Tricontinental Bulletin, no. 21 (December 1967): issue catalogued for Indonesian political prisoners incl. Sutanti Aidit

=== [Page 1] === Title: Tricontinental Bulletin (1967-12) - No. 21, Indonesian political prisoners incl. Sutanti Aidit [archive.org] Source: Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/tricontinental-bulletin.1967-12 Date retrieved: 2026-10-19 OCR text (_djvu.txt) L 21 ENTA TIN RICON SUMMARY Pags. The death of Che Guevara 3 World repercussion on the déath Of Che. asc a scxass 6 Frantz Fanon, the man of VIGIBNICE: 4 nc ck dae een wees 21 The only way out...... 24 The democratic party of Guinea holds its eighth ONGNESS 5 -:-< soe Roe AS Zt The NLF of South Viet Nam, banner of struggle ANd VIGIONY 2.04 2. bae sues 30 Tricontinental news..... 33 Anniversaries........ 49 Appeals and messages... 52 NH YTS), Ec aad Y pet, Ut] tT womer hey F PF Wie 8 bat Ce te Ot Uo THE DEATH OF CHE GUEVARA The peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America and all over the world were shocked by the death of Guerrilla Major Ernesto Che Guevara. Bolivian mercenaries at the service of U.S. imperialism took the life of the heroic combatant. However, the ideas for which he lived and died are kept alive and multiply in the struggles of our peoples. Major Ernesto Che Guevara is an example to revolutionary fighters. Wherever the humble, the exploited, the oppressed peoples, the revolutionaries fight to wipe out exploitation, Major Che Guevara is present. In any battle waged against the imperialists, Major Che Guevara is present. “Our every action is a battle cry against imperialism, and a battle hymn for the people’s unity against the great enemy of mankind: the United States of America. Wherever death may surprise us, let it be welcome, provided that this, our battle cry, may have reached some receptive ear and another hand may be extended to wield our weapons and other men be ready to intone the funeral dirge with the staccato singing of the machineguns and new battle cries of war and victory,” said the Guerrilla Commander in his message to the Tricontinental. On the occasion of the solemn vigil which the Cuban people rendered him final tribute, Major Fidel Castro defined Che’s outstanding revolutionary personality. The Cuban Prime Minister asserted that “When referring to proletarian internationalism, and when searching for an example of a proletarian internationalist, that example — the foremost example — is Che’s example! He had erased from his mind all banners, all prejudices, all chauvinism, all selfishness and he was willing to shed his blood at once!” The ideas of Che Guevara are the banner of those who aspire to a better world. “We must carry the war into every corner the enemy happens to carry it: to his home, to his centers of entertainment; a total war.” THE DEATH OF CHE GUEVARA “It is necessary to prevent him from having a moment of peace, a quiet moment outside his barracks or even inside; make him feel like a cornered beast wherever he may be.” The guerrilla leader constantly advocated armed struggle. He praised the heroic Vietnamese struggle as “the highest expression othe anti-imperialist struggle.” His internationalist militancy led him_ to condemn the aggressions against Laos and Cambodia, as well as Japan’s militarist aggressiveness and the occupation of Korean territory. He denounced the criminal attitude of the South African rulers who enforce apartheid. He solidarized himself with the peoples of the so-called Portuguese Colonies who struggle arms in hand for their independence. In Latin America he shed his generous blood, fighting the oligarchic and pro-imperialist governments. In his writings, speeches, letters and in his participation in international events, he implacably attacked those who plunder our exploited continents. He always had an integral conception of revolutionary struggle. “To create two, three... many Viet Nams” was the main slogan of the message he sent to the peoples of the world through our Organization, News from peoples all over the world reach us today saying: “Che lives on.” The declaration of the Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America states that “the guerrillas will grow, will multiply and each day the fighting armies will become more experienced, stronger and implacable with the imperialist beast. Hatred will mount; the struggle will be on to death, and his cry will not have been in vain. Millions of hands, inspired by his example, will extend to wield weapons.” Guerrilla Major Che Guevara will continue to guide the peoples on to great victories in “the hour of the furn.aces.” WORLD REPERCUSSION © ON THE DEATH OF CHE The heroic death of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara in Bolivia caused profound consternation throughout the world and especially in the Latin America for which he gallantly gave his life. We now offer a resumé of current events throughout the world: BOLIVIA In Cochabamba, the local University Student Federation declared Ernesto “Che” Guevara “Bolivian citizen and patriot” and observed a minute of silence in his honor. PERU At a session of its national Congress, named after Ernesto “Che” Guevara, the National Student Federation of Peru paid homage to the heroic Latin American combatant. During the session of the Congress, provocateurs at the service of the Yankee Embassy provoked a violent incident, in which one of them was shot to death. In Monsefu, a city in Libertad province some 750 kilometers from Lima, one of the teams taking part in a football tournament, paraded along the local stadium with a picture of the guerrilla leader, Che Guevara. The athletes carried a large placard reading “Che Guevara is in the hearts of the people.”. ECUADOR Secondary school students in Guayaquil held a huge demostration in honor of “Che” Guevara. Brutally attacked by police, the students set off a number of low-powered bombs, In Loja, university students held a solemn meeting in which they _ adopted a resolution naming an evening school after Ernesto “Che” Guevara. At the same, a meeting in honor of “Che” was held in the Law School of Quito’s Central University. During the sessions of the Fourth Congress of Young Ecuadorean Writers, held in the city of Ambato, warm homage was paid to the late revolutionary leader. At the National Congress of Secondary School Students, held in Guayaquil, the students honored “Che” Guevara in spite of the brutal police repression. One month after his death in combat in Bolivia, meetings in honor of “Che” Guevara were held in the principal cities of Ecuador. GUYANA The People’s Progressive Party held a meeting in Georgetown in memory of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara, the late Latin American revolutionary leader. Hundreds of persons attended the meeting. PANAMA A huge demonstration was held in Santa Ana Plaza in downtown Panama City in honor of “Che” Guevara. The mass meeting was organized by the Revolutionary Student Front, the Mitra farmers, the Revolutionary Unity Movement and the National Action Vanguard Party. EL SALVADOR The General Federation of University Students organized a solemn meeting in the Law School of the University of El Salvador in honor of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara. Francisco Chavarria, president of the Student Federation, and Dr. José Rodriguez Ruiz, university professor, spoke at the meeting. GUATEMALA Numerous slogans and inscriptions in honor of “Che” Guevara appeared on the walls of Guatemala City. In the University of Guatemala, the Rhythmic Poetry Group gave a recital in honor of “Che’’. VENEZUELA Handbills were distributed in the principal cities of Venezuela, calling the people to revolutionary armed struggle in order to honor the memory of the heroic Latin American combatant killed in Bolivia. PUERTO RICO The Twelfth Congress of the Pro-Independence Student Federation of Puerto Rico was dedicated to Ernesto “Che” Guevara, the legendary guerrilla leader. A number of articles on his life and revolutionary works appeared in the weekly “Claridad”, organ of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement. URUGUAY The Uruguayan government ordered the seizure of the entire October 14th edition of the newspaper, “El Sol”, which published a series of stories on the life of the heroic combatant Ernesto “Che” Guevara. Meanwhile, tar bombs were thrown at the Bolivian Embassy in Montevideo and the walls of the building were smeared with ink. “Verdad”, organ of the press workers trade unions, stated: “Apart from whatever ideological position he may have held, “Che” was a powerful incarnation of the purest image of the heroic, capable, unselfish, modest revolutionary, overwhelmingly inspired.” ‘ On October 17th, demonstrators attacked the Bolévian Embassy in Montevideo. According to the police, several shots were fired at the permanent guard standing at the main door of the Embassy. On October 19th, more than one thousand university students held demonstrations in the streets of Montevideo at the closing of a mass meeting held in honor of the late guerrilla commander. On October 21st, a large number of university students held flash meetings in Montevicleo in honor of “Che”. At the same time, the National Committee of OLAS in Uruguay pointed out that “ ‘Che’ fell as he lived: Fighting in the front lines against those who oppress our peoples”. (On October 2nd, hundreds of people assembled at the headquarters of the Leftist Liberation Front in Montevideo to pay homage to the — fallen communist combatant. Another meeting in honor of “Che” was held by university students in the auditorium of the University of the Republic. The meeting, attended by thousands of persons, was organized by the Uruguayan Student Federation and the Coordinating Committee for the Support of the Cuban Revolution.. Meanwhile, the Council of the School of Humanities of the same university agreed to name one of the main halls of that center of learning after Ernesto “Che” Guevara. On October 28th, more than twelve thousand students observed a minute of silence in Penarol in honor of “Che” Guevara. A few days later, “Marcha” magazine organized a film program in honor of “Che” Guevara. The entire fund raised was to be sent to the Bolivian guerrillas, “who are following his example”. On October 8th, one month after “Che” Guevara’s death, the National Coordinating Committee for the Support of the Cuban Revolution organized a meeting in honor of the heroic guerrilla. The event was held in the University of the Republic. Delegates attending the Wool Workers’ Federation Congress urged the Uruguayan people “to transform their sorrow over the death of “Che” into an organized struggle.” ARGENTINA A number of explosions shook the Miserere Plaza in downtown Buenos Aires, in honor of the late guerrilla leader, “Che” Guevara. In San Miguel de Tucuman, the occupants of a passing car threw a low-powered bomb at the Bolivian Consulate in that city. Other small bombs were set off in honor of “Che” at the “Cordoba” gallery in the city of Rosario, located in Santa Fe province. The Argentine militarist ordered the arrest of the Uruguayan singer Carlos Molinas, who in his songs exalted the memory of “Che” Guevara. The entertainer was arrested in Dorrego, Buenos Aires. 