TAPOL Bulletin No. 3, January 1974 - The Tapols: case notes on Mrs Siti Mudigdio, Member of Parliament

=== [Page 1] === Tapol bulletin no, 3, January 1974 This is the Published version of the following publication UNSPECIFIED (1974) Tapol bulletin no, 3, January 1974. Tapol bulletin (3). pp. 1-14. ISSN 1356-1154 The publisher’s official version can be found at Note that access to this version may require subscription. Downloaded from VU Research Repository https://vuir.vu.edu.au/26442/ === [Page 2] === BRITISH C.Al'l.~·~IGN FOR THE RELEASE OF I~'"DONESIAN. ~OLITICAL PRISONERS Bulletin No. 3 January 1974 C 0 N T E NT S EDITORIAL C.A.."1?AIGN NEWS: TAPOL Strongly Disapproves of Queen's Visit to Indonesia Campaign Activities During December IGGI Meeting Campaign for the Release of Imprisoned MJ?s Australian MPs, TU and Church Leaders' Statement NEWS FROM INDONESIA: D~monstrations and.Arrests During I'i'll Tanaka's Visit Tapols Dying of Starvation in Indonesia KOl'KAMTTB is Unconstitutional, Says Indonesian Lawyer A Glimnse of Conditions on Buru Presid ~nt Suharto 1 s J,etter to Pramudya: Ananta. Tur! Purge of all Category C Govern..liie:it Employees Lawyers, Students and Professors Arrested in New Wave of Repression SPOTLIGHT ON TORr.I.1UR:b;: Accused Exposes Torture J.n Military Detcn.tion Centre Amnesty International Report on Torture: Torture in Indonesia 10 11 11 12 13 '.I'EE TAPOLS - CASE NOTES: Mrs SJ.ti Mudigdio, Membt:T of Parlia~cnt Njornan S. J1endit, writer and translator Correspondence to: TAPOL, 103, Tj_lehur.st Road, Vnndsworth Common, London, S.W.18. 14 14 === [Page 3] === - 2 EDITORitQ::. When.in October last ye8.r, General Su.mitro, chief of the all-uo·.~1 erful security comma:nc1., KOPK.:i..LT IB, and the ProsecutorGe!~ero.1, 13ri{;-Gf1!<:'rnl Ali ~c:ii~ visi t~d Bur1:1 _,_Detention.~amp_. ~cvcral dnya~ accocpenrea by chief ed1~ors, psychiatrists:.~~:-: l~rr<:e ento~rai:;e of Ar:my officer0 1 this v;as. certainly no were all too obvious. ·, A fevr·.we~.}::s lat~r-! Lr. J.A~.Pr~:mk..;.i.Jlitch i.:inister for DevelOJ?:ment Co-oreration and chaiTD-ian'-of1 -:~"th~, -InterGoveI'!1I'lental Group on lnconesi'a, was due. in Inaones.la,.·for, talJf.:s with Indonesi~n offici8J::s and. ~h_e.. IGGI v:ns:preparing· ·t.o hold i to '.L'te Btrru visit was a piece of v.'iJ?.dow-dressin'g /:/ilitend..e'd. to inoress foreign critico and Governments. The I~done~ian G6verrirr:ent knows very well that the ·go"vernmer.ts of IGGI memger-state;s are beco~dng much better informed about the tanols. Yet, whatever the intentions of the visit, it has pro•.rided new. ·informatio~ about the deplorable sufferings and frustrations of the Euru detainees. Wt.a-'.;eve:r is done to r:ake Bur;.l. appear to be a l:ernittinc the 11 social i:;itegrEtion 11 o.f ~here~ it remains a glarinG ex&mple of t:ie gros3 injustice of political detention wil.::..cl: st:.11 exists ffiOre than eight years after the 1965 events. the E c~~egory detainees 11 And Buru represents r.ut a sr~all segr11erit af the tar::..<?)_ pcpula tion. Even as the hue ar!d cry Sllr!·ou..vidtng Su.mj.tro's visi:: ·.,.8.s just oegin~ing to die dawn, reports ·; ere being ror.f:ive(: th.at tl:.e r-·~.-"=·.-.-}'r-1·~;:;-,;,.,t''<t"' ~ave n0w been r~duced in Gany pl~c~s to starva~io~ prapo~tians. .._.11·::it ""'r...1 tr~'~ ·s c=c'1)•·i pression, had no other '/;av 1Jut 'co vent «:huir::;.;i.n~'.~ at foreir·'1 loJ1rne:nt 1"c:'an"-' "·r"uc: dYoo1·1:::t:-..· r..-,..o rle by troops and Rt least te~_~erc · Y'o(~ s e v er:.::l r,.i· i... 'U' 1 "' ~,·o LlS ~?~a~retors were f~rcd upo~ c.nd university buildings '<-:ere occu;)ied by trocps. r·e.,-.·re .••••e:•r.i•rp and after the demonstr&~ions ~re ,-1.......,~-J·,1c:··t W'.'l.d. another reflectic~ of the tr.e r..~le of' J::w!;ihj ch has been ShOvrn i':Q"1·ardc..:-l-1n v"-'t.l..4.~ ·~r·i L'011erc for whom TAJ?OL iB car:1m1igning. I'~iere; is good re25on., to believe "hose tano:;ts who havt" ht::i::n in prir::on 21.ren.dy:fo1· so r:Jany years. This rnea:ns thot O\~r efforts on behalf oi' ln~!0.!1c~;"i[!.' s pol i-. ont to araw atte•Y1t.1on .,·heir ~·. 111:rl1·•· Vcrnmcrnts, n<·r~iCll) "1rlv t1-,er-::e +v!;lt nCJ' nrr nco"'OI:.,..L.: === [Page 4] === ·fAl'OL Strongl:'{ DisaJ?:Qroves of Queen's Visit to Indonesia ,' The spon$Ors and. members of TAFOL have expressed strong a1s.:0val of the forth~oming visit by Queen Elizabeth to Indone~ The Queen w·ill be maki:q.g a State Visit to Indonesia from ~2 March. ~· TX? ·~~: 1 s disapproval ·was expressed in a letter sent on 18th ~tJ.arY:0 tht4' Prime h-iinister, rJr. Edward Heath, the Foreign Se~tarY, Sir Alec Douglas-Home and other members of the Governto the Leader of the Opposition, 1-lr. Harold Wilson and othiOpposi tion leaders, and to the Leader of the Liberal Party, Mr. •e!llY Tl1orpe. It was also sent to the Heads of Government of ~ 2 6 colillD.onwe al th countries. The statement reads as follows: "The