Berita Yudha, 24 Juni 1968: '2 Aktivis Gerwani dan 10 orang sel PKI ditangkap'. Kodim 0504 arrested Suprijanti (21) and Turminah (23), 'ex-Gerwani activists' who allegedly 'confessed' to helping torture and kill the generals at Lubang Buaya at a young age.
Suara Merdeka front page, 29 June 1968: Purworejo correspondent reports the arrest of an alleged 'new-style PKI' underground and Darmini, 28, labelled a Gerwani member, with lurid detail on her and a housemate's pregnancies. Typical New Order sexualised portrayal of Gerwani women.
Berita Yudha, 23 Agustus 1968: 'Wartawan Wanita PKI jg romantis'. Feature on Sri Sukatno, 'ex-chair of Gerwani Jakarta', journalist and wife of a Pemuda Rakyat leader, after Operasi Trisula; sensational, romanticised gendered portrayal.
Angkatan Bersendjata, 24 Agustus 1968. Part XIII of the 'Blitar Selatan' serial tells the story of Sri Liestyowati (Lies) Sukatno, a 'PKI/Gerwani figure' and wife of a Pemuda Rakyat leader, with gendered and sensational claims about her beauty and demands in the forest.
Berita Yudha, 15 Oktober 1968: '70 Prosen wanita P dirangkul G'wani/PKI'. Jakarta police chief claims nearly 70% of prostitutes in Central Java and Jakarta had been 'embraced' by Gerwani/PKI, 'proven' by Lubang Buaya; a core New Order sexual slander claim.
Internet Archive compilation on the 1965 events whose main text is Anderson and McVey's Cornell 'Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup' (1971), with source documents. It says Gerwani and Pemuda Rakjat trainees at Lubang Buaya were drawn into the killings (pp. 22-23) while stressing the army-fed 'orgy' storie
Internet Archive compilation on the 1965 events whose main text is Anderson and McVey's Cornell 'Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup' (1971), with source documents. It says Gerwani and Pemuda Rakjat trainees at Lubang Buaya were drawn into the killings (pp. 22-23) while stressing the army-fed 'orgy' storie
The Straits Times, 13 January 1971, p. 2: at the special-court trial of Pemuda Rakjat chairman Sukatno, witness Emmy Marjam, 24, a Gerwani member now under arrest, testifies that she gouged a general's eyes with a knife and saw friends mutilate another's genitals at Lubang Buaya after training from 26 Sept. Reported as
Tribune (Sydney), 20 May 1975, p. 7, abridged from the British magazine TAPOL (Mar 1975): thousands of women remain among about 100,000 political prisoners. Describes Gerwani's work, its banning, the sexual slander ('sex-maniacs', mutilation claims) as fuelling the massacres, torture and rape of women tapols, Plantunga
Tribune (Sydney), 20 May 1975, p. 7, abridged from the British magazine TAPOL (Mar 1975): thousands of women remain among about 100,000 political prisoners. Describes Gerwani's work, its banning, the sexual slander ('sex-maniacs', mutilation claims) as fuelling the massacres, torture and rape of women tapols, Plantunga
Tharunka (UNSW student paper), 30 July 1975, p. 8, article 'Indonesian Women' on women political prisoners after 1965. It describes Gerwani as the largest left women's organisation, targeted by a press campaign depicting members as sex-maniacs and Lubang Buaya participants, and banned in October 1965. It reports at lea
Tharunka (UNSW student paper), 30 July 1975, p. 8, clean OCR of the article 'Indonesian Women: The Banned Women's Organisation' (same article as GA-00274). It presents Gerwani as unaffiliated with the PKI, then attacked in 1965 by press stories of 'Gerwani prostitutes', 'obscene sex-dancing' and genital mutilation of g
TAPOL Bulletin no. 27 (London, April 1978) with a Special Supplement on press freedom. Covers student repression, prisoner-release figures, trials and a Buru letter. The supplement notes that in 1965–66 the press published sensational reports of sexual orgies by leftwing organisations, and its list of jailed journalist
Harian Neraca, 14 Mar 1989, p. 10: instalment 61, the serial's most important Gerwani item, reprinting the army's 1965 slander: PR and Gerwani dancing naked in a 'flower-scent party', sex permitted, stimulant injections, per 17-year-old Djamilah.
Akcaya (Pontianak), 10 Nov 1991, p. 7: concluding part of a retelling of police officer Sukitman's 1965 story, with the paper glossing the 'volunteers' as '(Gerwani - red)', reproducing the New Order slander.
