1965 – 1998
Berita Yudha, 7 Oktober 1965. Week after 30 September: Pemuda Rakyat members captured in Krukut allegedly took part in the Lubang Buaya killings; Sukarno's Bogor cabinet session condemns the killings; Gerwani mentioned on p. 2.
Berita Yudha, 8 Oktober 1965. First issue using 'Gestapu': Gerwani appears five times as an organisation to be dissolved, including Perti, PMKRI and Sarbumusi backing the NU-PSII demand to dissolve 'PKI, PR, Gerwani, CGMI, Lekra'.
Berita Yudha, 12 Oktober 1965. Front-page report that crowds in Yogyakarta (5–6 Oct 1965) put up placards 'Who killed the Heroes of the Revolution? Gerwani-PR' and destroyed PKI and IPPI offices; an early link of Gerwani to the killings.
Berita Yudha, 14 Oktober 1965. Regional items: 105 organisations of South Kalimantan demand dissolution of the PKI and affiliates including Gerwani; Aceh demands; Gerwani listed among organisations to be banned.
Berita Yudha, 18 Oktober 1965. Crowds raiding the Matraman house of 'Gestapu ringleader' Tjugito reportedly found 'a list of Gerwani members who were combat ready' and Gerwani banners; Suharto installed as Army commander.
Berita Yudha, 20 Oktober 1965. Richest issue in the set for Gerwani: Jakarta commander freezes activities of 'PKI, Gerwani, Pemuda Rakyat, BTI, CGMI...' and the women's volunteer corps leader Ibu Soemarno speaks; formal freeze of Gerwani.
Berita Yudha, 21 Oktober 1965. Army information chief alleges 'Gerwani Semarang' ran a public kitchen for 3,000 at the time of the 'coup'; further reports on the fate of Gerwani and the women's federation.
Berita Yudha, 22 Oktober 1965. Page 2 key items on Gerwani after the Cabinet Presidium's 20 Oct instruction to freeze implicated mass organisations in state enterprises and dismiss employees; Riau 'Malaysian' subversion reports.
Berita Yudha, 26 Oktober 1965. Antara: West Java police close and freeze assets of seven private universities suspected of G30S links, including Universitas Rakyat (UNRA) in Bandung and Cirebon; important for the education strand.
Berita Yudha, 27 Oktober 1965. Demonstration of about 300,000 demands the dismissal of Tjugito and Nj. Umi Sardjono from Kotrar; three Gerwani-related items of central importance.
Berita Yudha, 28 Oktober 1965. Youth Pledge Day issue: Central Java under a state of war, 104 dead in Banyuwangi with 62 bodies in three pits; Gerwani item on p. 2.
Berita Yudha, 29 Oktober 1965. Kodam Bukit Barisan report 'Digerebeg di Siantar' claims a Gerwani woman 'trained at Lubang Buaya' was found in a raid in Pematang Siantar, repeating eye-gouging claims.
Berita Yudha, 30 Oktober 1965. Gerwani appears in six items: a Pemuda Rakyat detainee describes Lubang Buaya training of thousands of men and women, seeing 'many members of Gerwani' lined up; one month after 1 October.
Berita Yudha, 2 November 1965. Kowani expelled Gerwani from membership as of 29 October 1965 for being 'clearly involved' in G30S; Muslimat NU chair Mahmudah Mawardi demands action against it.
Berita Yudha, 8 November 1965. Central Java war administration's Maj. Suroto lists 'indications' preceding G30S, starting with 'the demand of Gerwani Semarang for a reduction of the rice price' and unauthorised training in Klaten.
Berita Yudha, 9 November 1965. Front-page 'Peranan dan jeritan kaum ibu' on a demonstration of over 30,000 Jakarta women (8 Nov) organised by the anti-G30S front's women's section; key document of the gendered campaign against Gerwani.
Berita Yudha, 10 November 1965. Heroes' Day issue: the humour column 'Soal silet' treats the razor-blade mutilation story as common knowledge ('barbaric deeds of Gerwani who slashed our generals with razor blades').
