Killing off the communists (South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999)
South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999, p.37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': newly released US embassy and CIA cables show US officials encouraging the army's anti-PKI campaign in Oct-Nov 1965, urging anti-PKI propaganda that links 'diabolical murder and mutilation of the generals' to Peking, and being informed of planned massacres. Gerwani appears once: Njono, head of the Jakarta PKI, was arrested with members of Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, the PKI youth and women's auxiliaries. Dead estimated at 400,000 to one million.
South China Morning Post, 17 Juli 1999, hlm. 37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': kabel Kedubes AS dan CIA yang baru dibuka menunjukkan pejabat AS mendorong kampanye anti-PKI tentara pada Okt-Nov 1965, mendesak propaganda yang mengaitkan 'pembunuhan keji dan mutilasi para jenderal' dengan Peking, dan diberi tahu tentang rencana pembantaian. Gerwani muncul sekali: Njono, ketua PKI Jakarta, ditangkap bersama anggota Pemuda Rakjat dan Gerwani, sayap pemuda dan perempuan PKI. Perkiraan korban sekitar 400.000 (kedubes) hingga satu juta.
“Mr Njono, chief of the Jakarta PKI committee and former head of SOBSI, was arrested together with several members of Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani (respectively, PKI youth and women's auxiliaries). Green urged propaganda to 'associate diabolical murder and mutilation of the generals' with Peking.”
The Guardian (Weekend Guardian), 8 Sept 1990, p.A4, John Gittings, 'The black hole of Bali': long feature on the 1965 massacre (250,000 or more killed), how the killings were organised by the army under Suharto, the Aidit/PKI role, the US list of communists (Martens/Kadane) and US encouragement, survivors ('Tapols') an
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Central Intelligence Agency, US Embassy in Jakarta
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180324 (1965), 'Attempted coup against Sukarno [15]': telegrams and letters from Djakarta, Washington and Peking, November 1965, plus appended US and Canadian reports. It records Sukarno's Heroes Day speech, Adam Malik's view of the Sukarno-generals stalemate and accounts of 30 September.
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Indonesian National Armed Forces, US Embassy in Jakarta, Suharto
LBJ Library National Security File, Indonesia (Sept 1964-Feb 1965): White House/State memoranda, Djakarta cables and CIA OCI reports on Sukarno's leftward drift, 'Sukarnoism' anti-PKI movement, succession, Malaysia and the USIS library crisis. Includes the CIA 'Sukarno and the Communists' report, listing Women's Front
shared: Central Intelligence Agency, Subandrio, A.H. Nasution, Marshall Green
US Embassy Djakarta telegram 1842, Joint Sitrep No. 68 (22 Dec 1965, Secret, sanitized, OCR rough). Reports Sukarno's speeches defending the PKI, including a Mother's Day gathering where he defended the PKI's women's affiliate (Gerwani), Nasution's 'basic guide' for crushing the PKI, the PNI purge, anti-Chinese violenc
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Mass killings of 1965–66, US Embassy in Jakarta, Suharto
Jan Bezemer's long Trouw weekend feature (30 Sep 1995) on the unresolved 1965 trauma. Covers the 30 September events, Suharto's role, US encouragement, massacres (Gatot's trial testimony) and the smear campaign against Gerwani. Draws on Saskia Wieringa's doctoral research: Gerwani was blamed for mutilating the generals
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Mass killings of 1965–66, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180320 (Oct-Nov 1965): Gilchrist's despatch no. 13 of 8 Oct 1965 on the coup and counter-coup, plus telegrams, NATO and Commonwealth reports and Chinese/Soviet/Hanoi reactions. The despatch lists GERWANI among 'chief suspects' (p. 11) and says members of PKI youth and women's groups took p
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Suharto, Subandrio, A.H. Nasution
PhD dissertation in History (UCLA, 2014) by Dahlia Gratia Setiyawan on U.S. anti-communist operations and the 1965-66 purge in Surabaya. Gerwani appears in context: as the PKI's women's affiliate (ch. 1), through the Surabaya women's coalition GOWS in the 27 September 1965 Grahadi demonstration (ch. 4), and in the Army
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Central Intelligence Agency
Edward J. Fox, University of Chicago MA dissertation (1968; the catalogue title says PhD) on the Indonesian armed forces' control programme and the pattern of violence from October 1965 to early 1968. Gerwani appears only in passing: a footnote cites 1.75 million members and notes its self-dissolution (p.32), and one u
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Suharto, Subandrio