10 The police arrested ten of the large group of demonstrators who held a flash meeting in honor of “Che” at the Plaza de Italia in Buenos Aires. Two other low-powered bombs were set off in the city of Rosario where handbills were distributed bearing slogans in honor of “Che”, On October 21st, students at the Argentine University of La Plata burned a U.S. flag in honor of the heroic guerrilla commander. Five university students, including a young girl, were arrested by dictator Ongania’s police. On the same day, a flash meeting was held at the San Martin Plaza in downtown Buenos Aires. WORLD REPERCUSSION ON THE DEATH CHE Groups of young people burned René Barrientos in effigy on the streets and then cheered loudly in honor of Ernesto “Che” Guevara. Several low-powered bombs were set off at a demonstration held on November 2nd. In Buenos Aires, an anthology of verses dedicated to Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara was published. The prologue was written by Father Hernan Benitez, a Catholic priest. One month after his heroic death, more than one hundred youths burned the hated Uncle Sam in effigy. Traffic was blocked along Corrientes Avenue, a busy thoroughfare, when the youths set a number of automobile tires on fire. The office of a U.S. company on the same avenue was smeared with tar and a bomb set off. Another group of demonstrators distributed handbills in honor of “Che”. The right-wing militarist in Argentina sentenced 56 persons arrested during street demonstrations in honor of “Che” to prison terms ranging from one to eight years. On November 10th, a huge photo of “Che” Guevara and a bunch of flowers appeared at the José de San Martin mausoleum. CHILE The students at the University of Valparaiso painted a huge inscription on the walls of the Law School stating: “Che is not dead”. Two student leaders were arrested. Channel 9-TV, of the University of Chile, carried documentary films on the life of “Che”. In Santiago, a group of young university students clashed with the Frei police when the latter tried to block a student demonstration. The demonstration started at the closing of a solemn meeting held in the Medical School of the University of Chile. Leftist senators paid homage to “Che” at a meeting of the Upper Chamber of the Chilean Parliament. The 29th Conference of Secondary School Students in Chile agreed to proclaim Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara as the top leader of the liberation struggle in Latin America. On October 18th, the Chilean police provoked violent incidents when they attempted to block the huge demonstrations taking place in Santiago in honor of “Che”. The demonstrators disarmed a number of police agents. On the same day, a huge Cuban flag with a mourning band was hoisted at the University of Concepcion. Several incendiary bombs exploded and handbills in honor of “Che” were distributed in the same city. 11 A huge meeting, organized by the Movement for Solidarity and Defense of the Cuban Revolution in cooperation with the Central Federation of Workers, student and worker organizations, was held in Santiago. Even President Frei’s Party paid homage to “Che” at a meeting of the Provincial Council of the Christian Democrat Party. The meeting wa; held in the First District of Santiago. Leftist political organizations, university students and women’s groups and trade union organizations held a week of Latin American Solidarity with Viet Nam, also in honor of “Che”. BRAZIL The Brazilian political police broke into the University of Spiritu Santo and the Social Studies Institute to seize placards bearing inscriptions in praise of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara. A group of workers and students placed a plaque bearing “‘Che’s” name in the main plaza of the Cascadura district in Rio de Janeiro. The plaque states that from now on the plaza will bear the name of the unforgettable revolutionary combatant who fell in Bolivia. Meanwhile Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, five bombs exploded in five movie houses. Handbills with inscriptions honoring “Che” Guevara’s revolutionary struggle were also distribute. Three days later, on October 24th, other bombs exploded in Sao Paulo and in the cities of Sartaozinho and Santos. More than 1,500 Brazilian students met in a central plaza in Rio de Janeiro to pay homage to the heroic revolutionary combatant who fell in the struggle for the liberation of Bolivia. THE UNITED STATES A giant crowd, estimated at more than 200 thousand persons, paused for a moment of silence in honor of the heroic guerrilla leader, Ernesto “Che” Guevara. According to AP, Che was one of the heroes of the huge demonstration for peace in Viet Nam that took place in the US. capital on the 21st of October. Thousands of pictures of Che were carried by the demonstrators. A U.S. singer received an ovation when he announced that his next number would be dedicated to “one of the greatest revolutionary heroes of our time, who was killed while taking part in the revolution of the Bolivian people.” Thousands of other placards read in Spanish “E] Che esta vivo” (Che is alive) and in English “Avenge Che”.. Two days later, “Che is alive” was found written of the walls of six embassies in Washington, among them the embassies of Venezuela, Chile and Brazil. The weekly “Westside News” of New York, published a moving article by the Afro-American leader, Julius Lester, of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The article was entitled “Che is alive.” Also in New York, young Latin American students staged a symbolic burial of the Bolivian military dictatorship, as a demostration of their identification with Che’s ideals. A mass demostration in which Latin Americans and U.S. citizens participated was held in that same U.S. city in honor Che’s memory. The demostration was held under the auspices of SNCC and the MPI of Puerto Rico. The main speakers were Rap Brown for the Afro-Americans, and Juan Mari Bras, Secretary General of the MPI, for the Latin Americans, Large amounts of red paint were thrown at the residence of the Bolivian consul in Philadelphia and the Bolivian consulate in that city. Signs reading “Long Live Che” and “Che lives” were painted on the walls of both buildings. Hundreds of memorial services were held in U.S. universities and high schools in honor of the memory of the legendary guerrilla leader. MEXICO Huge pictures of “Che” as well as a large banner which read “Che lives!” were hung outside the San Carlos Academy of Arts near the National Palace of Mexico. In different neighborhoods of the Mexican capital signs were found quoting Major Guevara’s appeals, particularly the one calling for the creation of “Two, three, many Viet Nam’s”. A solemn memorial service in memory of Ernesto “Che” Guevara was held on the night of October 25th in the auditorium of the Law School of the National Automous University of Mexico. The National Democratic Students’ Center stated in Mexico City that Major “Che” Guevara symbolizes the hatred of the peoples for U.S. imperialism. Also in the Mexican capital the Cuban-Mexican Institute of Cultural Relations paid homage to the heroic guerrilla leader at its headquarters. The students of the University School of Journalism of Mexico City hung a huge mural on the front of their building bearing a picture of “Che” and illustrating the history of his life and his work. 14 CANADA The student organizations of the Canadian universities of York and Toronte and the Committees to aid Cuba and Viet Nam organized a solemn memorial service in memory of “Che” in the Ontario College of Education. A demonstration of more than 2 thousand persons also held in that same Canadian city in honor of the heroic Latin American guerrilla leader. In Montreal a crowd gathered in front of the Bolivan consulate to repudiate the murdering militarists in La Paz and to honor the memory of Che Guevara. The hundreds of placards read “Che lives” and “Create two, three, many Viet Nam’s”. CZECHOSLOVAKIA The foreign students in Czechoslovakia held a solemn memorial ceremony in honor of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara in the House of the Construction Workers in Prague.. Under the slogan of “EVER ONWARD TO VICTORY”, students from Indonesia, Togo, Algeria and Cuba spoke. Another memorial service was also held in Prague in which the members of the Latin American Young Communists participated. The ambassadors of Cuba and North Viet Nam attended the service. Students of the Three Continents also held a demonstration in honor of “Che” which marched through the main streets of Prague. 16 The National Slovak Council observed a moment of silence in honor of Che. SOVIET UNION Hundreds of Latin American, African ad Asiatic students carrying pictures of “Che” held a demonstration in front of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow to protest the U.S. government’s responsibility for the death of Major Guevara. In the Patrice Lumumba University of Friendship with the Peoples a memorial service in honor of “Che” was held. The students agreed to place a bust of “Che” beside that of the African leader and to contribute a day of voluntary work in honor of his memory. FINLAND A solemn memorial ceremony was organized in Helsinki by the labor and student organizations to honor the revolutionary work of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara. RUMANIA Rumanian and foreign students at the Central University held a solemn memorial service in memory of “Che”. AUSTRIA On several different occasions numerous demonstrators paraded in front of the Bolivian consulate in Vienna to express their repudiation for the murderers of “Che” Guevara. The Bolivan plaque and coat of arms at the entrance of the building were destroyed. SPAIN The African and Latin American students in Madrid and Barcelona organized solemn vigils in honor of the late guerrilla commander. There was also a demonstration in Seville with the participants shouting, “Long Live Che!”. POLAND 200 foreign young people from 35 countries held a vigil in the Polish city of Lodz in honor of the heroic Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara. At the same time, school number two of the Warsaw neighborhood of Zoliborz was named after Ernesto “Che” Guevara. The Federation of Latin American Students in Poland held a solemn meeting at the “Three Continents’ Club in honor of the guerrilla commander. ITALY Thousands of placards with the photo of “Che” were distributed throughout Italy and they were quickly placed on homes and walls in the main cities of the country. The placards were made by the Communist Party. More than a thousand young people in Milan held a demonstration on October 14th in front of the Bolivian consulate in that city. Three days later, a violent clash took place a short distance from the Yankee Embassy in Rome when the police tried to stop a demonstration of two thousand Italians. The demonstrators headed for the Embassy to protest against the murder of “Che” while he was seriously wounded, a crime they have accused the Yankee government of committing. They left from a downtown hall where a meeting in honor of the great guerrilla commander had taken place. On October 19th, more than five thousand Romans met again in _ front of the U.S. Embassy in the Italian capital. There they held a. meeting in honor of “Che”. On the following day, other demonstrators pulled down the U.S. flag flying over the garden of the Strozzi Palace in Rome and set it on fire. pen A few hours earlier, a solemn meeting in honor of “Che” hadbean held at the Uffizi Gallery. In Florence, hundreds of young people set fire to another U.S. flag in protest against the death of “Che”, The placards carried by the young people of Florence read. “Johnson, murderer” and “Che lives.” In Naples two large meetings in honor of “Che” took place on October 19th and 2ist. During these activities more than 200 persons were arrested by the Italian police. Lad FRANCE A meeting in honor of “Che” Guevara, organized by a number of French political and student organizations, took place at the “Mutualite” Hall of Paris. French TV televized a long program in honor of “Che”, which included the Cuban documentary “Ever Onward To Victory”. BULGARIA A solemn meeting in honor of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara took place at the “House of the Foreign Student.” The speakers at the meeting included students from Cuba, Bolivia and Brazil, as well as a representative of the Dimitrov Union of Young Communists of Bulgaria. ALGERIA The Union of Algerian Workers expressed its regret over the death of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara and pointed out that the life of the heroic fighter will serve as an example for the anti-imperialist fighters of the whole world. WORLD REPERCUSSION At the same time, the representatives of the African National Liberation Movements in Algiers met to pay homage to the fallen revolutionary fighter. On behalf of them, the delegate of the African Party for the Independence of Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde Islands, delivered a message to the Cuban Embassy in Algeria. The Union of Algerian Workers sponsored the solemn meeting in honor of “Che” which took place on October 25th in Algiers. Another meeting was organized by the Metropolitan Union of Workers of Algeria. The weekly, “Revolution Africaine’, organ of the National Liberation Front Party, also paid a warm tribute to “Che, whom it described as a “symbol of that great humanity which has cried, ENOUGH! and has begun to move.” UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC The Association of Palestinian Students in Egypt held a meeting in Cairo in honor of the heroic revolutionary fighter Ernesto “Che” Guevara. A meeting in honor of “Che”, sponsored by the Committee of Arab Socialist Union Party took place at the “Al Ghoumuria” newspaper. The speaker at the meeting was the outstanding. Afro-American leader, Stokely Carmichel, who delivered the eulogy for the fallen combatant. Youssef El Sabai, General Secretary of the Solidarity Organization of the Afro-Asian Peoples, spoke at another meeting which took place in Cairo under the sponsorship of the Egyptian National Peace Committee. GUINEA ~The daily paper “Heroya” of the ruling Democratic Party of Guinea states in an editorial that “Che” Guevara will be ever present in the memory of all revolutionaries and constitute the guiding example in combat. TANZANIA The daily paper “The Nationalist”, of the Tanzanian government, said in an editorial that “Che” was the heroic commander par excellence of all the detachments which fight imperialism on the three continents. PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA A solemn meeting in honor of the heroic Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara was held at the Great Theatre of Moranbong in Pyongyang. The closing speech of the meeting, sponsored by the workers and mass organizations of Pyongyang, was given by Li Bong Kyum, ira secretary of the Municipal Committee of the Korean Workers’ arty. ON THE DEATH OF CHE 19 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM A meeting in honor of the guerrilla commander was held in Hanoi on October 20th. Ton Quang Phiet, chairman of the Cuba- Viet-Nam Friendship Society, spoke at the meeting. Presiding over the meeting were leaders of the Workers’ Party and representatives of the North Vietnamese government. SOUTH VIET-NAM In the liberated area of South Viet-Nam the South Vietnamese Committee of Solidarity with Cuba held a solemn meeting in honor of Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara. The meeting was presided over by the top leaders of the South Viet-Nam National Liberation Front, headed by the chairman of the Central Committee, Dr Nguyen Hou Tho. The eulogy was given by the head monk, Venerable Thich Thien Pao, member of the Central Committee of the NLF and vice-president of the South Vietnamese Committee of Solidarity with Cuba. LAOS A meeting in honor of the heroic Latin American revolutionary fighter, Major Ernesto “Che” Guevara, was held in the liberated area of Laos, The mecting was attended by leaders of the Neo Lao Haksat Party and combatants of the Pathet Lao. 20 the man After dedicating his life to forging a better destiny for “The Wretched of the Earth’, Franz Fanon died in New York on September 6, 1961. His journey through life has been described by Maurice Maschino as “an itinerary of generosity”. Since his birth in Fort-de- France, Martinique, on July 20, 1925, until his life was ended by a malignant disease, Fanon travelled throughout that part of the world to which he sang his finest praises and for which he fought unceasingly, tempering the bloody experience of the exploited with feelings of humanism: His Third World. FRANTZ FANON of violence When he was scarcely 13 years old, he wrote his first book. Later’ he travelled to France to study Medicine at Lyon University. At: the outbreak of the Second World - War, he enlisted in the French Army, under the command of General de Lattre de Tassigny, in order to fight against Nazism. Fanon reached Algeria in the midst of the eruption of the Maghreb, in 1952, to work as a psychiatrist. Named director of the psychiatric hospital in Blida, he reached the most important mo-- ment in his life. “Every day -—- Maschino com- , mented — Fanon discovers in his» patients the scars of colonialism: 21 Delirium, mental disturbances, fury, paranoia — all the evasions invented by the colonized in order to escape oppression. He finds a sort of refuge in madness; this — for lack of anything better — his means of liberating himself,” Maschino added. The conflict arose between the simple analysis of one “case” and the causes of all the cases. Fanon himself: Where did he come from? What is Martinique? It is as much a French colony as Algeria was. How did Frantz’ family reach Martinique? The most superficial as well as the most profound of these observations converged on the only point possible: He too could have been one of these cases because he — just as the Algerians — was another victim of colonization, whom a somewhat happier fate destined should learn and practice medicine. The doctor from Martinique, having become conscious of the common tragedy, decided to lend his services to the Algerian patriots who were getting ready for armed struggle; services which included political training, distribution of medicines, healing of the sick and wounded. And as creative thought poured forth from him, he then wrote his much-discussed “Black Skin, White Masks”. After this, the irritated West was to christen him “the man of violence”, converting him into a myth, even though Fanon wrote very clearly: “I am not a man who belongs to any past. I do not want to exhalt the past at the expense of my present and my future. I only want one thing: For the exploitation of man by man _ to cease forever on this earth.” 22 In 1956, he was discovered by the colonial authorities. He wrote his “Letter of Resignation” and fled to Tunisia by the end of that year. The National Front of Liberation called him later to participate in the propaganda work and appointed him editor of El Moujahid, the official organ of the Revolution. Fanon dedicated himself completely to the struggle of the people of Algeria. He wrote, healed the sick, studied. “I have made a pledge to myself and my fellow human beings to dedicate my entire life and resources to seeing that there shall not be any oppressed people on the face of the earth.” The first Congress of Black Writers (held in 1956) presented his thesis “Racialism and Culture.” This report, plus Fanon’s articles in El Moujahid against the French left’s inertia in the face of the colonialists’ mass murdering of the Algerian people, provoked a series of criticisms against him. Many wished to emasculate the wellaimed thought of he who was later to write “The 5th year of the Algerian Revolution.” Concerning strictly his personality and remarkable effervescence, a_ basic revolution — irrevocable and everdeepening — has arisen. This means that militant observes the emergence of a new type of Algerian from the revolutionary violence, a type of Algerian who has found through his practice the only means for achieving his own de-alineation. When “The 5th Year” was published in Paris, Fanon was in Accra, Ghana, representing the Provisional Gouvernment of the - Republic of Algeria (GPRA). Already in 1958, Fanon had gone to that capital to attend the historic Pan-African Conference, convened by Kwane Nkrumah. He travelled throughout Africa in mission of the GPRA and proposed the creation of a third guerrilla zone south of the Sahara on the Mali border for supplying arms to the first and fifth “wilayas”’. In 1961, knowing that he was afflicted with leukemia, Fanon wrote “The Wretched of the Earth”, his most outstanding work which has been translated into various languages. It constitutes the climax in an effort which only emerges as a result of very deep scars. In “The Wretched of the Earth’, Fanon attacks the cpiates distributed by colonialism among _ the mass of the exploited, and points out the negative, colorless role played by the bourgeois strata, heir of the colonial administration in those African countries where “the independence that has been granted” amounts to nothing but Certain dogmatists have dubbed Fanon a “reformist”. Although this word carries an evil meaning, this same meaning may be turned in his favor. If Fanon did “reform” something, it was the narrow viewpoint of post-war Afro-Asian nationalism. By doing his part in the Algerian Revolution, writing and fighting, the author and defender of “The Wretched of the Earth” contributed his bit to clarifying concepts and mapping new roads. His violence is basically the same violence that is today impelling the peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America forward in the Tricontinental armed struggle against imperialism and for political, economic and cultural liberation of oppressed peoples or —as he put it — those who claim their rightful place in History. THE ONLY WAY OUT The 20 Latin American republics, plus Puerto Rico, had a population of 246 million inhabitants by mid-1966 and, by the same period in’1967, they should have surpassed the 250 million mark, since these are precisely the republics which have, on a world-wide scale, the largest demographic rate of growth (resulting from a high birth rate). However, Latin America still remains one of the least populated regions of the world. - The population grows and hunger increases; disease increases; illiteracy increases. There is a shortage of doctors, hospitals, beds and medicine. There is a shortage of teachers, technicians, and professionals (while at the same time there is a growing exodus of “brains” toward the North, to the United States). The well-known common cause of this situation is the growing Yankee penetration in the economies of these countries and the accompanying political domination of them; where it is necessary, through the military coups d’etat, but, almost without exception (and there are the many “Pan-American conferences” and the conferences of the discredited OAS). Obviously, there are variations. In a given country the situation is more critical than in another. The standard of living is lower in one country than in another. The illiteracy rate is higher in one place than in another. However, nowhere, does Latin America reach the high levels (relatively speaking) achieved by the “developed countries”. If it is true — as it undoubtedly is — that “in Brazil we have a 24 Hiroshima or a Nagasaki every year”, as stated recently the Brazilian researcher, Isaltino Costa, the region as a whole reports more deaths by starvation (by starvation alone!) in one year than the deaths which have occurred in any war or on any battle field during the same period in the last forty years. Statistics compiled up to 1961 showed that in the 20 republics of Latin America, plus Puerto Rico, some 800,000 children died every year, “children who should not have died had Latin America had an infant mortality rate (for children of up to 1 year of age) similar to that of the United States”, which was at that time 26 thousand. Nor was this rate the lowest in the world, since 11 other countries had lower infant mortality rates. If the neo-natal mortality rate, and the incidence of miscarriages, which in a large measure are due to the hunger and ill health of the parents, or due to the lack of medical care, were taken into cansideration we would have avery close picture of the dramatic truth of Latin America. Had the more than 4 million who died during a five-year period lived, what kind of life would they have “enjoyed”? As can be obviously seen almost every one of these cases of infant mortality occurred among the poorest sectors of these countries (and not among the “well-to-do classes” or high society). They were the children of the peasants, the workers, the countless millions who live in the shantytowns, the slums, the “cantegriles” of Latin America, because they shared the “life” of their ancestors, which is even worse now, because hunger divided among more... leads to