Gerwani Central Sumatra: statement against the PRRI rebels (Bintang Timur, 31 March 1958)
Bintang Timur, 31 March 1958, p. 1 (during the PRRI rebellion). Reports a statement by the Gerwani Sumatera Tengah leadership: women and people of Central Sumatra cannot be fooled again by the 'traitors' (PRRI, proclaimed 14 February 1958), stand firmly behind the central government, the army chief and President Sukarn
Dilemmas of Indonesian Communism (van der Kroef, 1962)
Article by Justus M. van der Kroef (Pacific Affairs, summer 1962) on the PKI's dilemmas under Guided Democracy: dependence on Sukarno, the July 1960 'Evaluation' clash with the army, and the party's use of mass fronts. Gerwani is named as the PKI's women's front: its organ was aggressive without censure in 1961, and in
Fashioning Authoritarianism: Militarization of Society in Indonesia, 1930-1966 (Joshua, 2023)
PhD dissertation (Northwestern, 2023) by Norman Joshua on the militarization of Indonesian society, 1930-1966. It argues the Army intervened in non-military affairs through the 'twin logics' of emergency powers and counterinsurgency, culminating in the New Order. Gerwani appears only in passing: p. 428 gives its claime