Jan Bezemer's long Trouw weekend feature (30 Sep 1995) on the unresolved 1965 trauma. Covers the 30 September events, Suharto's role, US encouragement, massacres (Gatot's trial testimony) and the smear campaign against Gerwani. Draws on Saskia Wieringa's doctoral research: Gerwani was blamed for mutilating the generals
De Vrijdag (Het Parool, 6 Oct 1995) article by Hanneke de Wit on Saskia Wieringa's Amsterdam PhD on the Indonesian women's movement. It recounts the 1965 press claims that Gerwani girls castrated and blinded generals and danced naked, which Wieringa calls lies; autopsies showed the generals intact. It details forced 'c
Wieringa's Nov 1996 ISS working paper, the first English version of her argument that the New Order was born from a sexualised propaganda campaign against Gerwani (Oct 1965-Mar 1967 an 'extended coup'), with an interview with a former Gerwani cadre. Early statement of the thesis.
Bali Post, 30 Sept 1996, p. 1: at a youth seminar on the 'latent danger of communism' Amien Rais says Gerwani 'slashed' the generals; Taufiq Ismail cites S.K. Trimurti as ex-Gerwani; PRD branded 'new PKI'.
Published RIMA version (1998) of Wieringa's 1996 paper, revised after Suharto's fall: the New Order legitimated itself through the army's slander campaign against Gerwani, part of an 'extended coup' of Oct 1965-Mar 1967, with a compact Gerwani history. Companion to the 1996 draft.
Wieringa's 2000 article on communism and women's same-sex practices, prompted by Kowani chair Ine Sukarno's 1999 claim that Gerwani supported lesbianism; argues Gerwani's morality was puritan and heterosexual and that 'militant motherhood' threatened conservatives. Links Gerwani slander to sexuality politics.
Bali Post, 7 Apr 2000, p. 7: editorial on Wahid's proposal to revoke the 1966 PKI ban, saying the military's stories of sadism by Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat made the killings 'barbarity' in public memory and enabled mass slaughter.
Front matter only (title, contents, abstract) of Wieringa's ISS working paper 332 (Feb 2001) arguing the New Order legitimated itself through sexual politics, the military's 30-year slander of Gerwani. Body of the paper missing from the scan.
Saskia Wieringa's 2002 monograph, the foundational history of Gerwani: a semi-autonomous organisation with triple loyalty to feminism, nationalism and socialism, and the New Order's founding on manipulation of sexual symbols through the 1965 slander. Based on interviews with Umi Sardjono, Sulami, Sudjinah, Trimurti and
Waspada, 7 Oct 2002, p. 11: feature on the 1 Oct 2002 commemoration at the Sudjono monument in Bandarbetsy, retelling the 1965 killing of Peltu Sudjono by BTI squatters joined by Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani and Lekra who 'sang and danced'.
TAPOL Bulletin no. 169/170 (Jan/Feb 2003), with Carmel Budiardjo's obituary of Sulami (pp. 13-15). Born Sragen 15 Aug 1926, she joined Gerwis (Gerwani from 1951), became East Java executive member (1954) and second deputy secretary-general (1957), attended WIDF meetings, and was deputy secretary-general in 1965. Arrest
McGregor and Hearman (2007) read Gerwani leaders Sulami's and Sudjinah's memoirs as political rehabilitation: distancing from the PKI, rebutting the Lubang Buaya slander, socialist critique and claims to citizenship. Key scholarly analysis of survivor memoirs.
McGregor and Hearman's 2007 article reading Sulami's and Sudjinah's memoirs as political rehabilitation: both arrested 1967, tried 1975 for subversion; they distance Gerwani from the PKI and answer the sexual slander. Second copy of the paper (South East Asia Research).
2009 Sanata Dharma history thesis by Elisabeth Retnoningrum on Gerwani's orientation, the New Order's spreading of a bad image of Gerwani, and later women's movement development; concludes the sexual mutilation story was untrue and legitimised the regime.
Official Army history (Pusjarah TNI, Jakarta 2009), vol. IV of 'Komunisme di Indonesia', presenting Gerwani as a PKI mass organisation in the 1960-65 build-up and the G30S. It reports Gerwani's Nov-Dec 1964 housewives' seminar (p. 70), 'unilateral actions' (p. 122), the 27 Sept 1965 Surabaya governor's-office raid unde