Army-published official record of the first Mahmillub trial, of PKI Politburo member Njono (1966), with decrees, indictment and proceedings; printed in 21,000 copies. Primary source on the legal framing of the 30 September Movement.
Army-published record of the second Mahmillub trial, of Lt. Col. Untung, commander of the 30 September Movement: indictment, eleven sessions (23 Feb-7 Mar 1966), witnesses, pleas; printed in 10,000 copies. Primary source on the official case.
Brig. Gen. Supardjo's 1966 analysis, addressed to 'comrade leaders', of why the 30 September Movement failed, published by John Roosa in 2008. The only first-hand assessment by a movement leader.
Article by Lucien Rey (New Left Review no. 36, March 1966) reconstructing the 1 October 1965 events as a plot by dissident Central Java officers, plus a translated Asahi Shimbun interview with PKI deputy chair Njoto. Says People's Youth and Gerwani auxiliaries trained at Halim took part in the generals' executions in r
Angkatan Bersendjata, 4 Jan 1966. Reports the arrest in Tangerang of Sariningsih, called a 'Gerwani Lubang Buaya' fugitive, and a joke on Gerwani 'savagery'; also 1,204 detainees (83 women) in South Jakarta.
Algemeen Handelsblad feature from Surabaya (1966-01-04) on housewives and domestic servants at Lebaran and rising prices. A key passage repeats the Lubang Buaya claim that Gerwani members had military training and, per arrested women's confessions, took part in the generals' murders, and alleges Gerwani members worked
Angkatan Bersendjata, 14 Jan 1966. Feature from Soetiman's 17 Dec 1965 statement: Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat 'warmly welcomed' Yani's body and fought a half-hour battle on 2 October. Gerwani militarised but no mutilation or sexual element yet.
US Embassy airgram A-503, 7 Feb 1966, assessing whether anyone would stage a putsch against Sukarno (students, parties, generals, Sarwo Edhie). Women appear only in Sukarno's remark that women were not 'frying stones'; Gerwani absent.
Gereformeerd Gezinsblad roundup (8 Feb 1966, p.3) of Indonesia-China tension (Subandrio, student protest at Chinese embassy) and Indonesian-Japanese trade talks. One paragraph reports that communist Suradijo, shot while escaping, had tortured General Parman with a bamboo spear 'in front of a group of screaming women an
Berita Harian, 13 Feb 1966 (lead only). A woman lawyer, Dr Tien Sunito, described as a PKI member, was appointed to defend Lt Col Untung and Njoto, whose trials were due Monday. Not about Gerwani directly, but about women's roles in the 1965 trials.
Új Szó (Hungarian-language daily), 13 Feb 1966: a snippet on the Njono trial says Mrs Sunito was named to defend the accused on behalf of the Indonesian Communist Party (text cut off). Trees Sunito is listed by the sweep as a member name; her Gerwani link is not stated. Page OCR not retrieved.
Trouw (14 Feb 1966): on the eve of the Untung and Njono trials in Jakarta, Dutch-born lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers, herself a PKI member, takes on the defence after others refused. Profiles her and her husband as 'non-extreme' communists with Leiden training. No mention of Gerwani; context for the 1965-66 Mahmillub t
ANP report in Algemeen Dagblad (1966-02-15) on Dutch-born lawyer Trees Sunito-Heyligers, the only Indonesian jurist willing to defend PKI/SOBSI leader Njono before the special military tribunal. Her husband Sunito was jailed after the coup and she was dismissed from the state bank. No Gerwani mention; context for the 1
Limburgsch Dagblad, 15 February 1966, p. 1: start of the closed Mahmillub trial of SOBSI leader Njono, who says he was told to inform Sukarno of a 'council of generals' but joined the coup instead. Students demanded a public trial; only selected journalists are admitted. Njono is defended by Dutch-born lawyer Trees Soe
Bács-Kiskun county daily, 15 Feb 1966: a snippet on the Njono trial says the president may use his right of pardon, and mentions Mrs Sunito, whose husband is a leftist (text cut off). Trees Sunito is listed by the sweep as a member name; her Gerwani link is not stated. Page OCR not retrieved.
Hungarian regional daily, 15 February 1966: snippet from a report on the Njono trial noting that eleven people sit in the dock (or on the bench) and that Mrs Sunito acts as counsel (Trees Sunito per the log). Only a search snippet and permalink were saved; the sentence is fragmentary and its exact meaning is uncertain.
