1957 – 2021
Journal article by Justus M. van der Kroef (American Catholic Sociological Review, June 1957) on women's status and marriage in Indonesia: adat versus Islamic law, polygamy, divorce rates, colonial and revolutionary change. Surveys women's organisations (Perwari, Kowani) and notes Kowani's early left turn and WIDF cont
PhD dissertation (UC Berkeley, 2000) by Julie Shackford-Bradley reading autobiographical fiction by Indonesian women writers of the nationalist period: Kartini, Hamidah, Suwarsih Djojopuspito and S. Rukiah Kertapati (ch. 5 on Kedjatuhan dan Hati). Gerwani is not discussed; it appears only in bibliographic notes citing
PhD dissertation (History, University of Washington, 2020) by Hongxuan Lin tracing the confluence of Islam and Marxism in the Netherlands East Indies and Indonesia, 1915-1959, through vernacular print culture; it genealogises Sukarno's NASAKOM. Gerwani appears only briefly: citing Blackburn, it says millions joined for
Tempo English cover story (4 Oct 2021, Isma Savitri) on Umi Sardjono's early life, drawing on Ruth Indiah Rahayu and Lilik H.S. Born Suharti Sumodiwirjo in Salatiga in 1923 to a civil servant, she was shaped by Kartini, Parindra and Gerindo, worked as an underground courier in East Java, was tortured by the Japanese in