Sponsors and nembers of TAPOL are deeply concerned over the announcemer.t that Her 1Iajesty the Queen will be making a. State Visit to Indonesia in March.. ''Although we appreciate that Her Majestyts.. Government is anxious. to strengthen its ties with Indonesia which is the lar~est and most populous country in South East Asia, we cannot but exp.2'.'ess our strong disapproval of a State visit by the Quet:m at a +.i:?J.e when the Indonesian Government still holrla in detention \.:ithou't trial tens of thousands of political prisoners, mr.ny of Yrhom have beer.. in prison for more than eight years. "Such a visit vrnµld inc ·ri tably be seen internationally as condonati·on of this d-.:plor2b~Le state of affairs. Nor would it be in keeping \.vi th Brita.in 1 s traditional attitude towards human rights. 0 We f,901 mo:::;+.::>t:rongly that such a visit should only take place i.f the· l:~doner.Jian G::n.·0rn£lent vrnre to givo firm assurances that ·i. ~·1e 0oli ~.j.cul ~)risoners will be.:released immediately or brought.. to t.ric.;.l v,tj_thout delay in accordance With the princi11lr; s of the rule of law. 11 Ccm.oaign 'i'h-e Irrter... GovcrJ11r.cmtal G::-oup on Indonesia, the i.n ternt;ltional consortiurn foi, Indonosias held j ts second 1973 meeting o~e 12 December in Ameste:rdam. Thu EH3cting was attended by. all memstates:.Australia~ Belgium, C2.nada, Fr<:nce, West Germany, In~sta, Italy, J~pan, Hetherl<:i.!1ds, Nc:v1 Zealand, United Kingdom. ~he USA.?bserver cov.ntries prese:::t were: Austria, Denmark, 7t-·Y. _and Swi.tzerlnnd.. 'Ihe \io:rld I1o n k, International Icionetary:, the UN Deve1opr:1Cnt IJrogramrnc a!:d the Asian Development Bank ,.The r~eetj.ng decided to fH1-Pf>ly ·~HJ50 million during the 1974/ ~idnanc~al year by compnris Jn with ~840._? million actually pro1 understood _.:'r·cm v?!'Y re} ~a~:JJ. e:~ uou~·ces thnt, for the time' the qt,eq .tg ~he p.~enary se:.:;si •J~1 of ·the lG-Gl and was also discussed dur·n~~~·:.~ h~t.ween ~lcle:gc.tc;.7 ou~Jsi(~<:; the offj c.i.al sessionG. Tbc 'h e f _ore · iGn :t·---Ul1l::1.::.J...,r· concern :t It. is === [Page 5] === Furthermore, L:.. Jan Pron..1.c, Ne therlru1ds I<:ini.ster· for Deve- ·.'; ~. i ted Jndonesia in..{CVGIJ.ber 19 73 to hold discussions · ~with'.· Indone~ sian officials, told a press con~erence. _ j~tst bef9r~_ his,. depart. ure ·.from Jakarta that the fate 01 Indonesia's -tapols.-:veryh _·much, affecied the Dutch outlook towards Indonesia. He had ~iscussed the tapol question v1ith security chief, General Sumitro, he. said, on behalf of his. colleabue, Foreign 1i.inister van · der Stoel who._,, 2:_;.ld be visiting Indonesia in January. He had told. the s~curi ty c::--"..'..::.:' i:;hat the taE.ol question was very much alive _in Ho.lland. Fr. Pronk also said that he had been told about General Sumi tro' s visit to Buru Island by the Indonesian Attorney-General, Ali Said, who claimed thDt there had been a relaxation of internment rules· in Buru, and that an official promise. had been given that prisoners would be set free "as soon as society-.:is · prepared to accept them". During the t\;ro days of the IGGI meeting in. Anl_~ -~~r~?-m,_ cam-:-:,!, paign activities w&re held i~-1 Amsterdal!l and London:;to protest against, and dra...-r attent3..o;: to, the continued detent.~·on:_:O. f many tens of thousands of tnpols in Ir..do:nesia. Cammi ttee, J Accuse a'.'}~..Jther Groups. On 10th Dec·emhet. ~ ·-a public r.ieetiYig was held undc-r L:c:::loga~:~ 11 Jakarta-Jakarta, the Cry of · the Chilean Ju:nta 11 0:'.~ e cf t!-1e speakers -explai!1ed ·that 7 several · -.. ·we::lCS bGfore the ove:rt!:.;::·o•.: of the Alle11d.2.. Govf;rnment, the words Jaj::::.:::--to.-t.THkarta had be c::-: s cra\'1lcd or. the walls,.a warning that the events of 1 965 in '.:r1d:Jr!esi2 '.'!Ould s_oon be repe 'a tcd i~ Chile.. Prof:. Wertheim, C~u::,:'..rr:1ar: of the ])utch-~ndonesian Com.w.i t-Gee.,;.. ~ and golf-clubs be had (n o few~r tho~ 2,000. ~~e~; h~. told the preBE some.time ago!} yet he wa s incapable of prod~biµ~:~r~ci~e and re-= liable figures of the:: n':J!'~J; e:!'.' of tapols his security command., KOI>K'-.-.J•. fl,..,..,1 IT-: In Amsterdam l't'~U T~1e meetinr.; v.ras <· ~lsc ~:~dd~-es50d by Ers. Carmel Eudiard.jo 1:::;. Briti$h woman who r;j) c r:t thr c f:: yc<..\rG ns ci ~al in ·1ndol1e;si::i.. She told the r:1eeting of th~ 2 p p ~~llin.:: conditions in Vihich. the ta pol~. were held, of the tortLlr;:;,; e::.i:C. bE:atings she had wi t:-,essed. or cve!'heard, and of th(2 many •,.1·01;!r.;:::in pr:Ls on who had no contac·t with their families or infor~~tion 2bcut the whereabouts of the children. T-rJ.r •• <JoX:ar-, ta, anc. sne:aid thr::.t 1 ~-' ~~: r. o'J.b.'.": she 2'.'E:'cocn1sed. there was c.anger for hin and other rl.:L1ti v~: ~;::!