Woman and the Changing Marriage Pattern of Indonesia (van der Kroef, 1957)
Journal article by Justus M. van der Kroef (American Catholic Sociological Review, June 1957) on women's status and marriage in Indonesia: adat versus Islamic law, polygamy, divorce rates, colonial and revolutionary change. Surveys women's organisations (Perwari, Kowani) and notes Kowani's early left turn and WIDF contact; Gerwani is not named. Useful background on the marriage-law and polygamy debates Gerwani later campaigned on.
Artikel jurnal Justus M. van der Kroef (American Catholic Sociological Review, Juni 1957) tentang status perempuan dan perkawinan di Indonesia: adat versus hukum Islam, poligami, angka perceraian, perubahan kolonial dan revolusi. Membahas organisasi perempuan (Perwari, Kowani) dan belokan kiri awal Kowani serta kontaknya dengan WIDF; Gerwani tidak disebut. Latar bermanfaat bagi perdebatan UU perkawinan dan poligami yang kemudian diperjuangkan Gerwani.
“p.125: Kowani affiliates 'initially veered far to the left, taking up contact with the crypto-Communist Women's International Democratic Federation'; Indonesia still lacks a uniform marriage law (p.121).”
Howard Federspiel's PhD thesis (McGill, 1966) on the Persatuan Islam (Persis), the modernist Muslim organisation founded in Bandung in 1923, covering its beliefs, polemics and politics to 1963. Chapter 10 treats Persis views on women's role, veiling and polygamy. It never mentions Gerwani or Gerwis; the only link is a
shared: Masyumi, Mohammad Natsir, Isa Anshary, Java
Suraiya It's 2005 Temple University religion PhD dissertation on the Indonesian women's movement, with the Muhammadiyah women's section 'Aisyiyah as case study (Ch. 2 history from Kartini to the New Order; Ch. 3 religion and family law; Ch. 4-5 'Aisyiyah; Ch. 6 conclusion). Gerwani appears only in passing: Gerwis is li
shared: Indonesian Women's Congress, Women's Union of the Republic of Indonesia, Muslimat (unspecified), R.A. Kartini
PhD dissertation (History, University of Washington, 2020) by Hongxuan Lin tracing the confluence of Islam and Marxism in the Netherlands East Indies and Indonesia, 1915-1959, through vernacular print culture; it genealogises Sukarno's NASAKOM. Gerwani appears only briefly: citing Blackburn, it says millions joined for
shared: Masyumi, Suwarsih Djojopuspito, Yogyakarta, Java
Tempo English cover story (4 Oct 2021, Isma Savitri) on Umi Sardjono's early life, drawing on Ruth Indiah Rahayu and Lilik H.S. Born Suharti Sumodiwirjo in Salatiga in 1923 to a civil servant, she was shaped by Kartini, Parindra and Gerindo, worked as an underground courier in East Java, was tortured by the Japanese in
shared: R.A. Kartini, Suwarsih Djojopuspito, marriage law and polygamy
De Nieuwsgier, 17 Sept 1953: the Committee to Support Tunisia issues a manifesto backing Tunisia's freedom struggle against French policy, signed by many party leaders and organisations. S.K. Trimurti signs on behalf of Gerwis, with Maria Ulfah Santoso for Kowani and others for PNI, Masjumi, PSI, Parkindo. Shows Gerwis
shared: Indonesian Women's Congress, Masyumi, People's Women's Party, Mohammad Natsir
Article by Justus M. van der Kroef (Pacific Affairs, summer 1962) on the PKI's dilemmas under Guided Democracy: dependence on Sukarno, the July 1960 'Evaluation' clash with the army, and the party's use of mass fronts. Gerwani is named as the PKI's women's front: its organ was aggressive without censure in 1961, and in
shared: Masyumi, Justus M. van der Kroef, Java, Sumatra
Dagblad voor Noord-Limburg, 30 Mar 1957: Fatmawati, Sukarno's first wife, who left the palace after his 1954 marriage to Hartini 'to the great indignation of the Indonesian women's organisation', proposes in an open letter that a non-party woman form the new cabinet ('the fathers are not pure'). Page also covers anti-c
shared: Masyumi, Isa Anshary, West Java, marriage law and polygamy
PhD dissertation (UC Berkeley, 2000) by Julie Shackford-Bradley reading autobiographical fiction by Indonesian women writers of the nationalist period: Kartini, Hamidah, Suwarsih Djojopuspito and S. Rukiah Kertapati (ch. 5 on Kedjatuhan dan Hati). Gerwani is not discussed; it appears only in bibliographic notes citing
shared: Suwarsih Djojopuspito, Yogyakarta, Java, historiography