Berita Yudha, 16 November 1965. Puspen AD report that the PKI in Ambon dissolved itself and its former Maluku head Umar Lestaluhu instructed PKI, PR, Gerwani, SOBSI, Lekra, IPPI, CGMI and BTI to follow.
Berita Yudha, 23 November 1965. Front page: Maluku Pepelrada dissolves the PKI and its mass organisations and detains 279 on Ambon in religious language denying the 'godless' PKI the right to live; Gerwani item on p. 2.
Berita Yudha, 24 November 1965. Antara: police and army officer at Harau (Payakumbuh), assisted by villagers, seize 38 Gerwani and 39 PKI members and 'green clothing' and an Aidit book.
Berita Yudha, 26 November 1965. Humour box 'Lagi-lagi soal silet': a lecturer asks 'is there a Gerwani here? why is there a razor blade?', showing the Lubang Buaya razor-blade slander as a classroom joke.
Berita Yudha, 30 November 1965. Antara story that 'executioners of Lubang Buaya' interrogated in Bandung, including 19-year-old Sujati alias Jossy, 'confessed' Aidit promised a 'Golden Horse Star' for killing the generals.
Berita Yudha, 1 Desember 1965. 'Brigpol Tukidjo tidak mempan golok': indoctrination session for local PKI, Gerwani and BTI members who 'declared their organisations dissolved' in Karang Pucung ends with a machete attack and shooting.
Berita Yudha, 3 Desember 1965. Army's version of the 'confession' of SOBSI chair and Politburo member Njono, with Gerwani items on pp. 1–2.
Berita Yudha, 6 Desember 1965. Three Gerwani items: 'Astagaaa!' relays a Pemuda Rakyat member's 'confession' in Langkat that he and Gerwani put the generals' bodies in the well; others on pp. 1–2.
Berita Yudha, 9 Desember 1965. Page 2 rich in Gerwani items: 'Di Klaten G 30 S sediakan 200 Lobang Buaja' claims 200 pits were prepared and Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat volunteers were involved.
Berita Yudha, 21 Januari 1966. Antara from Ampenan: 'Benggolan Gerwani diamankan', a Gerwani leader in Central Lombok, Masjiah, detained in Mataram prison in the drive to wipe out the PKI.
Berita Yudha, 30 Januari 1966 (edisi Minggu). Wayang-based moral column 'Tepa-Palupi (60): Bhatari Durga' retells the cursing of Uma into the demon Durga; Gerwani is invoked implicitly through the female-demon figure.
Berita Yudha, 7 Februari 1966. Boxed Antara report: BTI member Suradijo, called an 'executioner of Lubang Buaya', shot dead while 'escaping'; his reported confession involves Gerwani members stabbing the generals.
Berita Yudha, 10 Februari 1966. Two-sentence regional brief: Malang Kodim 0831 arrested two 'remnants of Gerwani' on 2 February 1966 for interrogation; routine hunt for individuals.
Berita Yudha, 25 Februari 1966. Reports of the Mahmillub trial sessions of Lt. Col. Untung with two Gerwani items; Sukarno warns he will not be 'dongkel'-ed amid KAMI blockades.
Berita Yudha, 3 April 1966 (edisi Minggu). Solo feature on superstition after the March 1966 flood; one line links Solo's misfortunes to Gerwani after the kraton carriage was moved in September 1965.
Berita Yudha, 27 April 1966: 'Taman Kanak² tak ketinggalan tendang G 30 S/PKI'. Press conference of the Federation of Indonesian Kindergartens (GTKI, ~7,000 kindergartens) says it expelled persons and schools linked to G30S/PKI since October 1965; relevant to TK Melati's fate.
Berita Yudha, 11 Mei 1966: 'Kongres Wanita Indonesia' (Barindi). Opinion article on the reorganisation of KOWANI after Subandrio's arrest: removal of coordinator Hurustiati Subandrio and the secretary, with a congress planned; accuses Hurustiati of dictating.
Berita Yudha, 18 Mei 1966. Antara: 'Tiga tokoh PKI diringkus di rumah seorang Gerwani', arrest of SOBSI Semarang secretary Pita Hardjosoemarto in the house of a woman Toemini, alleged local Gerwani member.
