Official history of the Indonesian youth movement (1908-1960) compiled by the Youth Bureau of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta 1965 (prefaces dated Dec. 1963), in five periods. Gerwani appears only briefly: it is listed among organisations demanding action against the 1957-58 PRRI separatis
Pravda, 1 August 1965 (No. 213), pp. 1-2: TASS communique on the 7-31 July 1965 visit of a PKI delegation led by D.N. Aidit to the USSR, with talks with Brezhnev and Suslov, plus a notice of its departure. Umi Sardjono (Gerwani's leader) is listed as candidate member of the PKI Central Committee in the delegation. Gerw
Pravda, c. 27 October 1965 (No. 300), 'The Situation in Indonesia': two short TASS dispatches from Jakarta dated 26 October. They report Sukarno and Subandrio on the 30 September Movement and ongoing repression of the PKI. Gerwani is mentioned once, among organisations banned by military authorities in North Sulawesi a
Minutes of Zhou Enlai's discussion with Indonesian First Deputy Prime Minister Subandrio, Guangzhou, 28 May 1965 (Wilson Center Digital Archive; from CWIHP Working Paper 22). Zhou discusses the Vietnam War, US escalation and his four-point statement made at Bogor in April 1965 on Chinese readiness. Editorial notes sket
Cable from the Chinese Embassy in North Korea, 14 Dec 1965, reporting a banquet conversation between DPRK Foreign Minister Pak Seong-cheol and Ambassador Jiao Ruoyu (Wilson Center Digital Archive; trans. Charles Kraus). Pak calls Sukarno still a leftist advocating Nasakom with high prestige, and warns that guerrilla wa
Kim Il Sung, Works vol. 19 (January-October 1965), Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang 1984. Collects speeches and interviews, including the 14 April 1965 lecture at the 'Ali Archam' Academy of Social Sciences in Jakarta on socialist construction in North Korea and the South Korean revolution (p. 236), and a
Chinese Foreign Ministry minutes of Zhou Enlai's conversation with Kim Il Sung in Jakarta, night of 16 April 1965, at Subandrio's residence (Wilson Center; trans. Caixia Lu). Kim reports on the Korea-Indonesia joint statement negotiated with Sukarno (Vietnam, Korea-Japan talks, Asian-African Conference), the push for a
Short Chinese Foreign Ministry minutes (Chinese original with English translation) of Zhou Enlai's 30-minute talk with Kim Il Sung at the Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, 19 April 1965 (Wilson Center; trans. Caixia Lu). Zhou says the UAR and Algeria opposed a pro-Vietnam document and Pham Van Dong dropped it to protect the sec
Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 24 April 1965, long analytical article 'Aidit and Indonesian Communism: on the springboard to power'. It reviews the Indonesian crisis, PKI history from 1920 through Madiun 1948, Aidit's rise and biography. Gerwani appears once, as a PKI front organisation with 1.5 million members, alongside SOBSI
Full May 1965 issue of Women of the Whole World (WIDF), a commemorative number for the 20th anniversary of victory over Nazism: women in the resistance, wartime memoirs and Sholokhov's story, Coventry, Leningrad, Warsaw, Lidice-type massacres, Dresden and Hiroshima, plus peace, Vietnam and anticolonial pieces. Indonesi
Short ANP wire item in Amigoe di Curaçao, 20 May 1965: Gerwani urges President Sukarno to ban the Murba party for good, calling it 'anti-Sukarno, anti-communist and anti-Nasakom'. Murba had been provisionally banned in January 1965. Shows Gerwani as a PKI-aligned political voice in the Nasakom polarisation.
Full text of Peng Zhen's speech at the PKI's Aliarcham Academy of Social Sciences, 25 May 1965, during the PKI 45th anniversary celebrations. Peng Zhen argues Asia, Africa and Latin America hold the principal contradiction against US imperialism, that US imperialism can be defeated, and attacks Khrushchev and his succe
Scinteia (Bucharest), 18 Jul 1965, p. 1: report on arrival of the PKI delegation for the 4th Congress of the Romanian Workers' Party. Delegation: D.N. Aidit (head), Karel Supit, Umi Sardjono (PKI CC alternate member, Gerwani chair) and Anwar Dharma of Harian Rakjat; met by Ceausescu. Setiati Surasto, named in the metad
ANP radio bulletin, 29 July 1965: footballer Wawejoi, who stayed in the Netherlands after the Indonesian team's visit, is expelled from the football union. Gerwani urges Jakarta to break off diplomatic relations with the Netherlands if it undermines Indonesia, demanding measures against those who allegedly kidnapped hi
Chinese Foreign Ministry minutes of Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi meeting an Indonesian delegation led by Chairul Saleh, with PNI chair Ali Sastroamidjojo, on 30 September 1965 (Wilson Center; trans. Taomo Zhou). Mao and Saleh discuss nuclear weapons, Indonesian resources and heavy industry, Chinese aid, imperialism and Ja
Algemeen Handelsblad (1965-10-09), concluding part of 'Backgrounds of the rebellion in Djakarta': surveys PKI under Aidit, PNI infiltration (including its women's movement), PKI campaign against village ulama, the banned BPS and the army's rising role under Nasution. Names S.K. Trimurti as wife of Sajuti Melik and chai
ANP radio bulletin, 10 Oct 1965: arrests continue in Jakarta; among arrested communists are members of Gerwani, 'said to be responsible' for the killing/mutilation of the six generals (garbled in source). Also reports Njoto's reported arrest, soldiers at Hotel Indonesia and 1,500-2,000 arrests in Java in a week. An ear
ANP radio bulletin, 11 Oct 1965: the army arrests all PKI board members in Bandung, and in Aceh demonstrators burned down the headquarters of Gerwani. Also notes the evacuation of American embassy families from Jakarta. Early evidence of anti-Gerwani violence outside Java.
