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GA-02227 1972-01-01 Tempo rel C licensed

Soal Pertapolan (Soal tapol)

Tempo, 1972: The political prisoner problem

Tempo article (online archive, dated 1972) on the political prisoner (tapol) problem: Archbishop Leo Soekoto urges society to help, Amnesty and the Red Cross press Jakarta, Buru resettlement of about 5,000 Group B prisoners is presented as the best option, and officials still see ex-PKI as a threat. No Gerwani content.

GA-03059 1992 rel C licensed

The Destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI): A Comparative Analysis of East Java and Bali (PhD Harvard, 1992)

Destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party: East Java and Bali compared (Sudjatmiko, 1992)

Iwan Gardono Sudjatmiko's 1992 Harvard sociology PhD thesis compares East Java and Bali to explain the PKI's destruction after 1965, arguing that it followed from the party's 1963 revolutionary strategy and that violence depended on public figures, army units and PKI size. It covers mobilisation, land reform and local

GA-03060 1997 rel B licensed

The Forgotten Years: The Missing History of Indonesia's Mass Slaughter, Jombang-Kediri 1965-1966 (PhD Arizona State, 1997)

The Forgotten Years: Mass Slaughter in Jombang-Kediri 1965-1966 (Sulistyo, 1997)

Hermawan Sulistyo's 1997 Arizona State history PhD, 'The Forgotten Years', studies the 1965-66 killings in Jombang-Kediri, East Java, from interviews and documents, finding no single national pattern and stressing local conflict and military-backed operations. Gerwani appears in passing: its claimed 1.75 million member