Berita Yudha, 28 Mei 1966. Mahmillub trial of ex-Air Force Maj. Sujono: Heru Atmodjo says Sujono was responsible for training PR, SOBSI and Gerwani at Lubang Buaya; deputy Gatot Sukrisno says about 4,000 trained.
Berita Yudha, 11 Juni 1966. Front page: Lt-Gen. Suharto at Perwari's 10th congress, where he is honoured 'Penyelamat Revolusi' and claims 40% of Central Java army units had been infiltrated; Gerwani mentioned.
Berita Yudha, 22 Juni 1966. MPRS IV session reports; a single phrase on Gerwani in the last instalment of 'Obiter Dictum' on Brig.-Gen. Sarwo Edhie's trip to the West Kalimantan Confrontation front.
Berita Yudha, 26 Juni 1966 (edisi Minggu). Interview with Attorney-General Sugih Arto promising Mahmillub trials; asked when 'the Gerwani leaders who are already immoral' will be tried, he falls silent, as the reporter imagines the 'indecent' deeds.
Berita Yudha, 30 Juli 1966. Interview with Mahmillub spokesman Ali Said: trials of Latief and PKI leaders in regions, and under the sub-heading 'Orang Gerwani juga' Gerwani people will also be tried.
Berita Yudha, 8 September 1966. Police wanted notice: Dr. Ny. Sumijarsi, 'leading figure of Gerwani/HSI/PKI' and 'the Lubang Buaya Doctor', and husband Chaerun Carepaboka, 'creators of the Lubang Buaya barbarity', still at large.
Berita Yudha, 25 September 1966 (edisi Minggu). Gossip exposé tied to the Jusuf Muda Dalam corruption trial names Siti Wahjoeni as ex-'commander' of the Palace young women's corps 'Barisan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika'; Gerwani mentioned as comparison.
Berita Yudha, 1 Oktober 1966. First-anniversary issue: Suharto on Pancasila's 'magic power', Nasution on the Cakrabirawa, photo of Yani's exhumed body, an interview with a widow; Gerwani item on p. 1.
Berita Yudha, 4 Oktober 1966. Report of a rally of some 3,500 women of KOWANI, KAWI and BPOW at Lubang Buaya (3 Oct) where, led by Ibu Tien Soeharto, they swore to 'eradicate the gerwani/pki mentality'; Ibu Soeharto says they 'practised obscenities without limit'.
Berita Yudha, 5 Oktober 1966: wawancara Ibu Tien Soeharto. Armed Forces Day issue with a front-page interview with Ibu Tien Soeharto, 'May our children not inherit the barbarity and immorality of Gerwani', and Perwari conferring 'Penyelamat Revolusi' on Suharto.
Berita Yudha, 7 Oktober 1966. KAWI (anti-communist women's action front) issues a four-point statement: Gerwani/PKI 'barbaric acts' do not stem from Indonesian women's character, the 'gerwani/pki mentality' must be eradicated, and West Sumatra should revoke a title.
Berita Yudha, 9 Oktober 1966 (edisi Minggu). Serialised interview with police agent Sukitman, 'the only witness' at Lubang Buaya, describing the well area 'full of PR/Gerwani volunteers' with 'savage faces' shouting 'ganyang kabir' as officers were shot.
Berita Yudha, 18 Oktober 1966. Purworejo Kodim reports 1,800 G30S/PKI prisoners including 65 from Gerwani, with Gerwani prisoners set to sewing and weaving; Subandrio's Mahmillub plea.
Berita Yudha, 19 Oktober 1966. Issue dominated by Subandrio's Mahmillub trial; a short Gerwani item on p. 2, with a Yogyakarta feature on villagers hearing the trial by radio opening with 'Genjer-genjer'.
Berita Yudha, 23 Oktober 1966 (edisi Minggu). Concluding instalment of Sukitman's account: in the lit kitchen tent at Lubang Buaya on the night of 1 Oct 1965 he saw 'many PR-Gerwani volunteers'.
