The Straits Times, 31 December 1970, p. 10, by Hugh Mabbett: Yogyakarta court acquits 17-year-old egg seller Sum Kuning (Sumarijem), who reported rape by youths from powerful families and was charged with a false report. Police tortured a noodle seller, Trimo, and threatened her with electric torture and an accusation
Komnas Perempuan's 2007 report on gender-based crimes against humanity in 1965: 122 testimonies, an account of Gerwani's history and the 1965 press campaign behind the Lubang Buaya slander, and catalogue of rape, sexual slavery, detention and Buru. Key official source on women's experience.
Annie Pohlman's 2015 monograph, the first book-length study of gendered violence in 1965-66, based on about 150 women survivors: patterns of arrest, torture, rape, sexualised mutilation, strip searches for the 'Gerwani mark', sexual slavery and 'wife-taking'. Key scholarly source.
Pohlman (2017), lead investigator on sexual crimes for the IPT 1965, argues rape and sexualised torture in 1965-70 detention were crimes against humanity, summarising fifty-eight case files (72% female victims, 85% naming soldiers or military police). Legal framing of sexual torture.
Edited volume (Palgrave 2018; McGregor, Melvin, Pohlman) arguing the 1965 violence was genocidal, covering causes (Aceh army documents, Bali, Pohlman on women's testimonies of sexual violence in West Sumatra) and legacies. Key scholarship on 1965 violence.
Routledge volume (2019, ed. Wieringa, Melvin, Pohlman) gathering research behind the IPT 1965: coup, torture, Buru enslavement, sexual slavery and forced marriage, exile, mass graves, Western complicity and youth projects. Foreword by judge Zak Yacoob.
Edited volume (Routledge, 2020; McGregor, Dragojlovic, Loney) linking domestic, military, legal and political violence in Indonesia; chapters include theatre from 1965 survivor testimonies. Gerwani relevant via 1965 gendered violence.
Pohlman and colleagues' 2024 article presenting the IndoTorM dataset of 4,072 torture victims (1965 onward), with heat maps showing beatings and forced stripping constant over time and rape dominant for women and children. Quantitative context on New Order torture.