~·:d frie!'lds of hers in IndG'!'ier;;tt-l if' she spoke out n:J.blj c1v. dtE: r:evcrthe1ess felt col!lnelled to make known wh:.::. t sho · knev ii·~i;;;;c:i~ so~:a.1 experience to true. Weis she herself ever intimidated by the Indo~esi0n authofi~{e~? · Ye~; at · · the commencement of. tt.:.:t v ery rJeeting, she t:.c.\d -beei{"ap·r,-r.oache·d. by ~n Indonesian vfr10 intro ·:.Ll CCCl hir.rnc1f as m> cffi· ci~·l -renrcsf:11--t81.::1_ve of the Ind or.es im: At ~ c rney-G 021oral 's Office, who •told her · ·<: tr1.:1.t ne wi:.:11cd to li~dc··:1 to Pvc:>rythinc t:i;:-~i; s!H.-~ nas about to m:.y,.·. ni:i~ tnen assc:rted tlw ·~!·H-:: ' husband's ccnc v1as "being talcen up 11 .nc had toJ.a her that he •:·:..i,-: he~. ·c o r.;pcaY.. to:'!.er after the _ me:eting; ··. left the h21J abruntl.v, socn after she hed related this inci- ·: ctent. ·:..i.::::(: 2.f;O ln d onos.ian Govcrn.ment h.nd. pro hi bit inf~ ci vj. l servants from '. l!This is probably the firL~ t tt1ne· === [Page 6] === ~r,;, she said, :}n v'lTi tten! 11 - 5 t]w t u book has been banned ever before it has on 11th Deceuber, de:::~nstrators appeared at the hotel where delegates were staying and distributed material containing:·ormation.about. the _:!;apol situation in Indonesia.. A demonstra.:.n of protest about the _taool~ was held outside the venue of meeting as delegates ayrived for the first session. A Vigil was held outside the Indonesian Bto.bassy in ~ting in Xroste~dam. This was tho third Vigil, the first being ;ing tl:e two days of the ~GGI ~ueeting in May and the second be-· -r on 1';tll..August, Indonesia s independence· day. The attendance Ls time was small~r than usual as it coincideq with· the.Amnesty Paris and many regular supporters.were · Tie raa.in object of our &ctivity is to gain maximwn. publieity: th: predic~Eent of Indonesia's t_?._EOls. Previous Vigils have Lpe( very much in this way. We would like to invi to comments )ID.JUX reade:::-s in Britain on tho advisability ~e Vigils at regular intervals, and to invite of arranging.futoo your su.ggesm for other forms of activity to undertake. Vte look forward to u active participation in future campaigning events-. ,_;;:;.:ii0ai,gn for the Release of Indonesian KPs in Prison ,A!nnesty International has launched a specio.l.cam:paig:n for release of Indonesian i·~?s in p:riso:n. All riational Sections Amnesty have been circul2rised wit~ a list of 17 NPs i:n prison ·-·e the:r with biographical dnta and information about their imsonment and present place of detention. National Sections· have n nslced to launch campuir;.ns on thei:r behalf umong l.E'Ps in their coun-r!'y, by suggesting th~ t I<Ps, regardless of political afietion write to the Indonesian PrE:sident u.rging him to bring se MPs to trial iminediately or r~lcasc them Vii thout delay~ The list vvhich iricJ.udef.=> several women PI::Is is by no means comte; it includes only those names knovrn to the International reta!':i.at of Amnesty. The German National tlc:ct:i.on of Amnesty ran a car.Jpaign o:r th.iq ure in November last yea:t,.arid a nm1ber of German l{Ps of o.11 ties:responded by writj.ng to President Suharto. AJlmesty Na'.1.al Section in the Faroe Ts1es has announced its inter:.tiox.·- to ~ part in this campaign. Re.adors of TAPOL:Bulletir1 wishing to "more should. vtr:ite to AI International Secret.a.ric.t, 53, Theoj 's Road, London WClX 8SI1 • Au~Ltr::Uian MPs_)_ TU u:r:d Church Leaders Issue Statement Twenty-six Australian NPs and Senators together with many lin~ il:ade UDio:nists and church dignitaries including the Ang1iPr1mate.Archibi.shop Sir Frank Woods issued c stBtement last;h condel1l:Ill1t: the· continued detention without triaJ. of large ers of people in In~onesia. . T~e s~ntement sayn; 11 '.f~hu contbmation of this.situation is, ".:~·l'? out~::, i de wor1d to the ima.r;c of Indonesia in.Australia ~~:~mw:hi~e, a CornL:i ttec~ for 1nclonetdan Poli ti eel Prisoners h.aG oet ~ Ll"t . vntrt ra 1 l~~ === [Page 7] === ·:::::e Corrrmi tte- nrc: * to secure the rcl6~se or fair and open trinl of all Indonesi2.n t~ols ameliorate their condi~ions and ·those· their fa~ilies * to secure equnl rights i:;,,~d. opportunities for released detainees and their families. The Comnittc-:.:;.'s adcl.re:.:is io~ PO Box 333, Prahrc..n, Vic 3181. The students - During PI,i_.1anaka' s Vis·i t der.1on::-:trutions which swept Jakarta during the Japanese Frir.Jc Einister's tvm-day visit c·ame. as the climax of several months 1J...~rest Hnonr: students in Jakt.rt_a··.·and other mn j ci~ towns, ir.cl udi nr. Yo0j akarta, Bandung an~:$ur?;baya. Ever si!!C2 October last ye2r, feelings have been.running: )1igh 'over curre~t econor:i.ic cevelo-pment v/hich is leading to an ever-~viden- · ins f.UP between Ticb.I. Tr.e targets of the protests have sv:i tched from ter.hnocrats to c0rrurtors, to foreisn investorG 8nd aid~ivers, n~d have eve~ included criticism of the.all-powerful KCJ':'.:~\.:: ·T I3 it~ elf. Tr_e 1,en~ral grj_ evances underlying these prates ts have b~e~ risin? prices, failure to improve the sociel s.:; rv:. '~G::;, i r:: c ren~i:.i.nr L~:· e!Jlployner,t, the bankruptcy of na ti 0:1~.!l •,2::-:,:--::-·:-,rl.s.es in thE· f.