The Forgotten Years: Mass Slaughter in Jombang-Kediri 1965-1966 (Sulistyo, 1997)
Hermawan Sulistyo's 1997 Arizona State history PhD, 'The Forgotten Years', studies the 1965-66 killings in Jombang-Kediri, East Java, from interviews and documents, finding no single national pattern and stressing local conflict and military-backed operations. Gerwani appears in passing: its claimed 1.75 million member
Confronting the Past: the anticommunist killings of 1965-66 and the role of Nahdlatul Ulama (McGregor, 2009)
Katharine McGregor's 2009 article on NU's support for the 1965-66 killings (e.g. its 5 Oct 1965 call to ban the PKI, Gerwani and others), their celebration under the New Order and Syarikat's post-1998 reconciliation work. Context on religious-organisation role.
Tempo, 1 October 2012: AM - 'We never buried them...' (Ansor member's testimony)
Tempo testimony (1 Oct 2012) of 'AM', 70, a former Ansor/Banser member who took part in night-time 'drop-dropan' killings of village-level PKI leaders in Badas and Pare (Jombang-Kediri), Oct-Nov 1965. He says he felt no pity and left bodies unburied, justifying his hatred by PKI land reform actions. Gerwani is not ment
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Chambali - 'He recited the creed fluently...'
Tempo testimony (1 Oct 2012) of Chambali, 70, former Banser chief of Rengel, Tuban, who describes beheading PKI members at Jurang Watu Rongko in 1965-66 on lists from the district office and military, encouraged by NU leader Kiai Murtadji. Recalls sparing one man who recited the creed. Tempo adds a note on the ravine's
Tempo, 1 October 2012: From the confessions of 1965 executioners
Tempo column (1 Oct 2012) arguing that reconciliation must start from perpetrators' confession. Discusses victim-count disputes (78,000 to 3 million), The Act of Killing and Anwar Congo, Gus Dur's apology versus NU refusals, the Palu mayor's apology, and calls for lifting the ban on Marxism. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Butchers in the killing fields (Kediri and Probolinggo)
Long Tempo feature (1 Oct 2012) on Kediri and Probolinggo killings: Ansor/Banser, Lirboyo santri led by Gus Maksum and army units, from the 13 Oct 1965 rally and the burning of the PKI office, using 'drop' trucks from Koramil, with the Kanigoro (Jan 1965) background. Testimony of Abdul Malik and Haji SY. Gerwani is not
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Bodies floating far away (Bacem bridge, Bengawan Solo)
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on the Bacem bridge over Bengawan Solo (Sukoharjo), an execution site where bodies were thrown into the river in Oct 1965 and for months after. Local witnesses (Mbah Wiryo, Bibit, Supeno) and historian Sudharmono; dispute over whether Banser NU took part. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Doomsday born of grudges (Banyuwangi massacre)
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on Banyuwangi: the 'Gagak Hitam' force of NU/PNI members hunted communists after 62 Ansor were killed at Cemethuk (commemorated at the Pancasila Jaya monument, called Lubang Buaya Cemethuk). Testimony of Baidawi and ex-Lekra secretary Andang Chatif Yusuf; bodies thrown into Jurang Tangis. Gerw
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Operations Command, the God of Maumere
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on the Komop-run killings in Sikka, Flores (from March 1966): testimony of 'Bapa Peter' forced to dig pits at Wairita, and research by Pater Hubert Hasulie (about 30 pits, 1,000-1,500 victims, witnesses drawn from Catholic, Parkindo and NU delegates). Priest Romo Pede was threatened and transf
Tempo, 1 October 2012: The Tulungagung fighter in shackles
Tempo profile (1 Oct 2012) of Supardi, 71, a Tulungagung silat fighter recruited by Ansor as an executioner in 1965, who later developed a mental disorder and has been shackled by his family for about 30 years. Account from his brother Marjuni and sister. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Graves above wells (Lumajang and Magetan)
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on killing sites in Lumajang (Pandanwangi, Curah Mayit, Srebet) and Magetan (Puhrancang well, Gangsiran forest), with testimony from Ansor/Banser participants and villagers. Notes NU leaders called it jihad, army backing, and that many victims were not PKI. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Tempo, 1 October 2012: After 'God died' at Mlancu
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on the Mlancu massacre (Kediri-Jombang border), where about 700 alleged PKI were killed in November 1965, drawing on Hermawan Sulistyo's research and witnesses. Presents PKI land reform, ludruk plays and 'Seven Village Demons' lists as roots of tension with kiai and NU/Ansor. Mentions the Peng
Koran Memo, 1 October 2014: Confession of a former Gerwani member in Blitar
Koran Memo (Kediri), 1 Oct 2014, p. 5: interview with Putmainah (86), former chair of Gerwani in Blitar regency and PKI member of the DPR-GR, ten years in Plantungan; recalls PKI and NU as allies in local parliament.
1965, the hour of history (Margolin, Archipel, 2020)
Jean-Louis Margolin's 47-page review essay (Archipel 99, 2020, in French) on the 'new historiography' of 1965 through eight books, summarising findings on army-militia cooperation, NU/Ansor, sexual violence and prisons, and critiquing Melvin and Robinson.
The Treachery on YouTube: Politics of Memory on New Media in Indonesia (Parahita and Yulianto, 2020)
Journal article by Gilang Desti Parahita and Vissia Ita Yulianto (Archipel 99, 2020, pp. 47-73) on how YouTube reproduces the New Order's 'Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI' as monumental memory while alternative 1965 films circulate far less. Gerwani appears on p. 63: filmmaker Lexy Rambadetta, after meeting former Gerwani membe