South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999, p.37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': newly released US embassy and CIA cables show US officials encouraging the army's anti-PKI campaign in Oct-Nov 1965, urging anti-PKI propaganda that links 'diabolical murder and mutilation of the genera
South China Sunday Morning Post, 23 Apr 2000, p.10, Vaudine England: profile of Sudjinah Halina (72), former Gerwani activist and political prisoner, as Indonesia reopens debate on 1965. She recounts Solo childhood, guerrilla courier work (1947-49), study at Gadjah Mada, the 1955 Prague youth festival, a job with the W
PhD dissertation (University of Michigan, 2012) by Andrew Conroe: an ethnography of former political prisoners (eks-tapol) and their children and grandchildren in Yogyakarta, centred on the group Fopperham, on memory, silence and uncertain family histories. Gerwani appears through family accounts and events: Bu Marni,
Tempo reconstruction (1 Oct 2012) of army-directed killings of PKI members in Grobogan/Purwodadi, 1967-68 (Operasi Kikis), centred on a rice-warehouse detention camp at Kuwu. Draws on Poncke Princen's 1969 exposure, Henk Kolb's list of mass graves, Hanra Inti militia and Kodam Diponegoro intelligence figures. Gerwani i
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on the Bacem bridge over Bengawan Solo (Sukoharjo), an execution site where bodies were thrown into the river in Oct 1965 and for months after. Local witnesses (Mbah Wiryo, Bibit, Supeno) and historian Sudharmono; dispute over whether Banser NU took part. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on the killing fields of Boyolali and Klaten at the foot of Merapi from 22 Oct 1965, with RPKAD and Kodam Diponegoro. Testimony of Soepomo (Pemuda Rakyat, now head of the 1965 victims research foundation) and Gito Sudarmo, who 'took quotas' of suspected PKI for execution at sites such as Sonol
PhD dissertation in History (UCLA, 2014) by Dahlia Gratia Setiyawan on U.S. anti-communist operations and the 1965-66 purge in Surabaya. Gerwani appears in context: as the PKI's women's affiliate (ch. 1), through the Surabaya women's coalition GOWS in the 27 September 1965 Grahadi demonstration (ch. 4), and in the Army
Historia article (4 Oct 2017, preview only) on seven women political prisoners at Plantungan, the women's 'Pulau Buru' at the foot of Mount Prau, with historian Amurwani Lestariningsih on the inmates (Gerwani, CGMI, PKI sympathisers, some arrested by mistake). Partial text.
Historia vignette (2019) on Eid al-Adha at Plantungan camp, drawing on Lestariningsih's book and Mia Bustam's memoir: prisoners allowed to pray with villagers, the camp's livestock unit, and Bustam giving away her meat. Camp daily life.
Film review by Soe Tjen Marching (Archipel 99, 2020, pp. 35-40) of Robert Lemelson's documentary '40 Years of Silence' (2009), following four families in Bali and Central Java affected by 1965-66, with attention to trauma, stigma ('child of communists') and the New Order propaganda film. Gerwani and the sexual slander
Tempo column (2 Oct 2021, Budi Setyarso) using Umi Sardjono's life to argue that 1965 history is still painted in black and white. It notes her arrest without trial, Bukit Duri and Plantungan until 1979, Gerwani's origins in Gerwis, about 1.5 million members by 1960, literacy courses, her immigration and marriage-law w
Leksana and Subekti (2022) on how 1965 memory reaches third-generation members of three survivor families, arguing family silence is a survival strategy preserving memory via fragmented narratives, mysticism and depoliticisation; one case has Gerwani grandparents.