more hunger! Data and figures, repeated to a maximum in the publications and conferences of UN organizations like FAO, UNESCO, UNICEF, etc., reveal that the standard of living in Latin America is decreasing, that the per capita food production (and up to 1966, in absolute terms) is decreasing in comparison with the world standard and with that of Latin America itself. Other data, not so widely publicized, show that latifundia is expanding, that less land is being cultivated and with backward techniques, and that the yield per hectare is, therefore, lower (when it would require yields ten times greater to raise the standard of our populations to the world level, which is not yet the best). In addition, the decapitalization of Latin America is increasing with each passing year. While at the same time there is an almost systematic devaluation of the curreney, the period of time between the devaluation and the increase in the cost of living is decreasing, as shown by the recent cases of Peru and Uruguay. Veritable rivers of gold, of foreign exchange, “emigrate” to the “north” to the United States, shipped to the voracious U.S. enterprises in the form of profits, interests, dividends, and “repatriation” of capital. As a result of “direct” investments alone, 869 million dollars were sent to the United States in 1965, and 962 million dollars in 1966. Since the “new shipments of capital” to Latin America this year only amounted to 162 million dollars (somewhat exaggerated) the net balance which remained in the U.S. coffers amounted to 800 million dollars, “which helped * to cover the deficit in the U. S._balance of payments”, but which, inevitably, ravages the balance of payments in Latin. America to. the same extent.. att If, with each passing year of the situation, hunger. is. increasing, absolutely as well as relatively, if we are becoming impoverished.by leaps and bounds (and in a greater proportion the United States. and its “multinational companies” are becoming richer), if the immediate (and worse yet, mediate) future promises “more of the same”’,.it is obvious that the solution does not lie in more world (or regional) conferences where nothing more is done than to make denunciations and no mandatory measures are taken. Nor does it basically depend on “price agreements” or agreements restricting the production of one product or another (restricting farm production, where hunger prevails, when what should be done is to increase this production everywhere’). 25 Even less does this solution depend on “summit meetings” of Latin American “heads of governments” with their Yankee “bosses”, nor on projects of economic integration with the wolf inside the door! Such projects only serve to tighten the yoke which U.S. imperialism has imposed on _ the Latin American republics. There is but one way out, one solution, one road. And it is obvious. that the peoples are beginning to understand that way out. A bloody dictator in Cuba once said that he “would not be overthrown with pamphlets.” Imperialism knows that its yoke is not endangered by “pamphlets”. The peoples, the hungry population oi Latin America, are quickly adjusting their actions towards the same end. Guatemala, Colombia. Nicaragua, Venezuela, Bolivia are eloquent examples. In Uruguay, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Chile, etc., the level of the struggle is developing. Shining examples, such as the glorious Major Ernesto Che Guevara, point to the only road in this hemisphere. Because, even the very little that is achieved in the effort to halt the deterioration of the living conditions and the economy of our countries, unquestionably is due to this struggle, whose loftiest beacon and banner was raised over the soil of Cuba and its socialist revolution. If today the national oligarchy and even the imperialists themselves are talking about “agrarian reform and _ structural reform” (in order not to carry them out, to have a better way to keep them from being carried out...) it is due to the intensification in the continental struggle, to the example of Cuba, to the fact that it is already known “that the Yankees can also be pierced by bullets” as they were in the Dominican Republic and other places. It remains a fact that there is no solution, that there is no way out, for the wolf pack of Yankee imperialists. The future of our peoples will not be one of hunger, ignorance and misery, because the present anti-imperialist battles are becoming more intense, and that in spite of what Kennedy wanted, there will be other Cuba’s in Latin America. History confirms it. But, above all, the survival of Latin America demands it. The peoples have cried, and continue to cry “Enough! to Yankee neo-colonialist oppression. They are also crying: Onward! There is no other road. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF GUINEA HOLDS ITS EIGHTH CONGRESS. The VIII Congress of the Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) was held in Conakry from the 25th of September to the 2nd of October with the attendance of more than two thousand people including delegates and foreign guests. The congress of the PDG, which began on the 20th anniversary of the party, made an analysis of the social, economic and cultural development of Guinea in the last nine years as well as an analysis of the African situation. In its general resolution, the party condemned the aggression of U.S. imperialism against the Vietnamese people and expressed its support for the struggle of the liberation movements of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The PDG decided to increase even more the contacts with the revolutionary States of Africa and to develop a greater solidarity of the peoples with the revolutionary States on the basis of the struggle against colonialism, neocolonialism, imperialism and its African agents. 27 The general resolution of the Congress included the creation of the Central Committee of the PDG made up of 45 members, 15 elected by the congress and the remaining 30 by the federal secretaries from the same number of provinces which form the administrative set-up of the country. At the same time, it agreed to name the l-man Political Bureau of the Party, Sekou Toure was unanimously re-elected general secretary of the party and undisputable leader of the Guinean revolution. The general resolution of the congress admitted that the class struggle is a world reality and a historic need, as well as a political form of the practical exploitation between the progressive and reactionary forces. The congress placed special emphasis on the topics related to the emancipation of women and agreed to create a “national council of women” of the PDG, which is divided into a series of organizations which are to hold their first congress before the end of the year. The congress decided that no party or government official, regardless of their rank, should own for his own profit a commercial or industrial enterprise. It also came out against pillage and embezzlement of funds on the part of State officials. At the same time, the party praised the efficient work of the youth organization of the PDG which is constantly mounting up new victories. One of the resolutions of the PDG congress praises the special work of the youth in rescuing the national culture, in the antiimperialist struggle, and in the struggle against old habits and vices, such as superstition, charlatanry, alcohol, etc. It praises its active participation in the people’s militia and its work in favor of the economic development of the country. 28 The congress “considers that the republic of Guinea has adopted the non-capitalist form of development which tends to rapid development of the national economy, and therefore urges the fulfillment of the seven-year plan and the development of the agricultural sector.” In his closing speech, President Sekou Toure once again outlined the international political line of his.government against imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism and in support of the peoples who are struggling throughout the world to free themselves from the chains of exploitation. President Toure pointed out that the PDG will firmly follow the national revolutionary line. He added that the future development of the country will continue being carried out on the basis of the close unity of the young working class and the peasantry of Guinea Those taking part in the congress gave an ovation to the messages of greetings from the President of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh, from the North Vietnamese Prime Minister, Pham Van Dong and from the President of South Viet Nam NLF Central Committee, Nguyen Huu.Tho. The work of the congress ended on October 2nd, the date which marks the IX anniversary of the independence of Guinea under the leadership of President Sekou Toure. The congress was attended by 65 foreign delegations, among them 32 from Africa and 2 from Latin America. The OSPAAAL was represented by Abilio Duarte and Walterio Ferrio, delegates of Guinea (B) and Chile to the Executive Secretariat, respectively. 29 THE Node E. SOUTH VIET NAM, BANNER STRUGGLE AND VICTORY. 30 The National Liberation Front of South Viet Nam was created seven years ago. It undertook the historic mission of leading the South Vietnamese people in their revolutionary struggle to free themselves from the brutal domination of Yankee imperialism and its lackeys, to create an independent, democratic, peaceful, neutral and prosperous South Viet Nam and to begin working toward the reunification of Viet Nam. Since then, the National Liberation Front has become the rallying point of the patriotic forces, leading and organizing the victories of the South Vietnamese people. Under the banner of the National Liberation Front, the South Vietnamese people have united as one man. They have overcome all kinds of difficulties and tribulations, leading the revolutionary cause of South Viet Nam from one victory to ancther. They have overthrown the dictatorial regime of Ngo Dinh Diem, an active lackey of Yankee imperialism. They have frustrated Yankee imperialism’s special war and the first stage of the local war. Throughout the seven years of fierce struggle, the people and the People’s Armed Forces of South Viet Nam have annihilated more than one million enemy soldiers, a fourth of whom were U.S. aggressors. They have shot down and destroyed 8,000 planes of various models. They have destroyed more than 10,000 military vehicles. They have seized hundreds of thousands of weapons, and have liberated more than four fifths of the South Vietnamese territory with its 10 million inhabitants. By rising up empty handed, armed only with an implacable hatred and profound patriotism, the people of South Viet Nam have fully demonstrated their revolutionary heroism and have defeated an enemy which posseses the most powerful sceneries and military potential in the imperialist world. Never before in the history of mankind has there been a war of aggression as brutal as the war being waged by the United States in South Viet Nam. But it is obvious that neither bombs nor toxic chemical substances are capable of erushing the unbreakable will of a people determined to struggle for their freedom. Every day life shows quite clearly that people’s war is fully capable of defeating war of aggression, even when it is the war of the imperialist chieftain. Today, the people of South Viet Nam not only have justice and right on their side, but they also have powerful military and political forces which are in a victorious position, a position of initiative and offensive. The present state of the war is highly favorable to the patriots, while the Yankee imperialists are suffering repeated setbacks and are sinking deeper by the day into a state of passivity and insoluble difficulties. And there is no way they can prevent their final defeat. This situation stems not only from the unjust attitude of the Yankee imperialists, but also from the 31 mistakes which they make in carrying out the war in general as well as in carrying out the military strategy in particular. It has not only been the justice of the cause which the South