Situation in the Indies: Mansergh orders surrender of arms
Nijmeegsch Dagblad, 10 November 1945, p. 1: wire report on the British ultimatum of Maj-Gen Mansergh to Surabaya's Indonesian leadership to surrender arms, and on conditions in Batavia, Bandung, Semarang and the Pontianak area. It says Indonesian women and children could leave Surabaya only by a specified route. No Ger
Situation in the Indies: Mansergh demands weapons be laid down
Nijmeegsch Dagblad front-page report (10 Nov 1945) on Gen. Mansergh's ultimatum to the Surabaya authorities to disarm, plus the situation in Java and Pontianak. A communist party spokesman is among Indonesians broadcasting appeals not to surrender weapons. No Gerwani or women's organisation content beyond permission fo
Republicans want to relieve Madiun
Deventer Dagblad front-page roundup (22 Sep 1948) on the Madiun affair: republican forces prepare to retake Madiun, communist leaders of the FDR are arrested in Magelang, curfews in Kediri, Solo calmed, fighting organisations disarmed, and a 'social revolution' purge in Sumatra. Mentions Colonel Djokosoejono as communi
Heavy fight with Darul Islam gang
Twentsch Dagblad Tubantia (7 Nov 1949): a Darul Islam ambush near Brebes kills Dutch soldiers, followed by a report from Makassar that Salawati Daud, municipal councillor sought over the Masamba gang, has been arrested and the gang is broken. Colonial-press framing of her as a gang figure.
Singing competition
De Locomotief, 22 Aug 1950: announcement of a Semarang singing competition in September, with Annie Landau, Ribut Rawit and Sulami among the contestants; proceeds for a Chinese orphanage, invalids and the Indonesian war cemetery. Gerwis is not mentioned and this Sulami is probably not the Gerwani leader; identity uncon
'We do not pay the bill'
De Locomotief, 6 Oct 1950: Semarang forms an action committee against the Aniem electricity tariff rise, representing 38 organisations, chaired by Dr Rustamadji of the Partai Rakjat. Gerwis sits on the committee alongside Partai Rakjat and the youth front; it was decided to send two delegates to Jakarta and not to pay
Regency council installed
De Locomotief, 10 Oct 1950: report on the installation of the Semarang regency council by Resident Milono, listing about 40 members from many parties and bodies. Mrs Sri Utari is named as the Gerwis representative; Mrs Sukandar and Suwarti represent GPII's women's wing. Records Gerwis's presence in local government in
City news: Semarang, 2 November 1950
De Locomotief, 2 Nov 1950, Semarang city news column. Relevant items: Gerwis Semarang has a new board chaired by Miss Kadarsih after merging its three branches; Gerwis (with Perwari, Kowani) is on the committee for the reburial of Lt-Col Sirojo (catering); a PKI branch opens in Semarang. The 'Kartinah' mentioned died o
Gerwis Working Handbook, c. 1951
Founding handbook of Gerwis issued after the June 1950 Semarang fusion of six women's organisations: statutes, a catechism-style commentary, bylaws, an organising manual and a field guide for work among women workers, peasants, traders and workers' wives. Frames women's interest in anticolonial struggle.
Perwari in the Years of Struggle, 1951
Farewell report by outgoing Perwari chair Kusban, in Siaran Perwari (Jan 1951, congress issue), narrating Perwari's history during the revolution, including flight from Malang after the first Dutch attack in July 1947.
CIA report, 30 April 1951: Women communists in Indonesia
CIA report, 30 April 1951, on 'Women Communists in Indonesia': Chinese and Indonesian women's links, the Stockholm peace appeal, and Gerwis chair 'Sri Mangunsarkoro' protesting France's ban on the WIDF. Early foreign surveillance of Gerwis's WIDF ties.
Merdeka, 10 April 1951: Gerwis supports the 14-party joint programme
Merdeka, 10 Apr 1951, p. 2: Antara from Semarang that the Gerwis central board (6 Apr 1951) endorses the 14-party joint programme (annul KMB, independent foreign policy, revoke SOB) and demands a broad national coalition cabinet.
Abadi, 11 April 1951, p. 4: Gerwis Supports the 14-Party Joint Programme
Abadi, 11 April 1951, p. 4: Gerwis central board (Semarang, 6 April 1951) endorses the 14-party joint programme (cancel KMB, independent foreign policy, revoke SOB) and demands a broad coalition cabinet.
Abadi, 14 April 1951, p. 1: Support for the 14-Party Joint Programme
Abadi, 14 April 1951, p. 1: notice that letters and telegrams endorsing the 14-party joint programme poured in, including from the Gerwis central board in Semarang alongside unions and peasant groups.
Abadi, 9 June 1951, p. 2: Gerwis Is Not a Political Organisation
Abadi, 9 June 1951, p. 2: Antara report of S.K. Trimurti, as Gerwis chair, at its first-anniversary event in Semarang: Gerwis is a mass organisation among women, not political; calls to end corruption and division.
Wanita Sedar No. 14, 25 July 1951
Issue 14 of Wanita Sedar, fortnightly organ of Gerwis (25 July 1951). Covers preparation for the first Gerwis congress (57 branches, WIDF links), the Indonesian delegation to the Berlin youth festival including three Gerwis delegates, women in Czechoslovakia, and organisational news.