~ce of the i1!flux of forei;~.r; capital, the nu.Eerous casec cf disposses~1io!1 of pcaaant:'.3 anrl \"OrDen:!_n~ corruption. (One IndonesiQn politician estimatas th~t corruption now nccou.,,"l,is for thirty percent of the national ir,cone.) karta adopted~ petition listing the priorities to ~hich cavern-_. men t ought to g:._ ve t:, tt er:tion, nnG. when the Dute!'~ 1.iini st er::Cc.·r nirp1Jrt; Otud.e:nts VihO had (;Ot thrOU[;Il the e,.-.r-·-.0,.,.,1-J·C.-'in,.-n: n"""r.~"11+ role c·oiiv,-l·1·j 11 that providu aid for this development. bodies began to i!lllShrooru: the Ir:dO:l'H·)~3i2 Lost of rJJC Dejt-?~yinG Ge~eru~io~ and others. A Dajor, but certai~ly nnt or; onf~ occat3iot1, sttHh:·t!tS clinbe·~. to the top of the 22.-~torei.: ·neon "'•dve·r•· '' 1 u--"'C)+..-, Cl ·'r1ci.....," f-..J b·-,air .C.l..,O. "''J"'tr.:·c1' .!....-.1 ctic l1t.oa 01" L..aV"J. 11 "<'l)e-V'I t 11'" c'tem. QY·- -''. '. str.::~t:i.or:s <'!1"T' .,LOJ === [Page 8] === - 7 nister _Adam ·Kalik confirmed that tJ:ie vi_~i ~ would go ahead and ths.t it vwuld be better for the Prirae L~.n1~ter t,o. come and see the problems for himself" rather than 11 sitting benind a table". As thines tu.rned out, he could do little more than sit behind the four walls ·of the presidential guesthouse. The demonstrations continued during the two days of the vis~.~ d·;;spi te warnings_ by the Army Chief Commander that such 11 t-reason 11 and that people attacking Japanese 2 c-:;:::...'.:.~:;.es were goods i·Jlbuld be shot on sight. According to I\~·PK.Al.ZrIBt eleven people were killed and several hundred injured. Immediately after Tanaka's departure, the Army began a round-up of student leaders and intellectuals as part of a major investigation into the causes of the demonstrations, and also banned three amateur radios and a daily newspaper, Nusantara, in Jaknrta. The demonstrations and the repression which has followed in tneir wake will have a marked effect on political developments in IndonGsia. A period during which some licence was permitted to dissident forces out.of fear of antagc~ising them too much has corne to an end. Some of those arrested during the afterre~th nay possibly enter the ranks of the long-term. po·1i ti cal ~ prisoners. It is likely too that KOPKA.LTIB will seel{ for cu1pri ts an;ong ex-detainees and others connected v1i th organisations that:w.v-2 ·oe en be.nned since 1 965; 2. neVi wave cf a rrests can be expec:2i to ensu. Inevitably too, as is always the case when suer. ~-~-,,:::~.dents occur, the tapols will.suffer ~ew hardships. Ta no ls D_y_~ng of Stary_at i Oll in Irn.lcn esj.a..:v-i:J.?ri sons Alarming re ports have be en received thu t the:;1a t eri1:!l co:r:C.i tions under which the tap~)ls &re being:told are.:ur.ther deteriorc.ting nnd that malnutrition and stnrvot:...on a:::.·e becor:ii!:!t; r.iorc w:.:le~preud..A.n inflatj.onn.ry spiral in the prices of basic r.:ecess::li ties du;ring th8 Jx::.st fe1:v months:1as not beer: accompanteci by an ir.creaoe j_n the meagr<:: allocation of fm1ds for the upkeep Of the prisoners; on the contrary, worseni~g cconoaic conditions breed corr1.1pti on among offi. cers in charr;e of the pri soners a:ri d actually:::-educe the rnor10y avB.ilablc i'or the pr:::.soners 1 upkeep. A~ the same tices visitinG families are finding it even more difficult to take food to the prisons. Re?orts have been rec8ived thut:cod sunulies ~~ Salemba 'Pr~~rnn are now reduced. to 2 sinGle pl.~te of pc)Qr quality rice which is f'.llJ. of p:ri t;-.intl splint ere of p:lc.<sB. 'Ni -th this, 1he tap?JG get a sr;1ali. poTtion of v1at~ry vGg0tables and a s1~10.11 piece ~ t~mpe ( soy2bean cake), only boi 1ed; meat is a rarity a::d salte fisn t:!lso s~rved only infrequently. l.ar:.y of t!10 tanols, pari.-ic~l<:trly those who recei v c r! o s upplementDry sui:~p::!.i es -froi:i--reiati vc~~. ure sufforL1g from st£:.rvution arid disease$ caused by;:u.llnu~r1~:0~; i~ a single week in December, three tapols in this. 1eure d t'!la t, l. i'· iru:1edin o f rna 1 nut rJ.. t l. on..I......... is acti.0~1:i.s not taken to br).ng pressure to bcur for a.n irnprove~:~th1 n P~ts~n ratJons and proper provision of medicines, the eat toll VIJ.11 tncrease. Ii.1 the lo.r.>t j ssu.o of TAPOL Bulletin, ~·:e repol·tcd on the c~~~~~~ng conditions at Junbarc.wn. i)Tis on in Cc>n tr:--.1 J nva. Similar r:-i'\- ~ 1~ __1 c1;s p::tevaiJ at!Ca_+iso~olc Pr_ison nr.d Kcolen?risen in Su(~;~::~~~: 1 ii. t,. u ctetenti on c:.·rn1p on the outskiYts of i.J j ung Pandang of··:.··.··~..:~~.