Vietnamese people have as an objective factor in their patriotic struggle, but also the human factor reflected in the leadership of the South Viet-Nam National Liberation Front. Every day life proves that the line of the National Liberation Front is correct. At present, this line has been perfected to make it more in keeping with the new situation, as has been clearly explained by the Political Program approved by the Front some months ago. Armed with revolutionary heroism, with a correct leadership and the strength of the unity of all the people, and having the sympathy and support of all progressive mankind, the people of Viet Nam in general and the people of South Viet Nam in particular, steadfast in the vanguard of the anti-imperialist struggle, already have final victory in their hands. The future of this heroic people is brillant and their glorious present will be the future of the peoples of Asia, Africa sand Latin America who today have taken up arms. sttegardless of how much effort it makes, U.S. im- "oerialism will not be able in any way to escape its total defeat in Viet Nam nor prevent the creation of the two, three, many Viet Nam’s that Ernesto “Che” Guevara spoke of. Aden When everything seemed to indicate that the differences between the National Liberation Front of Occupied Southern Yemen and the National Liberation Front of Southern Arabia would be solved peacefully, violent incidents originated in Aden among members of both Arab organizations within the so-called “Federation of Southern Arabia”. The talks being held in Cairo by leaders of both organizations ended once the armed conflict which caused many losses to both sides had begun. According to statements made by leaders of FLOSY, the so-called “South Arabia Federal Army” took part in the conflict on the side of the NLF, an organization accused of having sold out to British neo-colonialist interests. Later, on November. 30th, Kahtan E] Shaaby, secretary general of the South Arabian National Liberation Front, was appointed president of the new South Arabian State by the supreme command of the FLN. Shaaby, who will also momentarily assume the post of Prime Minister, pointed out that “the objective of the Revolution was to win independence, and after this task is carried out, the next is the establishment of socialism”. Previously, the Secretary General of the FLN accused Great Britain of wanting to introduce a military mission into the armed forces of the recently proclaimed People’s. Republic of Southern Yemen. Shaaby said that the British request had been rejected by the FLN delegation. The leader of FLN added that during the negotiations held in Geneva the British tried to. exert pressure on the organization. 33 VIET NAM The savage bombings carried out against the population of Hanoi and the outskirts of this city, reveal the genocidal and terrorist nature of the U.S. aggression against Viet Nam, and confirm the accuracy of the word “murderer” as applied to President Lyndon B. Johnson by the outraged masses all over the world. These brutal aggressions, ordered by Lyndon B. Johnson, are taking place while the hypocritical ‘peace campaign” is being increasingly intensified, and especially now that the U.S. masses are joining the world demand for an end to the bombings by carrying out impressive marches. The pretext for the first air raid against the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, on August 5, 1964, was a sham aggression by North Vietnamese torpedo boats against two U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. After a short interval, without any reason for “retaliation”, on February 7, 1965, the air raids, which up to that moment had been sporadic, were stepped up, marking the beginning of the “escalation” of the aggression against the DRV. Some of the “steps” of this “escalation” are clearly defined: June 29, 1966: First bombings of the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong. Beginning of March, 1967: The Thai Nguyen steel complex, the most important of its kind in the DRV, was bombed for the first time. March 27, 1967: The power plants of Haiphong. were bombed for the first time. 34 May 19, 1967: U.S. aircraft attacked the power plants and the urban zones of Hanoi, while other air pirates bombed the airports of Kep and Hoa Lac. August 13: While Senator Stennis’ subcommittee considered the effectiveness of the bombings, the Air Force attacked the city of Lang Son, only 16 kilometers away from the borders of the People’s Republic of China. October 24: The air raids on Hanoi and its outskirts were launched, including the Phuc Yen air base. From the military point of view, the “escalation” of the air raids has not been, nor will it ever be effective. The North Vietnamese newspaper People’s Army with great honesty has affirmed that “these attacks will not diminish the number of casualties among U.S. soldiers in the South; on the contrary, it will increase the hatred and the militant spirit of our people.” The air “escalation” against Viet Nam only pursues a_ genocidal and terrorist end. But it has also failed to terrorize the Vietnamese people. The France Press (AFP) correspondent in Hanoi, Bernard Joseph Cabanes, wrote in an article: “The wave of indignation perceived by all observers among the people who went to see the bridge from the banks of the Red River, added to the rage provoked by the reports on the large number of casualties caused by the bombings on the cities.” According to observers, concludes Cabanes, all this only serves to strengthen the people’s will to resist to the very end. In the capital this sentiment was never so deep as it is now. On Monday, November 13th, the North Vietnamese daily paper, Quang Doi Nhan Dan, of the People’s Army, recalled that the big battles that are being fought in the South are only the prelude to the battles that the FAPL are going to wage. Two years ago, the U.S. occupation forces launched great offensives at the beginning of the dry season. This year, however, not only have they failed to carry out this objective, but on the contrary, they are on the defensive and retreating in the face of the crushing blows of the People’s Liberation Armed Forces. The analysis of the recent military development in South Viet- Nam do nothing but confirm the point of view of the North Vietnamese paper. In fact, from the last few days of October to the first days of November the FAPL launched crushing and constant attacks on the important stronghold of the Yankee “Green Berets” in the city of Loc Ninh. The mortar attacks were effectively combined by the patriots with the advance of the infantry, and the FAPL on two occasions managed to seize the camp of the U.S. Special Forces, inflicting heavy casualties. In only six days of fighting more than a dozen Yankee and Saigon batallions were annihilated and U.S. losses were estimated at more than 600 men, the great majority of whom were killed. The crushing attacks of the patricts yielded a rich booty in arms and munitions which are already being used in other attacks against the enemy. Without giving the enemy any respite, the FAPL attacked the huge military complex at Dak To in the South Viet-Nam Central Highland, headquarters of the 173rd Airborne Brigade and the Fourth U.S. Infantry Division, and also strategic rear of the even larger military complex of Da Nang. As this goes to press, U.S. casualties have already passed the 35 1.300 mark and the military complex is completely surrounded by the patriots. In the face of the situation, the actions launched by the U.S. fighter-bombers, artillery and B-52’s are completely ineffective. A statement of the North Vietnamese Committee to investigate the war crimes of the Yankee imperialists summarizes the most outstanding events which have occurred during the first six months of this year. In its introduction, the report points out that in spite The U.S. High Command in Saigon fears that the tremendous pressure on Dak To might be the prelude to an encirclement movement which would put Da Nang between two fires: Dak To in the south and Con Thien in the north. of the fact that in a frenzy the Yankee imperialists have stepped up their war of aggression in Viet-Nam, during North Viet-Nam following month. dents and teachers. _ters, monks and nuns. For example, in February of this year, U. S. planes dropped 68 thousand tons of bombs on North Vietnamese territory, and the amount was raised to 77 thousand the They have also used forbidden weapons, such as napalm and live phosphorus. and they have concentrated their attacks on the civilian population and against public services using explosive, demolition and pellet bombs. At the same time, the Yankees have stepped up their air attacks on dams and reservoirs in the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, and 27 hydraulic systems were the targets of repeated attacks with heavy demolition bombs during the first half of 1967. Up to the end of 1966, U. S. planes had destroyed 391 schools and other centers of learning, killing 398 pupils, students and teachers and wounding 479 others. During the first six months of 1967 they destroyed 170 schools, killing or wounding more than 200 pupils, stu- At the same time they have attacked 337 churches and pagodas, killing or wounding numerous Buddhist ministhe first half of 1967 they have suffered shameful defeats in their second dry-season counter-offensive. In North Viet-Nam — it adds — they have constantly escalated the war of destruction against the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, committing the most infamous crimes against the people of Viet-Nam. The report of the investigating Committee points out that month after month the Yankees are upping the amount of bombs and shells used in the attacks against LAOS The New York Times correspondent in Vientiane reported that the United States will enforce new measures in its “special” warfare in Laos. Included among these measures, is a wider use of toxic chemical products, in an attempt to devastate the Laotian jungle. The Voice of the Pathet Laos reported that the Laotian patriotic forces downed 4 U.S. planes while flying over the province of Xieng Kuang. The radio added that the patriots, together with the people of that province, repelled several attacks launched against the liberated zones of the country by the troops of the Vientiane regime advised and trained by U.S. officers. According to reports, 695 U.S. planes were destroyed or damaged by the patriotic forces of the Neo Lao Haksat. KOREA The government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea issued an extensive memorandum denouncing U.S. crimes against the Korean people. The document also discloses U.S. imperialist plans for unleashing a new war in Korea. The denunciation coincided with another provocation on the military demarcation line. Forces of the so-called “special police corps” of the Seoul regime carried out an armed attack against a border sentry post, in the northern sector of the demarcation line. According to reports from the KONA news agency, the North Korean border patrol repelled the aggression and the troops of the “special police corps” of Pak Chung Hee’s regime fled to the south. In Seoul, reports disclosed a steady deterioration of the situation for the pro-Yankee Pak Chung Hee regime. The official South Korean news agency, “Hapdong Tongshin’, revealed that a concrete wall will be built around a military recruitment base on the outskirts of Seul. According to reports, the wall will be 6 meters high, to “prevent the desertion of young draftees.” Moreover, the Seoul military regime announced having sent a new contingent of 15,000 men to South Viet-Nam, in compliance with the agreement signed by dictator Pak Chung Hee and President Lyndon B. Johnson’s ‘“special” envoys. Clinton Clifford and Maxwell Taylor. The Korean Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee issued a statement in commemoration of the 19th anniversary of the founding of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The document states that in spite of the short period of time which has elapsed in comparison with the long history of the Korean nation, the