Comrade Sri Panggihan has died (Harian Rakjat, 9 January 1952)
Harian Rakjat, 9 Jan 1952 (four-page issue; p.4), carries a notice from the Gerwis national board (Pengurus Besar, Jakarta, 5 Jan 1952) mourning Sri Panggihan, who died 26 Dec 1951 at Kadipolo hospital, Solo. It calls her one of the promoters of Gerwis, active in organising the 1950 fusion congress in Semarang. Rest of
Advertisement: Blue Band prize competition
De Locomotief, 29 Mar 1952: a Blue Band margarine advertisement listing prize-competition winners. It was retrieved only because of the name Sumijarsi/M. Caropeboka (Bogor) in the winners' list; no Gerwani-related content. False hit, much OCR unreadable.
Advertisement (Blue Band prize draw, results)
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra page-4 advertisement (1 Apr 1952): a long Blue Band/Unilever prize-draw winners list (cars, scooters, radios, etc.) with hundreds of names and towns. 'M. Caropeboka - Bogor' appears as a ballpoint winner. Nothing indicates any link to Sumiyarsi Siwirini Caropeboka; the name match is coincide
Harian Rakjat, 23 April 1952: Kartini Day commemorations, Mrs Sri Kusnapsiah speaks
Page of the Jakarta daily Harian Rakjat, 23 April 1952 (Kartini Day issue; OCR very noisy). It reports Hari Kartini commemorations in Jakarta (about 650 women at Garden Hall), in The Hague, where Ny. S. Sri Kusnapsiah spoke on Kartini's aims and thought, and in Semarang, Bogor and elsewhere, alongside Wilopo-cabinet an
Harian Rakjat, 26 June 1952: Fanggidaej in nine-organisation delegation; Gerwis Semarang Froebel school
Harian Rakjat, Jakarta, 26 June 1952 (full issue; p. 1 relevant). Francisca Fanggidaej speaks to the paper as one of 17 members of a delegation of nine organisations (peace committee, workers, students, women's, youth and ex-combatant groups) concerning protests over the Korean war and germ warfare. Also a report that
Action against widows' pensions continues
De Locomotief, 14 Oct 1952, city news: a Semarang meeting of the committee rejecting Government Regulation 19/52 on widows' pensions for civil servants with multiple wives draws great interest from women's organisations. Twelve bodies including SOBSI, Lekra, Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwis reject the law and decide to continu
Notice of thanks from Mulyono and Sutanti after their wedding
De Locomotief, 18 Nov 1952: Indonesian-language thank-you notice by the Milono family and by newlyweds Mulyono and Sutanti after their wedding on 13 Nov 1952, plus a subscription form. No connection to Gerwani; the bride Sutanti is not shown to be Soetanti Aidit. False hit.
Gerwis opens third Froebel school (kindergarten) in Semarang
De Locomotief, 5 Feb 1953: short note that the Semarang women's association Gerwis has opened its third Froebel school (kindergarten) on Jalan Dargo, already attended by 53 pupils. Evidence of Gerwis's early childcare and kindergarten work. The second item (archaeological dating) is unrelated.
City news: Kartini Day tomorrow in Semarang
De Locomotief, 20 Apr 1953, city news: Semarang prepares Kartini Day, with a committee of women's associations chaired by Mrs Surya Hadi (Perwari), including Mrs Sri Hudarijah of Gerwis. Programme includes a commemoration meeting, a krontjong evening, a cooking competition, a dolls' exhibition and a foundation for a ho
Short city reports: International Children's Day committee in Semarang
De Locomotief, 28 May 1953, short city reports: Semarang sets up a committee for International Children's Day on 1 June, led by Mrs Darsono of Gerwis with many women's associations as members. The second item (transfer of an Orphans' Chamber head) is unrelated.
A quiet invasion of the governor's office: women petition for a marriage law
De Locomotief, 17 Dec 1953: about a hundred women from seven Semarang associations, led by Perwari and including Gerwis, ride 40 becaks to the Governor's Office to petition for a marriage law securing women's legal position and for a freeze on the 1952 regulation giving pensions to second-to-fourth wives. A Gedung Rakj
Petition in Semarang
Java-Bode, 18 December 1953, p. 2: news column reporting that a hundred women from seven Semarang women's associations, led by Perwari and joined by Gerwis, presented a petition to Central Java governor Budiono supporting a Perwari central board motion. Other snippets (hospital openings, Davao vice-consulate) are unrel
Women held a demonstration
Indische Courant voor Nederland, 23 Dec 1953, p. 3: over 2,000 women led by Perwari march in Jakarta against the amendment of Government Regulation 19 on marriage conditions and demand a marriage law; in Semarang, seven women's groups including Gerwis petition the Central Java governor.
Three non-party candidates on the PKI election list
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (21 Aug 1954, p.1): the PKI central committee announces that three non-party leaders (Prof. Purbodiningrat, Dr Tjokronegoro and the painter Hendra Gunawan) will appear on its election list, and recalls earlier announcement that Taher Thajeb, Mrs Salawati Daud and Henk Ngantung agreed to stan