·.:.;;::J\G.s sn..r) ~ ~1orc thm1 3 ~)0 t:.:tbols are ~1c J d in con di ti ons lub~~to.f.._J.:i.:;.g squulor and are, in nd.rli tion, compelled. to do hard. · or lnc al co11m1ar.r1ern. === [Page 9] === The only reliable source of suppleme~tary fo6d is from and the nunber of those v-isiting and bringing food is decreasing, partly because of the increased cost of food and pnrtly b~cause of a new re~ulntion fo~ ~ purge of all c~tegory C civil servants (see pnge11) which nakes:peo1>le reluctant to reveal any_: relationship they nay have with persons iL prison. Conditions at the l:?la.r.tu..."lp;~.in \~or:ien s:Detentior: Co.mp in Cen-., - 1 J~vo arc ~l~o deteriorcting. There are 386 prisoners at the c~,_::: ~n.d severc.l small children; net more tha:.:.;:ibol..lt ten:.>er--ent receive food p~rcels o....~d most of them only infre~uently. Ratio~2 hz.we been reduced since the c~rnp wr..s first opened and the women no longer get anything for breakfast. Food rations are no better tho.n at Salenba except thc:.t r!ore Yceetables are availr:.blo from the gardens worked by the ~apols. The only source · of supplementEry sustenance for filost of the wonen is noney earned from the 0f handicrafts, but it tnkes several ~onths to ~ell these nnd furthermore J.:i~t of the proceeds is ·1 tost' on the way; the wocen are also heavily over-ch2rged for the materials s~lc prcc\~icts, they need for their hrrndwork. w-t1e-::e OLttside doctors or ·p:ri s oner-cLo ctors ex::P.i ne · prisoners a:r,d issue prescriptions, it is left t8 rcl2tivus to hnve tho prescr:i.-pV. on~.; f:i.11ed. ~e ~ ~~~~es for other prisoners to~; bcin,:~:;:'equestcd,to help wi t!1 inev~t~bly, the strnifi upon KOPIJJ.':L-I3 is Unconstituttonal. Su:vs Indonesi:~m:!.::~~·:-;;er iCOPK.PJ·:1 IB, the Arny Command respor!sibl~.: o.!' the 1.il.'t'est 2.~cof polj ti cul detainc~es ~J.nd::~J.~.10 for t~~e _!::·ene)r;::~ J. contr ~ J of the politic2l ~nd social life cf the country, ~~s ~een dc:~:cr:tior, f,...·r-.·r1·r· rrht :...ot<;.:r'<."ll\. a!' ~;_ 1, Ce r; t r.:.t 1 Sav n 1 as t no n t.!'~ • 11....~ KOPKJ~:TID is the abbrcvi~tion of Kcm~ndo Fc~ulih 2 ~ K0nonun Dan Ketertibun, the Conr.i<.md for t!1e Resto ·rat:ici:r~ oi--"1rec.;C.trit.y the 11th Harch 1966 surrender prcs~dential poWBTs to tl:e KCJ:PKAE'.rIB Cocrna."'i'J.d0r repcoled. nrgsnJ, he Guid, wuro a~ obstacle to the development cf dc~ o crucy :ndon~siu. Cor:::pJ.n.i::its about KO?KliJ',:'I IB '.:; ~3 uper-9owe rs Wf!I'.C a:u o 1.ro i. ced oy ~Iar:i.man SirE:gar, Chairmn.r. of the StLldey;ts Cou...YJ.cil of t,!~c l.Jn"i?ersi ty of Indonc~in. j_n Jaknrtu.. CocMentinf; er:..: st~~,;erncr:t by Y.OPiCJJ:·~ I.B ue pu.ty-CorrnK1nd er, Adii1ir<.~l S uc[ ono warn j 11£; pe oplG c.--:.g~:i:is <lr1.hir-1r.-r.: ~nit<:: li_i1inp· ·f-:r1··,1Jv e:-:cecc:;._·'i ·o<)l'11c·1· .·'7>.ft::·r:-~'-•I'u'il\r ~~s:u:~et; ~~on _ of a supru-structu=e j~otiiution, supericr -:J"1· ·i_,_'-.lv.. 1',C-•11lt ~....,-,,\.L_ 11 to Parli;:imc~t ~O?K~;~IB StYucture d <>r:J 'JI., n· 1.,., 0 IJ.::iu etl""' .·: '·- '>~:.-.~.:';i~~·")rtly::-i.ftc:r the ubo!'ti vc couv <~ ttc::~nt of Oc LobGr 1965. -1 0 rncr,, anuer isuu<.rn. === [Page 10] === - 9 ure by President Sukarno. General Suharto 2ssuoed these powers and became Acting:President, finally ousting Sukarno altogether in 1968. KOPKA1"i1.PIB powers cover intervention in all aspects o:f oli ti cal and social lii'e::;.nd.2re delegated down through the Xrmy nierarchr, · f~om the J~Ol'K. A1_~·l'IJ3. Comm~~er at the top• through provincial, dJ.strict <J.nd sub-district r.alitary commanders, dovm to the officers in couunand o-f the lowest unit in the v-illuge. at every stage o:f the hierarchy, Arfily commanders 1 in addition tG- their normal Army function, a::t'e also executive officers of KOPK.AlITIB powers viith the right to net in a vast nu.:mber of matters on the instructions bf the- KOFKA],iTIB Commander.· This is the 1 legal 1 be.sis upon which political arrests are made and. ·decisions regG.rding the ta_:e_ols classification are adopted and ·implemented. For instonce, the Decree No 5, ·1969, empowering the .prosecutor-general to hold suspects indefinitely without trial is net o. law adopted by Pnrliaoent but a KOPKAivlTI] Decree • A GJ.;J::'.iiPSE OF COJIDITIONS ON BURU General Surr:itro's trip to Buru ~etention Camp in.October last year.....-as w:.dcly!"e ported in the Jakarta pre$s ~-··.Although the writers of articles that [;.ppearcd in lea.ding newspapers were carefl..<.l r:ot t.o criticise the situation they found and tried to justi:Z:y thG continuecl existence of the. cmup, a number Of facts and ir::.prcssions emerge which heJ_p to depict the difficulties and hardships being f'aced by the Bu.ru detainees. Several of the j ourn_.:llists stressed that production had advanced greatly since the car.J.p wa.s set up in 1969, but only because the prisoners ha~ be~n forced to work 11 trcmcndously ha::!'.'d, under the strictest supervisior.", to quote Jacob Oetarna in Konn.as. WProseci.;. tor-Ge:nerul ll..l:'.. Said ~mid quite frankly that the area. ha.J bt?en Ol}e:r1e<J. up so q_ u:'c ckJ..y bee a use the prisoners had beet: subjected to Vf~ry strict cljscipline. 