people under the wise leadership of Prime Minister Kim I] Sing, have begun a great era of prosperity, unprecedented in their history. At the beginning of the XX century — in 1910 — Korea was occupied by the Japanese imperialists and remained under their colonial domination for 36 years. From the very beginning, and throughout this period, the people of Korea heroically fought against Japanese imperialism, in the 1930’s under the leadership of the 37 Korean Communists, led by comrade Kim Il Sung, the struggle developed into a new stage, the anti-Japanese armed struggle for liberation, in defiance of the cruel persecution and oppression of the Japanese aggressor. Since South Korea is occupied by the Yankee aggressors, the northern half of the country took the road of democratic reforms and carried out the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution in only two years under the leadership of the Workers’ Party and Prime Minister Kim I] Sung. On June 25, 1950, a few years after the birth of the DPRK, the Yankee imperialists launched an armed aggression to destroy the young State, with the aim of placing the whole of Korea under their colonial domination. Out of their confidence in their “tecnical” superiority they thought that by mobilizing their huge armed forces together with troops from 15 satellite nations they could easily force the Korean people to their knees. But they made a terrible mistake in judgment. The Korean people defeated the invaders and proved that the aggressive imperialist forces cannot subdue a people who have risen up in arms for the freedom and independence of their country. The creative zeal and the revolutionary determination of the heroic Korean people wiped out the devastating effects of the war in a short period of time. Today the northern part of Korea has become a powerful industrial and agricultural State with the bases for an independent national economy. This has led to an era of great prosperity and development, up to now unknown in its history. In the southern half, however, Yankee imperialism and its lackeys have deprived the people of their freedom, democracy and right to live. They have robbed them of their political rights and have subjected them to terrorism, repression, misery and hunger. — The Yankees have also turned South Korea into an aggressive military base and_ spring-board for their aggression in Asia, and they use Koreans as cannon-fodder in the imperialist adventure against the people of Viet-Nam. | At. the same. time, they \.are stepping up the land, sea and air aggressions against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea from South Korean territory. The greatest national task faced by the Korean Worker’s Party and the Korean people at the present stage is to accomplish the reunification of the country and the victory of the revolution on-a-nation-wide scale and to expel the Yankee imperialists from South Korea and liberate the South Korean people. The Korean people are closely following each aggressive move of the Yankee imperialists and they will wipe out the aggressors if they launch another all-out attack against the north.. Under the leadership of Kim I Sung, the Korean people will undoubtedly achieve the noble and just objectives they have set for themselves. NOTE OF THANKS SALLY VONGKHAMSAO Saly Vongkhamsao, a member of the Central Committee of the Neo Lao Haksat Party and head of the Laotian delegation which visited the headquarters of the OSPAAAL in Cuba thanked the Executive Secretariat of the Tri-Continental Solidarity Organization for its support and aid to the struggle of the people of Laos against aggressive Yankee imperialism. Under the able and just leadership of the Neo Lao Haksat Central Committee — the head of the Laotian delegation said — which in the past struggled against the French colonialists and today struggle against the Yankee imperialists and their reactionary lackeys, the Laotian people have won more important victories by the day in all fields: Military, political, economic, cultural and social. Vongkhamsao added that the Laotian people greatly appreciate the solidarity of the peoples of the world with their just cause, in particular the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America, a solidarity which encourages them to win new victories. With that support — Vongkhamsao said — the Laotian people will carry their just struggle to the end to defeat the aggressive Yankee imperialists; they will undoubtedly win complete victory and sooner or later they will achieve a peaceful, independent, neutral, democratic, united and prosperous Laos. Vongkhamsao took part in the activities of the Week of Solidarity with the People of Laos, organized by the OSPAAAL. After expressing his full support for the peoples who rise up, weapons in hand, against imperialism, the Laotian leader returned to his country. 40 » KOREA UNIVERSITY THREATENED IN JAPAN Han Duk Su, president of the Korean University of Japan, has distributed a pamphlet in which he exposes the danger faced by the important center of learning of the Koreans living in Japan. Thanks to the ample cooperation given by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the courageous efforts of the Koreans living in Japan, the Korean University has made considerable progress since its founding and now has six schools and a student body of 1,000 who are making a diligent effort and are enjoying a happy university life. Following a line of non-intervention in the internal affairs of Japan and of respect for the laws of the country, the Korean University, states the pamphlet, has made persistent efforts to obtain legal recognition for the status of a mixed school under the provisions of the Japanese Law on School Education. A number of officials and organizations have appealed to the Japanese Ministry of Education to obtain legal status for the University. However, the Japanese government is carrying out an unjustificable political intervention in the matter with the aim of blocking the granting of legal authorization for the Korean University, while at the same time refusing to admit the high school graduates from the Korean schools into Japanese universities. The president of the University adds that the Japanese authorities, in complicity with the South Korean regime of Pak Hung Hee, has stepped up its hostile policy towards the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea since the signing of the South-Korean-Japanese Treaty in 1965. He adds that they are openly trying to establish a “system of schools for foreigners” aimed at pressuring and blocking the national education of the Koreans living in Japan. The pamphlet calls for the sending of messages to the Japanese government urging it to guarantee the right to separate education in their mother tongue of the Korean citizens living in Japan and to abstain from exerting political pressure in relation to the question of granting legal - authorization to the Korean University. - The messages may be addressed as follows: Prime Minister Eisaku Sato; Office of the Prime Minister, 2 Chomo, Nagata-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Minister of Education Toshihiro Kennoki Ministry of Education, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Governor of Tokyo, Rykichi Minobe Metropolitan Government of Tokyo, 1, 3, Chome, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. President of the Council of Private Schools, Kuju Kodama Metropolitan Government of Tokyo, 1, 3, Chome Manouchi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. The Korean University of Japan will appreciate receiving a copy of the letters and telegrams sent to the above-mentioned officials.: The Solidarity Organization of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America supports the statements of Han Duk Su and urges an increasing solidarity with the Korean University of Japan to crush the schemes of the Japanese authorities and the puppet regime of Pak Hung Hee. AFRICA ANGOLA The People’s Liberation Movement of Angola, in a statement issued in Brazzaville, has expressed its complete solidarity with the intensification of the just struggle of the Black people of the United States. Little Rock, Alabama, Detroit, Newark and Milwaukee — says the statement — have become immortal symbols of the determination of Afro-Americans to seize, even at the price of their own blood, their right to dignity and a decent life. In conclusion, it points out that the struggle of the Black people of the United States is part and parcel of the heroic struggles of the people of Viet-Nam and of other peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America, victims of the aggressions or conspiracies of imperialism. ZIMBABWE The African People’s Union of Zimbabwe denounced the new crime committed by the racist dictatorship of Ian.Smith in the killing of the women’s leader, Mrs. Mushambi, in the eoncentration camp of Wha Wha, located in the town of Gwele. 41 The African leader had been held in that concentration camp since 1965 together with other outstanding leaders of the ZAPU, such as Jane Ngweya, Ruth Chinamane and others. Mrs. Mushambi died as a result of the complete lack of medical and sanitary facilities in the concentration camps set up in Rhodesia by the racist Smith regime. ERITREA A statement issued in Damascus by the Liberation Front of Eritrea denounced the fact that hundreds of civilians are being massacred in that country by the colonialist troops of the Ethiopian Empire. The statement says that more than 20 Eritrean villages have been burned to ashes by the Ethiopian colonialist troops. The Liberation Front of Eritrea states that the Ethiopian colonial power unilaterally and illegally annulled resolution 390 A, adopted by the UN in 1950, and carried out the massacre of civilians. More than 30 thousand Eritrean civilian refugees, suffering countless privations, are at present in Sudan. Another communique of the LFE reveals that the Liberation Army of Eritrea ambushed a fivetruck convoy of the Ethiopian colonial troops and managed to destroy three of them. The action was in reprisal for the destruction of the villages of Emberami, Asannai, Gedged and Karora. Another attack launched on June 14 in the Fourth Military Region of the colonialist troops caused the occupation troops 85 casualties, 42 On July first, the Liberation Army of Eritrea engaged in a brief battle with the Ethiopian troops north of Keren. Seven enemy soldiers and a guerrilla fighter were killed. Another ambush was laid two days later in Daryakel, in which three colonialist soldiers were killed and another one wounded. It was also announced that Major Tarque Afwerke, of the Ethiopian Imperial Army, joined the patriotic forces of Eritrea after deserting the colonialist ranks. SEMINAR ON APARTHEID The International Seminar on Apartheid, Racial Discrimination and Colonialism in Southern Africa was held in Kitwe, Zambia, from July 25th to August 4th. Representatives from 34 countries attended as delegates together with observers from one country, various National Liberation Movements and experts from international organizations. The final declaration calls the attention of world public opinion to the very serious situation in the southern African tip. The explosive situation not only prevails in South Africa, Southwest Africa, Rhodesia, and the Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique, but it also is threatening to spread to neighboring independent African countries. At the same time, the Seminar pointed out that racism and colonialism in the southern tip of Africa are promoted and aided by the main business partners of South Africa and Portugal, whic include the United States, Great Britain and France, permanent members of the Security Council. RHODESIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Hilgard Muller, Prime Minister of the racialist government of South Africa revealed in the United Nations that a “mutual secutity pact” had been signed between the nations of the southern cone of Africa. Muller further stated that the military pact was signed between South Africa, Portugal, Malawi, Lesothc, Rhodesia and Botswana. He indicated that, in accordance with the “agreement”, the regime of Pretoria will send units of its army and police forces to fight against the patriots who operate in the South African cone. The New York Times did not hide the participation of the South African security forces, backed by planes and helicopters, in the activities against the guerrillas of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) which are operating in Rhodesia. TANZANIA When the XIII Conference of the government party, the “Tanganyka African National Union” (TANU), was held in the northern city of Mwanza, Dr. Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania, demanded that the United States cease unconditionally the bombings of the Democratic Reputlic of Viet-Nam and should negotiate on the basis of the 1954 Geneva Agreements. Twenty-five members of the Afro-Shirazi Party of Zanzibar, and 560 delegates of the TANU, from all over the country, participated in this Conference. The Conference discussed the so-called “ARUSHA” program, approved by the party in February of the current year, and which has as its acknowledged aim, the construction of a socialist society in Tanzania. 43 NIGERIA The circle which surrounded the secessionist Biafra regime was drawn tighter with the fall of the city of Calabar in the eastern region of Nigeria. The forces of General Yajubu Gowon, chief of the Lagos regime, controlled the bridge over the Niger river, facing Onitsha, the complete middle-west region surrounding Benin and Enugu, the secessionist capital, and were now attacking the locality of Brass. All roads leading out of Biafra were closed, supplies from outside were cut-off, and the capture of the Isle of Bonny blocked the canal which crosses to Port Harcourt, from which the secessionists export their oil. According to most _ foreign sources, the situation in the eastern UNITED STATES A week of protests against the Yankee aggression in Viet-Nam, during which homage was paid to the memory of Comandante Ernest Che Guevara, culminated in violent clashes. in front of the Pentagon. we The clashes took place after a gigantic mass’ demonstration at the Lincoln Memorial, when about 200 thousand people marched on the 44 province was serious, and it was thought that resistance would crumble shortly. MOROCCO The so-called Court of Appeals of Morrocco denied an appeal made by Mahoub Ben _ Seddik, Secretary General of the Morrocco Worker’s Union, against an 18month prison sentence imposed upon him last July. Ben Seddik was accused before the Regional Court of Rabat of “disrespect for the high authorities of the state” for severely criticizing official policy in regard to the Israeli aggression against the Arab peoples. Ben Seddik is also a leader of the National Union of Popular Forces of Morrocco. AMERICAN heavily-guarded Pentagon in an imposing anti-war demonstration. The 34-acre Pentagon area was guarded by military police, National Guard and other forces, while units of the 82nd Airborne Division stood by ready for action to repress the demonstrators. The march on the Pentagon started at the end of a mass rally at the Lincoln Memorial, in which several speakers strongly criticized President Johnson’s policy on Viet-Nam. During the rally and the march, the demonstrators paid homage to Comandante Ernesto Che Guevara. Some of them carried big portraits of the heroic guerrilla hero and of Fidel Castro. John Wilson, one of the Black leaders of the Stokely Carmichael group, requested a minute of silence — that was kept by the huge human mass — in memory of Comandante Guevara. In front of the Pentagon building, poster were displayed reading; “Avenge Che”. Another black leader, Lincoln Lynch, urged the Black soldiers Stationed in Viet-Nam to “tay down arms by the thousands, by the tens of thousands, and return to the United States and wage the battle here.” After the speeches delivered by Dr. Benjamin Spock and Juan Mari Bras, teader of the Movimienio Pro-lndependencia de Puerto Rico (Movement for the Independence of Puerto Rico), a torch was lit from a flame brought to Washington from Hiroshima and all the way across the country in a marathon. In spite of the many sieps taken by the U.S. government to boycott and repress the demonstration, about 20 citizens were able to break into the Peniagon and to express their repudiation for the “dirty war in Viet-Nam”. A local newspaperman reported that soldiers armed with bayonets brutally attacked the group. In ih first clash inside the building, of them were knocked down unconscious. A girl in the group was trampled under foot by the soldiers. In the meantime, two thousand persons sat down on the steps leading to the entrance of the Pentagon, in open defiance of military brutality. According to the first reports, a total of 123 demonstrators were arrested in an effort to frighten away the human wave. The demonstration was considered the biggest ever held in the United States against any government. GUATEMALA A commando unit of the Rebel Armed Forces (FAR) attacked a place called San Cristobal, in the northern part of the country. The action of the revolutionaries forced the soldier of Mendez Montenegro’s Army — who usually camp at the home of a local hacienda owner — to retreat hastly. On their withdrawal from San Cristobal, the revolutionaries took back with them arms, ammunition, and food which they purchased there. Reporting on this action, the daily paper La Prensa, pointed out that the guerrillas, four in all, had beards and seemed to have come a long distance on foot. Meanwhile, an Army secret agent was brought to justice in the Trementina village, Zapaca Department, near the _ sierras where the FAR headquarters of the “Edgar Ibarra” Front is located. The informer belonged to the “Captain General Rafael Cabrera” military brigade and his name was Jesus Oliva Guevara. He was sentenced to death charged with 46 supplying information to _ the Guatemalan army on the rebel’s movements in the area. NICARAGUA Hours after Anastasio Somoza, head of the Nicaraguan military regime, ratified to foreign newspapermen that the guerrillas in the north of the country had been wiped out, increased revolutionary activity of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) rebel groups was reported in that area. The conservative newspaper La Prensa — which forms part of the legal opposition — reported that the rebel movements to the north of Nicaragua extend to various other zones, in addition to those where they were already carrying out operations. Up to the present time, the guerrillas had been reportedly located in the mountainous regions of Matagalpa, Jinotega, near the San Ramon municipalities and in the Pancazan Sierras, all located in the Segovia Cordillera. Meanwhile, reports of increased repressive actions against the peasantry by the National Guard keep pouring into Managua. Various student labor and political organizations coincided in denouncing the atrocities perpetrated by the army — including murders, mass arrests and _torture — which have increased lately, especially in the zone where the guerrilla groups operate. COLOMBIA Detachments of Colombia’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) engaged in a battle against regular army units in the jungle regions of the Caqueta intendancy, about 400 kilometers south of Bogota. The Ninth Brigade Command issued a comunique in the city of Nieva, capital of the Huila Department, reporting an armed clash in the Riecito area, in the same intendancy. In Bogota, it was officially announced that at least one police sergeant had been killed as a result of an ambush laid for a military patrol in the Jesus Maria municipality, Santander Department. The name of the dead sergeant was not officially disclosed, but it was reported that the ambush took place a few kilometers away from a military post located in Santa Helena. At the same time, army patrols searched for the guerrillas that had carried out an attack against the Texas Petroleum Company oil fields, shouting, “this is ‘Operation Che Guevara’!” The action — which took place in the Boyacaé Department — was rather significant since it obviously constituted the guerrillas’ answer to the warning issued by the country’s military command urging the rebels either to surrender or face a “mopping-up operation.” The army did not try to conceal its surprise at having these guerrilla actions take place in the Boyaca Department. Up to now, the military chiefs considered that all guerrilla activities were confined to the Santander Department in that zone. During the guerrilla action in the Texas Petroleum Co. oil fields, at which the rebels threw incendiary bombas, the army patrol guarding the interests of the Yankee company was taken by surprise by the guerrillas, who dynamited a stretch of the road that the patrol had to pass over. VENEZUELA Police forces and the members of a revolutionary commando unit that seized the U. S. Texplex Glass company in the Chazuarama district of Caracas, engaged in heavy fighting, as a result of which three repressive police agents and one of the combatants were killed. INNAC, the official news agency disclosed that at least three soldiers had been killed in an ambush against a hunters’ patrol (special antiguerrilla units) laid by the guerrilla detachments of the Simon Bolivar column of the FLN-FALN. The report added that the patrol had been ambushed by the revolutionaries while on a “routine inspection” in the villages of Guabina and Santa Inés in the mountains of the Urdaneta district of Lara State, a zone bordering on Falcon. Meanwhile, the Caracas press reported that four soldiers were killed when a guerrilla detachment attacked a military post and ambushed a National Guard patrol, mid-way between the towns of Santa Teresa de Tuy and Altagracia de Orituco in the Bachiller mountains. According to a Caracas newspaper, after the action the revolutionaries went back into the mountains where the “Ezequiel 47 Zamora” guerrillas front has its headquarters. Additional movements of the guerrilla detachments of Lara State were also reported. Newspapers referred to several clashes between government troops and the revolutionaries. BOLIVIA In Camiri the Military Tribunal reopened the public trial against the French writer, Regis Debray, the Argentinian, Ciro Roberto Bustos and the 5 Bolivians accused of taking part in the guerrilla movement. Upon reopening the debates, suspended last September 27, Debray’s defense attorney read a brief in which he pointed out that “sufficient proof” did not exist for trying the defendant. Meanwhile, Debray told the press that he had not been allowed to take part in the trial against him at any time and that he was forced to sit by passively “while the prosecuting at- ~torney launched)a series of baseless charges against me.” In an interview with newsman, Carlos Nunez, Debray stated: “...the problem is that if the facts are taken into consideration, I don’t belong in 48 this judicial farce. If militancy and intentions are taken into consideration, I do indeed belong here... Innocent of the charges against me, naturally, but guilty of being a revolutionary.” As this bulletin goes to press, it was announced that Debray and Bustos were condemned to 30 years in prison. COSTA RICA A detailed pamphlet on the history of the Yankee aggression against the Vietnamese people is being circulated in Costa Rica as part of this country’s Campaign of Solidarity with Viet-Nam. The pamphlet is a publication of the Costa Rican National Committee for Solidarity with Viet-Nam, and it has been compiled by newsman Adolfo Herrera Garcia. In the introduction, Arnoldo Ferreto, president of the Committee, says that the interesting report fulfills the objective of bringing to the Costa Rican people the truth about the war in Viet-Nam, as an expression of solidarity with the heroic struggle of that nation and in fulfillment of the duty of exposing the imperialist, aggressive and criminal foreign policy of the U.S. government. ZANZIBAR December 10 — INDEPENDENCE OF ZANZIBAR — On December 10, 1963 — after 70 long years of British colonial exploitation — the protectorate of Zanzibar and Pembo became the 33rd “independent” state of Africa. However, the government which took power immediately initiated a plan of repression. In answer to this fraud, a group of leaders, followed by the masses, took power by means of an armed movement which took place on January 12, 1964. The quick success and perspectives of the movement provoked the immediate fury and alarm of the most reactionary sectors of the capitalist camp. Abaid Karume, leader of the Afro-Shirazi Party, was appointed president of the new People’s Republic of Zanzibar, while Mohamed Babu, the leader and founder of the militant Umma Party who was persecuted and imprisoned for his revolutionary activities, was appointed Minister of Foreign Relations.. The governments of Tanganyka and Zanzibar officially announced their decision to unite both nations into one single state as of April 25, 1964. The definitive name of the new state is United Republic of Tanzania. Under the presidency of Julius Nyerere, leader of the Tanganyka African National Union (TANU) and the vice-presidency of Karume the new republic marches along the road to progress. 