Berita Yudha, 24 Oktober 1966: 'Hanja seorang Gerwani dapat demikian'. Front-page photo feature with staged photos re-enacting the murder of Hasnah Djohan by Aminah Achmad, who allegedly cut her throat and mutilated the body: 'Only a Gerwani could do this'.
Berita Yudha, 27 Oktober 1966. Arrest in Mampang of Krukut PKI chair Dadiwinata after a year in hiding; confession alleges in Aug 1965 PKI, PR and Gerwani figures prepared for action.
Berita Yudha, 29 Oktober 1966: 'Tahanan G 30 S/PKI di Tangerang'. Interview with Tangerang police chief: 880 G30S/PKI detainees in Tangerang; Gerwani activity there had 'almost not existed and found no market'.
Berita Yudha, 4 November 1966. Antara: three 'Gestapu/PKI ringleaders' from Bengkulu Selatan, including the Gerwani chair (name not printed), arrested a year after fleeing into the forest.
Berita Yudha, 18 November 1966: 'Tokoh Gerwani dan CC PKI Pusat segera ke Mahmillub'. Boxed report that Kodam Sriwijaya commander Makmun Murod will send the case file of Soewardiningsih, a Gerwani figure, to the Mahmillub.
Berita Yudha, 20 Desember 1966: 'Istri Aidit dibekuk ABRI'. Banner lead on the arrest on 19 Dec 1966 of D.N. Aidit's wife, a physician and daughter of Mudigdio, in Cipete Udik, living under an alias.
Berita Yudha, 28 Desember 1966. Boxed report: in 1967 former Cakrabirawa members will be tried and 'former members of Gerwani', including leading figures, will also face trial.
Berita Yudha, 5 Januari 1968. Antara report on the arrest of lawyer Yap Thiam Hien, singling out Trees Sunito, defence counsel of Njono, as 'HSI figure and Gerwani leader' as proof of PKI front organisations' infiltration.
Berita Yudha, 18 Maret 1968. Operation Sambar Raga in Surabaya (Jan–13 Mar 1968) arrested 79 members and leaders of CC PKI, SOBSI, Gerwani, Pemuda Rakyat and CGMI, alleged to be organised in a 'Tri Komando Kota'.
Berita Yudha, 14 Juni 1968. '2 Anggota PKI Kebon Melati dibekuk': Hajati alias 'ibu Imam', ex-chair of Gerwani Ranting Baturaja, arrested in Tanah Abang; allegedly 'protected 11 Gerwani members'.
Berita Yudha, 24 Juni 1968: '2 Aktivis Gerwani dan 10 orang sel PKI ditangkap'. Kodim 0504 arrested Suprijanti (21) and Turminah (23), 'ex-Gerwani activists' who allegedly 'confessed' to helping torture and kill the generals at Lubang Buaya at a young age.
Berita Yudha, 25 Juni 1968. Front page prints portrait photographs of Tuminah (23) and Suprijanti (21) as 'ex-Gerwani activists' who 'confessed' to helping kill the generals, the visual follow-up to the 24 June report.
Berita Yudha, 22 Juli 1968. 'Kodim 0501 tangkap 18 angg. G 30 S/PKI': among 18 arrested in Central Jakarta (1–18 July 1968) are four Gerwani women including ex-treasurer Siti Munidjar and ex-chair Djuriah.
Berita Yudha, 23 Agustus 1968: 'Wartawan Wanita PKI jg romantis'. Feature on Sri Sukatno, 'ex-chair of Gerwani Jakarta', journalist and wife of a Pemuda Rakyat leader, after Operasi Trisula; sensational, romanticised gendered portrayal.
Berita Yudha, 27 Agustus 1968. First instalment of 'Mengungkap petualangan P.K.I. Gaja Baru di Djatim' with a photo captioned 'Gerwani members of East Java hit by Operasi Trisula', naming Nj. Kartini as East Java Gerwani chair.
Berita Yudha, 30 Agustus 1968. Instalment IV of 'PKI Gaja Baru di Djatim': portrays Nj. Kartini, 'Gerwani deputy chair before G30S', disguised as a poor village woman and training cadres in forest 'schools'.