11 V'll:ile the p:overnrnen-t boasts that prisoners in Buru may be joined by their far:1ilieny in f['.ct only 8fl., less than one percent, have their fa.silies vdth then. l~Uch of General Sur:itro's visit wa.-s concentrated on Savariajayci ""Jnj. t, the unit where, these fanilies are lj.vtng and the reports cannot be regarded. as truly repre sentative of the genc;ral situn.t:.on. In fact, journe!1ists apperr.r to have v]_si tod on1y thir:; one w~i t and some of the central build. in?s of the 2aE1p. The grou.p of intellectuals e.nd the group of painters and scuJ pt ors iN!-~orr. t!1ey met were broueht to 'thcr..i «it their lod0ing~1 or at central canp bui.ldings. Referring to the prisoners• children whom they watched dur::~ ing a performe:mce, Jc:::.cob OetaFTa wrote: 11 ~~hey looked,iust as were not:'lappy. 1~he sL).lJ..en looks;.!1ad seen on the faces of their fath€r·s \•,:ere on tb.e children's faces too. 11 One. child, when asked.whether she wanted to return to tTff1ra t couJ.d not u.nswer for sobs. A vis"i.t to i... he cJ.i:nic revealet1 that malaria is 8. grnve neOace. 11 },ifty;)erccnt of the prisoner3 have!;1alaria, II wrote Jacob 0 ~t~ma. I:ochtar Lubj_s, wri.tj_ng in Indonesia Raya, gave a figure:ri 70 perc<?nt. 11 The T;!OS(]Uj toes are f;jfmt-sizc and there is a Ous shortac;o of r1.ecic inc:." Pon'i::~~~'.."'ir;~t. abcut. tJ:e!1rovisic~ tha-c all prisoners r!lay corresle...:t..".- ·~:...Le1r fnr:n. lies one G a non th:? 11 a?hey nrc nllowe d to ser.:d tll~. er~,_':. 'Nri. tG!:J;:och t<::tr 2.. ubi s 1 11 but of course, for r; cc u.ri ty, Gll 1 · -~c le ttGr·~:; 1.;~r:3t h~ cnru:.;o:rer.i.:.t takes tine to censor 1O,000 === [Page 11] === ~hey -cl'.::. in that rarely recE;ive letters." Co~.~.nletely ~.'itnout 'i'auols News On one occo.~ion,. General ~1:11::..i tro r~;<:-de a point of inforning sone prisoners 01:r1a0iondl::ind interna"tiona1 events such as China's entr;f into the UH, President Hixon 1 s visit to Peking and the Indonesi<..n f:e;'lerRl elc:. ctions, n.-:king i t q_ui tc clear tt~.Lt he kne\"; ~~ey· hcd/nothinG of these.things. Indeed, h8 knows best of all I he...,r d 1.... _ ~. ~~~~ t~e prisoners are denied access to newspapers, radio and c~~:_. ·- sou!:'ces of.!'.1ev.rs. "'J'ht; on1y boo~<s they h<:.ve are about religior.:.1 11 write Jacob Oetar.1a. 11 For educated people, this isolation fron developments is in:tself a punishnent. 11 The journalists v;e-r:e allowed to ~peak to. sone ·intellectuals at the carilp. They met Pr..1.audy<l A.natu Tur, the i,vri ter, v.rho told· them that under the previous cori1tiandcr, he had 1Jeen allmved to write a novel bu.t 1.rvhen.h:i.s r1anuscript was half cor::plete, the new corna.nder, the o.a!l wbo is now in charge of the caup, Li,e utenant Colc~el Syaosi, confiscated cvarything. The peat~ Rivai Apin,· told the j ourn2.lis ts that it W2.s iL1possi ble for hin to write an~r thin~ as long as he was being held in captivity. For his interview, ri.~ wr.s crought fron <::. extra-restrictive pr.. r·t of the cu.mp as he he:d been "guilty 11 of sofae infringcHsnt of c~:r.ip. disciplir.e. He was getting less thun the norn~l Leugre r2tion, with naizc instead of rice. G·enr>r;i} 11 t l. on 11 1,,.,-i-~ay~i+-i "J;;r:.n;! his vi;::Ji t, Gcner:.:.J. 5m:~i tro:·;~:~ne rrucn of l"'_i~3 11 "·f'·cJ· ·· 1 !~or B r-r-1 qo·~·'"' T'" o:,.. ~3; 1 ru 1,""' c•1ir·1·-~~J. r)rlt soae Buru prisoners will ,·1e··cy-1" p0~L1itted ~ i.nter..c~c::d 071 11 certui~ ~ucre& oeco~o Llic and soct:cll ir:tercou.rsc ~:i -sh the neir;hbo~1:ri:1f. couuuni ty in ord.c:r to e!lgc.:.ge in cor;;r.::erce <'ltth tlle thi::-Lg~J they Froduce. It is.e levt; lon1'"e·r clt•i··. soci'"l i·,1tt=;!.;-r•1ti All this is rt:>n:~.iscent c:· the conditions:J.11der whic}t thousan<is · of politics::. d. e tu.i~ccs v;e re he lcl bv the:!)u tch fr cm 1926 to 1 94.~, r:i"IM. uc..l";/ ;8DP.r,.,.J.. ,JUJ.il. _(. I>liJ,; 11 ·in Boven Digul, 1aftcr the 192G uprising. Furtherncre, whatev8r 11 soci2l:~'ltct:-::.:'.:'<-'-°tion 11 i,my r1oct~,, it will only apply to thos(? wr!O 11. J...L..."u.~1· This reou:LrC:'"lE "'oi·rted"l .-t.J;r nadc prer1"'·rri~; tll tro' s vi··~ v;p, n•u"!--J ~.:,Ir. ''elC 11 Frora ~he jour~altsts' r&por~s ncscrioeti bc"rr")' 11 ~ctu::l~~' they c1carJ.y cJ..o not expect of their t~lks with six intell obc1ur·1tc 11 === [Page 12] === 11 Purge of all Category C Government Employees In 1973, a purge of all C2.tegory C governraent eoployees ·w as ·nstituted in all government departuents, providing for the disJ. • ssal of these em.ployees by the end of 1975. The p~rge cmmences ·~th those who hove reoched retirener.t age. (50 years old und 20 ·ee.rs of service) ar!d is to be inpler:iented in three stages, dur. {ng ecch ~of which onc-.t hird ·of the persons in q_uestion oust be d{scissea. CcJtegory C is o. classific~tion applied not only to politic~l nrisoners but also to persons who ho.ve- been subjected to politicai screening in various