49 ANNIVERSARIES: 50 ANTONIO JOSE DE SUCRE December 9 — BATTLE OF AYACUCHO: The decisive episode in the struggle for the independence of Spanish America took place on December 9, 1824, in the high Peruvian plains of Ayacucho, when the royalist forces were completely routed by the patriots, commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, among whom were Venezuelan, Colombian, Ecuatorian, Peruvian, Chilean and Argentine soldiers. In this battle the Spanish regent, Baldomero Espartero, surrendered to the South American marshal. A group of officers, derisively called in Spain “the Ayacucheans,” also surrendered with him. Simon Bolivar, the Liberator, entered Lima on July 6, 1821, and on the 28 proclaimed the independence of Peru, leading the war until he attained the two victories which put an end to the Spanish domination of South America. The first was Junin, and the last — Ayacucho — culminated in the final expulsion of the forces of the mother country.. ANNIVERSARIES: KENYA December 12 — DAY OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF KENYA — The people of Kenya, the victims of a century-old colonialist exploitation who attained their independence on December 12, 1963, are today suffering the results of the vacillating policy of their governmental] leaders. Economically dependent on the British government and progressively penetrated by U.S. and Western German capital, the Kenya government has adopted a repressive attitude against the progressive internal forces. A magazine recently reported that the government of Kenya — together with the Central African Republic — are the two African nations that most openly support the aggressive policy of the United States in Viet Nam, on the rostrum of the United Nations. Also, Kenya did not keep the agreements to break diplomatic relations with Great Britain, as a protest against the policy of Prime Minister Harold Wilson, relative to the racialist regime of Ian Smith. After an acute crisis the governmental party (Kenya African National Union — KANU), Oginga Odinga, Vice-President of the nation, was deposed from his post. After this event, a group of congressmen resigned from the KANU. Odinga headed a new party, the Kenyan Popular Union (KPU), which was joined by the dissident congressmen who had resigned from the KANU, as well as other progressive elements in the country. The members of the KPU have been persecuted and a great many of them have been imprisoned because of alleged subversive activities. DECLARATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL CONDEMNING THE AGGRESSIONS OF THE PORTUGUESE REGIME AGAINST THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA. (October 28, 1967) On October 4, the Portuguese air force bombed the village of Kakondi, causing the death of eleven citizens, among which were two children and two old people. This new aggression perpetrated by Portuguese colonialism, is part of a series of attacks launched by Salazar’s government against the Republic of Guinea, since February 1965. The document states that since October 2, date when the VIII Congress of the Guinean Democratic Party (GDP) concluded, Portugal has unceasingly increased its attacks against the Republic of Guinea, perpetrating with its air force 45 violations of the Guinean air space, and this between October 2 and 15 only. The Executive Secretariat of the OSPAAAL strongly condemns the aggressions of Portuguese colonialists against the Republic of Guinea with the support of the German Federal Republic and of Yankee imperialists, and calls on all peoples in the three continents, 52 APPEALS AND MESSAGES on all revolutionaries and all progressive movements, to denounce these aggressions and to extend their decided support to the firm stand of the government headed by the Guinean leader, Ahmed Sékou Touré. EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL APPEAL OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL, ON THE OCCASION OF THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF VENEZUELA (NOVEMBER 21) November 21, 1957 was a day of intense revolutionary fighting, carried out by the youth of Venezuela, against the tyrannny of Pérez Jiménez. The University and High School students, brutally repressed by the dictatorship, were always present in the front trenches of freedom, soldered to the most active and revolutionary forces of the nation. Many of the leaders who are now directing the armed struggle have emerged from their ranks, and many others offered up _ their blood while fighting against the oppressor, the imperialist exploiter of the people. In Venezuela, states the OSPAAAL declaration, the huge oil wealth, the iron and bauxite mines are all in the hands of the imperialists, while the people suffer poverty and hunger, remaining postrated in their underdevelopment while watching as hundreds of millions of dollars leave the country every year, in the form of profits going, mostly, to the United States. - The dignity of the nation. is trampled upon day by day. The traditional culture and its history is soiled and corrupted by the treason of the oligarchies and their reactionary and defeatist govern-. ments. The revolutionary forces are also confronting ideologically the defeatist and opportunist position of those who, calling themselves revolutionaries, abandon the armed struggle and lend themselves to the political schemings of the reaction and of imperialism. The Executive Secretariat of the OSPAAAL wishes to express its firmest support to the Unified led by Comandante Douglas Bravo, as well as to the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, headed by Moises Moleiro, Secretary General (ad interim), revolutionary organizations who are heroically fighting an internecine war against imperialism and its varlets; and to all the patriots who, regardless of ideological differences, march through the only road that leads to the liberation of the nation: the armed struggle. The declaration further states: “Today, more than ever, confronted with the direct intervention of Yankee imperialism in the land of Venezuela, the Executive Secretariat of the OSPAAAL calls on all member organizations as well as on all revolutionary and progressive organizations, to develop their active and militant solidarity with the valiant people of Venezuela. DECLARATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL ON THE CONTINUED BOMBINGS PERPETRATED BY U.S. IMPERIALISM AGAINST HANOI, CAPITAL OF THE DRV, SINCE OCTOBER 24, 1967 ‘Since October 24, 1967, U.S. imperialists..have increased their 53 air attacks against the populated areas of the center and suburbs of the city of Hanoi, capital of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, killing and wounding over-.200 people and destroying over 150 dwellings in the-city of Hanoi. The previous brutal attacks against the port city of Haiphong and the Demilitarized Zone, as well as the bombings and strafings against Hanoi, the capital, constitute an extremely serious additional step in the escalation and a brazenly overt and insolent violation of the sovereignty of the DRV, an independent country and member of the socialist camp. U.S. imperialism has openly violated international norms and the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam, impudently ignoring the vigorous condemnation of world public opinion. In their. declaration, the Executive Secretariat of the OS- PAAAL reaffirms its total support of the Declaration issued by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam on October 30, 1967; categorically denounces the criminal acts of war committed by the Johnson Administration, and demands that U.S. imperialists totally and unconditionally cease the bombings, strafings and other acts of war against the DRV; that they put a stop to their war of aggression in Viet-Nam, let the South Vietnamese people settle their own affairs by themselves and respect the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of Viet-Nam. DECLARATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL CONDEMNING THE CRIMES COMMITTED BY THE MILITARY REGIME OF | INDONESIA AND DEMANDING THE RELEASE OF THE PATRIOTS ARRESTED The reactionary Suharto-Nasution military regime, right after seizing power with the support of U.S. imperialism in October 1965, unleashed a ferocious repression against the Indonesian people. Hundreds of thousands of patriots have been murdered, whole families have been massacred, thousands of persons imprisoned, all progressive parties and organizations have been dissolved and their offices destroyed. Many of these murders were committed in broad daylight and the wave of crimes reached such a degree, that it affected the Chinese residents in Indonesia, many of whom have been killed and their properties looted. At the same time, the military regime welcomed imperialist economic penetration once more, returning all the enterprises that had been nationalized to the international monopoly cartels, and has brazenly placed the country under the domination of Yankee imperialism. Following the directives of its masters, in the international field the Indonesian reactionary regime has connived with the puppet cliques of Formosa, Malasia, Thailand, South Korea and South Viet-Nam to repress the national liberation movement of the Afro- Asian peoples. At present, thousands of men and women endure inhuman tortures and humiliations in the Indonesian dungeons and many of them have been sentenced to death, including: Njono, Sudisman, Sakirman, Rewang, Latief, Sujono, Sutanti, Aidit, Omar Dani and other patriots. However, these crimes will not remain unavenged. The people of Indonesia face their executioners with courage and decision and have unleashed a_ revolutionary armed struggle in the jungle, successfully fighting against the reactionary army in Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi and other islands. The Executive Secretariat of the OSPAAAL fully supports the heroic struggle of the Indonesian people against the criminal Suharto-Nasution reactionary dictatorship and calls on all progressive and revolutionary forces to organize an international campaign demanding the release of the arrested patriots who are in danger of being assassinated and in support of the revolutionary struggle of the Indonesian people against the military regime. Likewise, it calls on all the popular and anti-imperialist governments to refrain from giving any technical and economic aid, or selling any war materiel to the fascist Indonesian government. The Indonesian people will win! EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OF THE OSPAAAL Havana, November 11, 1967. TRICONTINENTAL BULLETIN EES PUBLISHED IN SPANISH, ENGLISH AND FRENCH BY THE EXECUTIVE SECRE- TARIAT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SOLIDARITY OF THE PEOPLES OF AFRICA ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA. Tricontinental Bulletin authorizes the total or partial reproduction of its articles. and informations. OSPAAAL P.O.B. 4224 Radiograme OSPAAAL Havana, Cuba Year II No; - 21° December, 1967