Berita Yudha, 11 September 1968: 'Adjudan Gubernur Djatim diamankan!'. After Operasi Trisula, six arrested in Kediri 'in connection with Gerwani ringleader Nafsijah', including labour-office head Djatmiko in whose house she allegedly stayed.
Berita Yudha, 27 September 1968: 'Mendjongsong Hari Kesaktian Pantjasila'. Commemorative feature reprinting Yudha's 1965 Lubang Buaya exhumation photos and the 'Ikrar', and celebrating Victor Fic's paper as a 'slap' to the Cornell Paper and Wertheim.
Berita Yudha, 15 Oktober 1968: '70 Prosen wanita P dirangkul G'wani/PKI'. Jakarta police chief claims nearly 70% of prostitutes in Central Java and Jakarta had been 'embraced' by Gerwani/PKI, 'proven' by Lubang Buaya; a core New Order sexual slander claim.
Berita Yudha, 21 November 1968. PAB item from Rengat: two women at the Sharia Faculty of IAIN Tembilahan (Riau), a staff member and a lecturer, detained for alleged Gerwani links.
Berita Yudha, 22 November 1968. Report that Kodim 1405 Mallusetasi arrested in Parepare 'a woman ringleader of Gerwani/PKI', Patriani Ngatimen, with a Pemuda Rakyat leader; Jakarta arrests of 13 more 'remnants'.
Berita Yudha, 13 Mar 1982, p. 1: final part of a series retelling the official PKI chronology to 30 September 1965 and asserting that 3,000 'youth and Gerwani' trained at Lubang Buaya.
Berita Yudha, 8 July 1984, p. 4: youth-page essay using 1965 as a warning, saying teenagers drawn to the 'PKI education system' were used to murder the generals at Lubang Buaya; Gerwani invoked in passing.
Berita Yudha, 1 Oct 1993, p. 2: reprints Maj. Gen. Soeharto's 15 Oct 1965 speech to the Front Nasional from Alex Dinuth's document selection, narrating 1–4 October 1965; Gerwani mentioned.
Berita Yudha, 11 Oct 1994, p. 4: opens serialisation of the 1994 Setneg White Book; Chapter I states that Lubang Buaya trained 'Sukarelawan dan Sukarelawati' of Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani.
Berita Yudha, 24 Oct 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on PKI infiltration of IPPI and PGRI and the 'Angkatan V', with volunteers from Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani.
Berita Yudha, 25 Oct 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on BTI/PR 'mass actions' and the anti-American campaign; Gerwani named twice, including among a PR/CGMI/Gerwani crowd at the East Java governor's office.
Berita Yudha, 5 Nov 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment describing G30S task forces and about 2,000 Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani members 'trained at Lubang Buaya' whose task included 'killing and burial' of the generals.
Berita Yudha, 8 Nov 1994, p. 4: White Book section on Lubang Buaya where 'sukwan PKI, among them sukwati Gerwani' wait by the well and the captives are tortured to death; no sexual or dance motif included.
Berita Yudha, 9 Nov 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on Central Java and Yogyakarta, naming Gerwani among PKI mass organisations issuing a support resolution in Wonogiri on 1 Oct 1965; editorial honours Fatmawati.
Berita Yudha, 14 Nov 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on the discovery and exhumation of the generals at Lubang Buaya, naming PR and Gerwani 'sukwan-sukwati' as trained there.
Berita Yudha, 10 Oct 1995, p. 1: Minister Tarmizi Taher claims the PKI once 'recruited Gerwani' as domestic servants posing as Christians or Muslims to provoke religious conflict.
Berita Yudha, 28 Sept 1997, p. 12: tourism feature on the Lubang Buaya monument stating that in the 'torture house' four officers 'were cruelly tortured by Gerwani until they breathed their last'.
Berita Yudha, 31 Dec 1997, p. 4: hero biography stating a Gerwani demonstration in Surabaya on 27 Sept 1965 damaged the East Java governor's residence, reported by Basuki Rachmat to Yani.
Berita Yudha, 8 Jan 1998, p. 4: final instalment of a hero biography of M.T. Harjono stating PKI antecedents like Pemuda Rakyat, CGMI and Gerwani used volunteer training as a mask, as at Lubang Buaya.