, presents a well-known place related to the events: the island of Buru. This island has been turned into a concentration camp for long-time prisoners and is mostly known because the writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer has been imprisoned there. Interestingly, the film does not focus on the very hard condition of detention and the forced-labour but turns to the present and to the meaning of what remains. It follows the former detainee 4. The idea that numerous victims were not communists is very often put to the front. See as example the analysis of the movie “Surat dari Praha” by H. Chambert-Loir, Archipel 98: 2019, 69-70. 5. Astrid Erll and Ann Rigney (eds.). Mediation, Remediation, and the Dynamics of Cultural Memory, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2009. Archipel 99, Paris, 2020 === [PDF page 9] === Dossier 1965 and Cinema, II 21 Hersri Setiawan, his wife, and daughter on the island while he and another ex-prisoner, Tedjabayu Soedjojono,6 recall the past while visiting places loaded with memories. This attention to the second generation and the legacy which is passed on is at the centre of Forty Years of Silence: An Indonesian Tragedy (2009), reviewed by Soe Tjen Marching. The documentary presents the story of four families whose members had their mental health affected by the 1965-66 events. The director, who is a psychological anthropologist, wanted to bring to light the consequence of the violence on the health of victims’ children. By showing the lasting impact of events which happened 55 years ago, Robert Lemelson also shows that silence does not erase the past and, on the opposite, makes it even more present. On a very different way, the short animated-film A Daughter’s Memory (2019), reviewed by Grace Leksana, gives also the voice to the child of a victim. The name of the victim is known by almost all Indonesians: it is Njoto, a major figure in the central committee of the Communist Party in 1965. Svetlana, one of his daughters, recalls her personal journey from the moment when her father was hunted by the army, to the present, through her period in prison and, later, hiding her identity. As mentioned, these films are a sample of what is being produced, they are only the tip of the iceberg and about thirty film dealing with 1965 – documentary or fiction – have been referenced so far. The list is not exhaustive and does not reference, for example, the films presented in the previous issue. “Treachery on YouTube: Counter Narrative and Dynamics of Remembering and Forgetting the 1965/66 Tragedy”, by Gilang Desti Parahita and Vissia Ita Yulianto, presents an acute analysis of the viewing and reception of such films on Youtube. The study shows that despite the multiplication of alternative narratives, their impact remains small compared to the State-sponsored version vehiculated by the movie Penumpasan Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (The Eradication of the Treachery of the 30 September Movement/Indonesian Communist Party). If this movie has the advantage of time, because it is the oldest and the most known, it is also available in several formats on the platform and benefits of many supporters. It is hoped that the relatively new films presented here will be distributed more widely and will, in the future, enjoy the same privilege of having supporters to advertise it online. 6. Tedjabayu’s story has been published in Archipel based on his unpublished memoirs. See Tedjabayu, « C’est la vie! Quatorze années de détention politique », Archipel, 97, 2019, 269-294. Archipel 99, Paris, 2020 === [PDF page 10] === [Blank page] === [PDF page 11] === Archipel 99 Héléne Njoto et Andrée Feillard, In Memoriam Merle Calvin Ricklefs — Echos de la Recherche: Charles Coppel, Chinese Indonesians: Identities and Histories (Monash University, 1- 3 October 2019) — 1965 and Cinema II: Elsa Clavé, /ntroduction au dossier — Saskia Wieringa, The Women and the Generals: Unraveling a Myth of Sexual Perversion — Vannessa Hearman, Buru Island: Still Much More to Reveal — Soe Tjen Marching, Forty Years of Silence: The Insanity of Society — Grace Leksana, A Daughter's Memory: 1965 in Animation — Gilang Desti Parahita & Vissia Ita Yulianto, The Treachery on YouTube: The Politics of Memory on New Media in Indonesia — Etudes: Robert Wessing, Maiden in the Forest: Reflections on Some Southeast Asian Tales — Arlo Griffiths, Rediscovering an Old Javanese Inscription: Mpu Mano’ Donation in Favor of a Buddhist Dignitary in 888 Saka — M.C. Ricklefs, Music and Dance Go to War in Java — G. Roger Knight, An ‘Indies’ Couple, Colonial Communities and Issues Surrounding Identity in the Dutch East Indies, ca. 1890-1930s — Syamsul Rijal, Performing Arab Saints and Marketing the Prophet: Habaib and Islamic Markets in Contemporary Indonesia — Lectures Critiques: Jean-Louis Margolin, 1965: L’Heure de I’histoire? — Comptes rendus — Résumés-Abstracts 30,00 € ISBN 978-2-910513-83-2 tar Haunonanen now iA, LECOLE (co MTS STI — des langues SCIENCES EFEO et civilisations orientales SOCIALES

=== [Page 2] === Interdisciplinary Studies of the Insulindian World ARCHIPEL 99 2020 Journal published by the Archipel Association, hosted at the Southeast Asia Centre, under the patronage of the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales === [Page 3] === Interdisciplinary Studies of the Insulindian World Published with the support of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of the CNRS, the École française d'Extrême-Orient, the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales and the Institut français d'Indonésie (Embassy of France in Indonesia) Founders: Pierre LABROUSSE, Denys LOMBARD, Christian PELRAS ARCHIPEL 99 Editorial Committee Delphine ALLES, Elsa CLAVE, Véronique DEGROOT, Elsa LAFAYE DE MICHEAUX, Rémy MADINIER, Daniel PERRET, Dana RAPPOPORT, Jérôme SAMUEL, Christina WU Scientific Committee Henri CHAMBERT-LOIR, Andrée FEILLARD, Arndt GRAF, Arlo GRIFFITHS, Robert HEFNER, Claude GUILLOT, Claudine SALMON, James SIEGEL, Luis Filipe THOMAZ, Monique ZAINI-LAJOUBERT Editor-in-Chief Henri CHAMBERT-LOIR Editorial Secretary Sophie HENON The Editorial Board expresses its sincere thanks to Madame Diah Novitasari (EFEO Jakarta), who handled the layout of this issue under the difficult conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Publisher Association Archipel EHESS, office 740, 54 boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris 2020 ISSN 0044-8613 === [Page 6] === 3 Literatures 312–314 Andi Muhammad Akhmar, Islamisasi Bugis; Kajian Sastra atas La Galigo Versi Bottinna I La Dewata Sibawa I Wé Attaweq, Jakarta, Yayasan Pusaka Obor Indonesia, 2018 (Faried Saenong) 314–317 Asahan Alham, Dendam Sejarah. Bandung: Ultimus, 2019 (Nico Schulte-Nordholt) 317–321 Ajip Rosidi, Surat-Surat ti Jepang. Bandung, Kiblat, 4 volumes, 2017 (Julian Millie) 321–324 Luis Cardoso, L'Année où Pigafetta boucla son tour du monde [The Year Pigafetta Completed His Voyage Around the World]. Arkuiris, 2019 (LF Thomaz) Résumés – Abstracts © Copyright Association Archipel 2020 On the cover: Photo from the Kurkdjian studio of the MacNeill – Bezoet De Bie family, c. 1905 (see the article by G. Roger Knight in this volume). Archipel 99, Paris, 2020