De Nieuwe Limburger, 11 Oct 1965 (ANP/UPI/AFP): despite Sukarno's call for moderation, the army starts a nationwide drive against the PKI. On Saturday a Muslim crowd plundered the houses of Aidit and Njoto and the Gerwani building; about 2,000 arrests near Jakarta; 44 parties demand a PKI ban. Early report of attacks o
Evening Post (Wellington), 11 Oct 1965, AAP-Reuter/AP/NZPA report: mass arrests of Communists in Jakarta (about 1,500 detained in a week, 2,000 in Java) and fears of a Communist counter-terror. A Muslim mob ransacked a suburban Gerwani office, destroying files and furniture. Saura Islam alleges Communist women tried to
Headline-only clipping 'Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia' from the Evening Post of 11 Oct 1965; no further text.
Opening clipping of the Evening Post article of 11 Oct 1965: mass arrests of Communists continued in Jakarta, with fears of a retaliatory terror campaign; unofficial estimates of 1,500 detained in a week and 2,000 captured in Java. Gerwani is not mentioned in this fragment.
Opening clipping of the Evening Post article of 11 Oct 1965: mass arrests of Communists continued in Jakarta, with fears of a retaliatory terror campaign; unofficial estimates of 1,500 detained in a week and 2,000 captured in Java. Gerwani is not mentioned in this fragment.
Clipping from the Evening Post, 11 Oct 1965: a Muslim mob ransacked a suburban Gerwani office, destroying files and burning furniture, after PKI headquarters was burned; Sukarno reportedly gave the Army 'full power'; PNI backs the Army; Saura Islam claims Communist women tried to kidnap Muslim women.
Courrier de Genève, 11 Oct 1965, AFP report 'In Djakarta, Muslims ransack the home of the leader of the Indonesian communists': per the daily Mimbar Revolusi, crowds sacked the homes of Aidit and Njoto and the headquarters of 'Gerwani'. Also: 86 rebels captured near Brebes, mass demonstrations in Malang, and an analysi
Freiburger Nachrichten (Fribourg), 11 Oct 1965, weekend politics column. Indonesia items: demonstrations in Malang demanding punishment of coup instigators, Radio Jakarta losing primacy, and the Muslim daily Mimbar Revolusi's report that homes of Aidit and Njoto were plundered and the Gerwani headquarters devastated, w
Journal du Jura (Biel), 11 Oct 1965, 'The homes of the communist leaders ransacked' (AFP). The Muslim daily Mimbar Revolusi reports that homes of Aidit and Njoto were sacked, a bloodstained shirt found at Njoto's, then crowds ransacked the Gerwani headquarters; one billion rupiah allegedly found at Aidit's. Also 86 'co
Journal et feuille d'avis du Valais, 11 Oct 1965, brief item 'Ransacked' (AFP). The Muslim daily Mimbar Revolusi reports that the homes of Aidit and Njoto were ransacked by Muslims, a bloodstained bullet-riddled shirt found at Njoto's, and that demonstrators then ransacked the Gerwani headquarters.
Le Nouvelliste (Valais), 11 Oct 1965, 'In Indonesia, rebels and ... communists are hunted down'. A military source claims 90% of rebels arrested and five battalions (4,000 men) took part in the coup. Repeats the AFP account that Muslims ransacked the homes of Aidit and Njoto and then the Gerwani headquarters, with one
Evening Post (Wellington), 12 Oct 1965, NZPA-Reuter report: Communists flee into Central Java hills from an Army dragnet; branch officials detained; US embassy dependants withdrawn. Mobs ransacked Communist youth, women's and trade-union offices in Jakarta; per Radio Malaysia quoting Radio Jakarta, a crowd burned the G