sectors, particularly in goverruJent offices and enterprises. The uinisterial instructions that have been issued, ordering the purge, all 0£ which are based on an order from KO:PKAETIB, ranke it clear that new screening will be held to ferret out wore Cateogyr C people. The classification covers those considered as being no nore than followers or fellowtruvellers of the leftwin~ moveoent, the r~nk-and-file ' raembers of banned trade unions and other ~ass organisations now qeclared illegal. In many c'as e, Cn tegory C pc ople h~ve long since been dislll.ssed and have spent a pGriod in detention (and sone are indeed still behir.d bars). In others -they hcve already been ·: ~·i'Smissed but not inprisonej_, sometir2es bec:.:rnse of lack of prison acconunodation. Lr.no:lncerwnt of the purge!-w.s oade many detcinees 1 far:rilies::fe[·.::., to co~tiEue to be ir: contact with persons in prison for fear of being designated Category c. It is also feared that nnny people will take adve.ntugo of the purge to oust:rivals or settle old scores. Lnwvers, Stu.dei:i...t~ Arrested in:rew Wave Accorcti~ [ to ~eports ~ccetved as this issue was just goi~g to press, lowyers, prc:::.: ssors [lrld student leaders are c:.~ong those arrested in the clm:Jpdown thc.t followed the ar.ti-Japane~H:l denonstrntions in Jaknrta during ~:Tanaka's visit to Jskurta. Adnan Buyung Nasution, Chairman of the Legal Aid Bureau js 8.I!long th. er.~. (See:iter:: on:page 8 ref-n!J'.'ding. sta t eoent.. s he ruade in December about Kopkantib.) Eaj i c. Frinsen, Vice-Ghairmn~ of the Hunan Hights 1.:nsti tutc, is also under nrrest, ±'er the. seconcl ti;::w _in two years. In 197'?, ht: i-"Jas c:rre~tl'-: d and held:~or severt"~.l weeks:.~or ins1.sting on the legal right to COLL."'1.sel for §'ltudents wli.o were in custody at t~e ti~e aft er cou p ~igning against an Army-sponsored :,~~trnvaganza, tho Indoncsi<:1 -j_n-r-·;inic.turG project. -. _. · Professor Sa~bini, lecturer in economics at the Univ~rsity ~ Indonesiu 8.nd one-tL.w head of the Central Bureau cf Sta tisconornc poJ.1.c ies of -:he gov~rn1·Jent. A.Dong the student.1.eaa.8rs '-·~~er arrest are Ha:ri:-:1an Siregar, C!-:.ai~rn~1n of the Students' Coun~!?f ~h~ _Unj ~~rsj t;)r of _I~·1d?neGi:~, nnd L~embers ~~ the Council, thrsilam Sir~a?l~Juntuk, SJnnrir anu Jnnv. Vvaluyo. Snor·cJ.y before Ali! ·'. ~s~c.ent.)u~1nrto 'G top n1d c Jn s c:cur1 -cy affui.rs, l'~aJ or-General l.:?.wf·.:, r~~~~ cs bE?ing 11 ~ 11£:gc.l" end 1•2n ntter:ipt to overthrow the === [Page 13] === Indonesian court3 havG recently 'beard several cases of police officers che.rr;ecl vd th ual treating prisor:ers tmder interrogation. Or!c officer, found guilty of ca~sing bodily har~ to a prisoner which led to his death a few davs later, was ~ntenced ta three years. Publicity has been given to these cases but virtually nothing has lie en hea.rd about the nal treat1Jent Of prisoners held by the ailitary. Hecently, Tcnpo rmgazine, in its issue of 5th January, 1974, reported on exposures nade by or1e of the accused in a case heard before a nilitarv court in Decelilber. Below is a slightly abridge~ version of the roport; Military Detention 1 According to Deddy At f! tine when the prm:is was busy reporting E.1ethods of interrogation used by the police force, a police officer was heard to exclain: "Just try exposinp; for a change ti.'!.e nethods of interrogation used under r_zili tn.r.y detenti~n. 11 ".?2.rtly;i_s a result of strict r::iltt;:1ry discipline, victii.:s in places of Dilitnry detentio~ ~ever say anyth~~~ ~ubliclv Dbout the conditions in these olaces of detention ia::-r1m r)le.ce:-i of deten~ion, there has never beer. c.:r:y report about an J~:? t2king n look at conditions of people held b~ the intcrrofatio~ Dilitary. Had Ded.dy Ear:1id, 2. civilic::.n cnploycc of the Air F-c1·ce,.no: held et Pannsan Airfield (Solo), then ooved ~o Halio Airfi0ld ant fj.nnlly to the Air Force centre of detention in Jalon was one cf four pt~rso:ns chc:rged \Yi th blucmcil. In the:Lr ciefen.:: the accused expl..ained th:::i.t -they had E:nployed black:nai.l bec:;u:Je:: they feared that corruntion in the Supplies Division of the Air Force wouJd ~ot be exp~Red. c· ·1efnV'1cP of.i.:ntcrrJga: i o~ 8f.!r:lov<:.::ti.at tr-:.c J.:J.l<.m S8.bar..r:: 7 ~c de: tei1 ti on ct:r: ·t~·e: he was beate:!.,.. subjected to electric t:ihC}Ck ar:d tor;;u:rec: u: still hnve the scurs o::,!:W, 11 l~o told the court 1 'oc:.ri:::.g hi.:1 arns ns he spok~. bee~ LI J. ~ !lr~ told Urn court t1-~<'. "t in Octo"oe:r 1970, a IJ\!!'l30n u...:ncc"': Sc:-" · l o ·nr;.<...1 rne J.·i:~~:::.ctec"~ durl.nr intc::rror~<.itioi:. Decldy r..uned tte offj,ce!'D n:-spon.s:::..olc: i°;):- th:.~:, all of thG:: ~u·1-:v0r~1 vrorking for thr,- Air Perce all a bou L t.he "bu.rio..l of the: vi c·tin nm.~ the 1:edi c.'."~J-:'t-; par: issued by 2. rlocto:!' w·n;c,i,. ~~ed,1::·.nother victiu c.1.ic::-1 i.n ·the: S<-.'