Hungarian regional daily, 15 February 1966: snippet from a report on the trial of PKI leader Njono, stating he is a member of the party's central committee and that his defence is handled by Mrs Sunito (Trees Sunito per the log). Only a search snippet and permalink were saved; the page text was not retrieved.
Hungarian daily Kelet-Magyarország, 15 Feb 1966 (snippet only). Notes at the start of Njono's trial that he is a member of the Party's Central Committee and that Mrs Sunito is his defence counsel. The catalogue identifies her as Trees Sunito; that is uncertain and no Gerwani link is stated.
Search snippet from the Hungarian daily Somogyi Neplap (15 February 1966, no. 38) on the Mahmillub trial of a PKI Central Committee member (Njono): 'his defence is provided by Mrs Sunito'. Only a fragment; page OCR not retrieved. The link to Trees Soenito Heyligers, earlier WIDF delegate, is per the sweep log.
Hungarian county daily Szolnok Megyei Neplap, 15 Feb 1966; the search snippet from a report on the first Jakarta coup trial says the defendant, a member of the party's Central Committee (Njono), is defended by Mrs Sunito (Trees Sunito). Only a snippet was retrieved.
Swiss regional daily, 15 Feb 1966: the special military court trying PKI leader Njono opened the previous day. Njono's sole defence counsel is Mrs Trees Soenito, 50, daughter of a former Dutch official and wife of a jailed leftist leader, who says she was appointed only on Saturday after other lawyers declined. The tex
La Suisse, 15 Feb 1966, UPI/AFP wire from Singapore on the opening of the first coup trial in Jakarta. Defendant Njono, PKI Central Committee member, denies plotting against Sukarno. His only lawyer is Mrs Trees Soenito, aged 50, daughter of a former Dutch official in Indonesia and wife of a left-wing Indonesian leader
Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 16 February 1966, p. 14: profile from Utrecht of Trees Soenito-Heyligers, who took on Njono's defence in the Jakarta coup trial. Her parents in Amersfoort say she often took pro deo cases and believes everyone has a right to a defence. No Gerwani content.
Hungarian daily Somogyi Néplap, 20 Feb 1966 (snippet only). Reports from the trial of Njono, noting that after Njono spoke in his own defence, his counsel Mrs Sunito argued a point (cut off). The catalogue identifies her as Trees Sunito; that is uncertain and no Gerwani link is stated.
Canberra Times, 21 Feb 1966, p. 6 (AAP-Reuter): the military tribunal trying PKI leader Njono is due to give its verdict; prosecution demanded death. His government-appointed woman lawyer, Mrs Trees Sunito, had 32 hours to prepare. Foreign press barred; Chinese agency criticism of the trial noted. Gerwani not named.
Canberra Times, 21 Feb 1966, p. 6 (AAP-Reuter): the military tribunal trying PKI leader Njono is due to give its verdict; prosecution demanded death. His government-appointed woman lawyer, Mrs Trees Sunito, had 32 hours to prepare. Foreign press barred; Chinese agency criticism of the trial noted. Gerwani not named.
Trouw (21 Feb 1966): after the prosecutor demanded the death penalty for SOBSI leader Njono, his lawyer Trees Soenito-Heyligers argues nothing proves a plot to overthrow the government; Njono gave an hour-long political defence. Lawyer complains of two days' preparation; PKI-linked Colonel Latief reportedly arrested. N
Hungarian daily Delmagyarorszag (22 February 1966), search snippet only: reports that Mrs Sunito 'takes the oath' as defence counsel for Njono in Djakarta on Monday evening (the PKI leader's Mahmillub trial). The sweep identifies her as Trees Sunito, a woman lawyer. Page OCR not retrieved.
Hungarian regional daily, 22 February 1966: a snippet from a report on the trial of Njono, noting that the case was referred to a special military court and that Mrs Sunito, Njono's defence counsel, filed a petition for clemency. Mrs Sunito is Trees Sunito per the log; only the snippet and permalink were saved, so the
Search snippet from the Hungarian daily Eszak-Magyarorszag (22 February 1966, no. 44) reporting that, in the case of PKI leader Njono, the matter was referred to the special military court and that Mrs Sunito, Njono's defence lawyer, submitted a clemency petition. Only a fragment; page OCR not retrieved. Identifying he