.IJ8 way; he too wao a junior JUr ] orc G o.:ifj_ cer, nnncd Tc:!:u. J,t.L ..,.L.41.. --~ "-.; ~: 7. viaf; the f:i..ct thc:.:.t he a:!li.l hirJ corpo knew ubollt t!i.esc two·, __ r.·.·..:.:..-~,. i:;r:ich hurl Jed to i'ecli11.~s of reveng~e ar:::on 0r. those respon s i:; J.::·:::~-:-.:, J.'•':s ul tc:d in tl1c- prt~ sent cas ~·, Dodd.y told the court. === [Page 14] === 13 Deddy Hamid's defence law- Ther-;.rin Hanan SH, also told the. court that he had encoun~=~~d great diffic.ulties in est8.blishing contact with his clie!1t. The difficulties he had r.1~t i?DTe very much attuned ~o currenractic?S,.namely it was ins2nuated ~hat Deddy was inv?l v:?-. in ~he 1965 coup <-"< ttel'lpt and t}:.e ~!'.:I~ 1 t was hoped thut in _:nis the lrnvyer would be too o.1rt!:!.d to ho.ndl~ the co.se..i:mt ~~~ 1 f!'on being scGred, the ln1;:yer ~had lodgcJd a. strong protest-. His protest had cc,-:;red e. nu;.1ber o:t as:f'ects: fai~ure. to pro~ong the fnc"t thnt u c1vilian was.being tried oefore a rruli tary court and other aspects. Amnest]L Internntionol R§POrt on TortU:ce Torture in Indonesia The f fi\ollowinp.: is a. quotntion frott the.A.nnesty;.Jntern·ational Report on -'-Ortnre, reprinted by kind pernission of Annesty Internatio:nal~ The gravest allegc.tions of torture relate to interrogaticns by the Central Sntge.s ( Speciul Task Force) Unit iy.i Kebc.yora.:nautsJ~irts of a·o.karta and by the J<ik:nrta Satgl~.n Unit, 'J'- c"'nns forner Knlonc:: canp. Tti3 passafe, written by o forrffir prisoner, illustrates clearly t;he extr2-lt=1gal ctyle in which nilitary investigu.tions Lana on the were coYlduct8d: (Satgas-jnyn) W2s ectr..:blisned in 1969 or 1970 to:replaca the previous ·oper2t:i.o:-w1 fGrce v:hich had been in" c~1urge Gir~cs tt:.e r.dddle of 1 966. '.l'?.'rn previom:i '..lTlj t wnn known. as the Kalong {VQr.1pire) v.•hi c!·L ·was its of'fi cir.; 1 nr.:.no, c::.D.d enployed pa:rti ct<.larly vicious net}1cds 1Joth na rer;c:.:rdo ~o:rtu.re and also as regnrO.s t,J.'i<) intensj_ v.i:;· •.:::Dploy:J\'.;nt qf very high-rc·.nking ox-PKI fun cti ont:r:i e::> to hunt tlcvm t!rnsu s 1~i11 C'.t large or actively engaged in u..11derground ucti v:i. ties •.•:For sonc "tir~e, the no.st powerful figure c.n the Comw.nd wµs a:inn!'lG.rmcJ. Atjep, p.resunably a civilian for!:e never wore U.Yli forn u.nd d.iO. not.seen to have a uil]. tnxy rt:.nl(.:-iE'i is extremely well knoYvn as a to_o in-t;errog2 tor, perhaps the nos t brutal of nll, thoL<.gl:1!H~ us UHJly relies on his E~ubordinates to do the nctun.1 -torturing... His r;ct;!"!.ods and p9rhups also bis sGcccs:=;es fre~1..:_snt1y o.rouzc:1 stronf> opposition vdthin the Kodnm (J.iili tt:.ry Com..-:1a.:na.) itself o.r1d he ·1~12:;,s on t tro occasions ••• actu.nlly plc!ced But he:. has nJwnys r.w.nagcd to v11J~1tn~r such storms and c~uergt?. t:..gair:. .in full strf2n.trth. ~c:: obvj_ ou.~ly l1a;:3 to-p-level bucking anc I hD.vc:een told that!lo is ~1 spec:ui1 f2v.ouri te of Gencrell..•• This ~eport j_o of the situ~:ti?n"in lTfiko.rta 9 ~1ut o..llcgi::tions · no reason to s uppos 1:: <'.'.nu." "tr.cc: tl1.~ttr.in>-,r·•-J, UO t r, n' t'lOn::l l l~tt~J' ~~t'i'l A.al" ·. e:>:t~tl~~·tn.:n!:i:n tT an:.HH'J' 1 972:1 tu tCE3 v:. 11 \10. Dll h2.VG S uffGrecl f!'OIJ g p:ito, h tlVe been burn l).·~ ·~;; 1 _ ~~.i ~-dL~c-tric snocks t'.2':.a. cignrettes hnvo oeen used i;o ·'-~he cuJ.7-Ltrc:·.l ::.~cv.:.:lom~wnt neople, VVJ.L .J..;,iL"'rJ- === [Page 15] === 14 11~,., -1.,·cr1hE·r 1·r11..;i..;,-a~o c:J·t; J'··rl~r:nerl+ crdi·o··· ·~ in r.adical enc.:. 10~twin~~ uovenents,!1orn -::.n P~dang, n strongly ~)tp·,:f.~t:r.:.1. fiosler. rcg:i. un of bE-:co.nc <.1ct1·,•c in ·.vonon's OTgani- She was ac·t·:.·.-r~ ag2.inst the.T2.pancsc occupatio::: and., after the war, agA.inst,..·.-: ·0.stor2tion of tl.1t.: Dn·~ch. coloni 2.l g0•1ernnont. Her husbund ~~~ ~illed · in the Euditm Affair, i~ Se~~e~be~ 1948. J:~rs r•iudigdio 1ims ~ r:.enber of lihe Republic 1 s first legislative c..ss cubly,:::..,e-p:ceserrti::ig one of th'2 l \c.>.~xl. st parties and.has-enained a ce~ber ever since. ~fter her re-elect1on to Fnrlin;er..t in1955 a::.; cJ. representQti ve of tht-) Cor.mu.nist P3.rty, she becane a menber of Parliament's Con:lission on Justici;; ·.and 1!1.ternal Security. She wns·also elected to the Co!:stituent Assenbly and after thi~ was dissolved, becaoe n necber of the Pr~vi~ional Pecple 1 s Consultative Asseobly. 1~ addition to her pnrliaucnta~y activities, she was also v ice-Chn.ir1;w.r.. of the leftwj_ng wor:en [ s organ:, ~at;~_on, Gerwnni a:!'.1.d f ~r a tir.w occtrpie:d a position us V.:.. c e:-Ch2.":i:!:.'san o·f ·the VfoDen' s Inter~atianel D~~ocratic w C:-- l FedBrutiowtosa CU.~ys conf~~~~ces l·-1 1-~io.,., t l• Vl'- she often CCUIJ e:cpt Cr.-r--J.,•:Jw hor-r.>s V4o--.J S~.e togut·h~T ·l.· C:L :.1I~.1_"'0::; ~c.r..~.. tr.c C op1 Tn-: -~ t or tnen ha~ bee~ :Olr chnrg~~ ~ried. ';.l j_ (.{ 0 VJ t;}·l C· A few .!juJci t l.Jt~ri