Groot Arnhem report (10 Nov 1945) on General Mansergh's ultimatum to Indonesian forces in Surabaya, demanding surrender of arms and leaders by 6 a.m., and permitting Indonesian women and children to leave the city on 9 November. Notes a communist spokesman among four leaders who broadcast defiance. Background to the Ba
Soviet Woman, 30 Oct 1946, pp. 55-58: Nina Bondareva's article on women and children in colonial countries (India, Egypt, Indonesia, Indo-China), with Olga Khvalebnova on Albania's women. The Indonesia section, pre-Gerwani, praises the republic, notes a woman minister of social welfare, a women's congress at Madiun fed
WIDF Bulletin, 1947: French Friends of Peace conference, plus an 'Indonesia' item quoting a letter from the Secretariat of the Indonesian Women's Congress on the Dutch colonial war. It says all women's organisations back the Republic, women take part in the fighting, thanks Dutch women's groups for protesting, and asks
Long article in the Dutch communist daily De Waarheid (15 Jan 1947) by its "Indonesian collaborator" assessing support for the Linggarjati draft in the Indonesian provisional parliament: Masjumi and PNI divided or opposed, while the PKI, Partai Sosialis, Pesindo, Christian parties, Partai Buruh, Perwari and BTI back it
De Noord-Ooster report (4 Mar 1947) on the Indonesian parliament's debate on the Linggadjati accord, with a delegate of "the Indonesian women's organisation" opposing talks with the Dutch, PNI criticism of the cabinet, and comment on van Mook, Sukarno and Sjahrir. The women's delegate is not named reliably; Gerwani did
Nieuwe Vlaardingsche Courant, 5 March 1947: Dutch commentary column on the Indies and Palestine. In one line, 'the Indonesian women's organisation' at talks in Malang is said to consider cooperation with the Dutch impossible after Linggadjati. The organisation is not named and cannot be identified as Gerwis (founded 19
Nieuwe Courant, 7 July 1947, p. 2: S.K. Trimurti, Minister of Labour in the Republican government, tells Antara the labour organisation must be strengthened and led to the national fighting front, notes production shortages from Dutch and Japanese destruction, and says wages must consider total consumption and availabl
De Heerenveensche Koerier, 8 July 1947, summarising a Vrij Nederland exposé on the Dutch 'purge' in South Sulawesi (Dec 1946-Mar 1947), with sworn statements and over 20,000 reported dead. It quotes a letter from the women of Makassar protesting the soldiers' methods, signed on behalf of a women's social association by
WIDF documents volume (Budapest, December 1948) for the Conference of the Women of Asia: the report of the WIDF commission that toured South-East Asia in February-April 1948, plus country reports (Viet Nam, India, Malaya, China, Korea, Africa, Mongolia and others). Indonesia is mentioned only in passing: the commission
WIDF 1948 article describing an international exhibition of women's struggles (China, Palestine, Egypt, Iran, Vietnam, India, Indonesia). The Indonesia panel shows women fighting Dutch and Japanese colonial oppression for independence, with photographs of wartime hardship, and affirms Indonesian women's stand beside me
NAACP Papers, Part 14 (ProQuest): Indonesia file, January 1948 to May 1949. It holds the Action Conference on Indonesia (New York, 6 Dec 1947) papers, Walter White's cable to Nehru, Dutch Joint Action of Netherlands Women appeals on Dutch detainees and alleged forced concubinage in Republican territory, legal memoranda
Berliner Zeitung, 7 March 1948, p. 1: front-page report "80-Millionen-Frauenprotest gegen Krieg" on the WIDF (IDFF) appeal for International Women's Day, issued in the name of 80 million women from 48 countries. It denounces US imperialist war-making and calls on women to protest the war in Vietnam and Indonesia. Indon
Neues Deutschland, 7 March 1948, p. 1: the WIDF (IDFF) appeal for International Women's Day. Gerwani is not mentioned; Indonesia appears only twice, when French, Italian and Dutch women are urged to protest the war in Vietnam and Indonesia and when 'heroic women' of Indonesia and other fighting countries are assured of
De Waarheid (8 Mar 1948) International Women's Day piece celebrating women's courage under occupation and capitalism, citing the WIDF appeal for peace, democracy and social justice. It voices Dutch women's demand that their sons be brought back from Indonesia. Concerns the Dutch communist women's movement; no Indonesia
De Waarheid report (9 Jul 1948) on the WIDF international women's exhibition in Paris (12 Jun-18 Jul, 42 countries). The Dutch Women's Movement stand had a section on Indonesia, opposing colonial war; the article contrasts Western capitalism with Eastern Europe, China and the USSR. No Indonesian women's group is named.
De Waarheid report (24 Jul 1948) on a Perhimpunan Indonesia group of Indonesian workers and students performing dances and songs in Paris and Saint-Denis at WIDF invitation during its women's exhibition. An Indonesian woman greeted French women; the piece notes Kowani is a WIDF member. No Gerwis/Gerwani and no named In
Declassified CIA report 'International Communist Movements, 1 May - 1 September 1948', listing meetings of communist front bodies and delegate travel. Its table for the Southeast Asia Youth Conference lists, for Indonesia, Francisca Fanggidaej of the Badan Kongres Pemuda Republik Indonesia among the delegates, with Sya
Declassified CIA report 'International Communist Movements, 1 May - 1 September 1948', listing meetings of communist front bodies and delegate travel. Its table for the Southeast Asia Youth Conference lists, for Indonesia, Francisca Fanggidaej of the Badan Kongres Pemuda Republik Indonesia among the delegates, with Sya
Deventer Dagblad front-page roundup (22 Sep 1948) on the Madiun affair: republican forces prepare to retake Madiun, communist leaders of the FDR are arrested in Magelang, curfews in Kediri, Solo calmed, fighting organisations disarmed, and a 'social revolution' purge in Sumatra. Mentions Colonel Djokosoejono as communi
Het Dagblad (Batavia) item (22 Sep 1948, p.2) quoting Musso's radio speech from communist-held 'Radio Gelora Pemuda' after the Madiun coup: the revolution is under national-communist leadership against imperialism, Sukarno and Hatta are called 'servants of Japan and America', and he says more than twenty million Indone
Indische Courant voor Nederland (29 Sep 1948, p.3) 'Radio war in the republic': Musso, Colonel Djokosoejono and Suripno speak on communist-held Radio Gelora Pemuda after the Madiun takeover, attacking Sukarno and Hatta as capitulationists and 'servants of Japan and America'. Musso says over twenty million women were wi
De Waarheid piece (1 Oct 1948) presenting the 80-million-member WIDF to Dutch readers as ordinary women including those in Indonesia, and quoting its appeal to women to demand arms reduction and ban atomic weapons. Indonesia appears only in a list of countries.
Het Dagblad (Batavia) report (4 Dec 1948, p.1) on republican cabinet deliberations and arrests of communists after Madiun. It reports Francisca Fanggidaej, once delegated to Prague by the BKPRI, was captured with Colonel Djokosoejono and Politburo member Sardjono, and, per her statement, that 23 women were with Amir Sj
Indische Courant voor Nederland (11 Dec 1948, p.2): Republican officials deny measures against Tan Malaka's Gerakan Revolusi Rakjat, though Ibnu Parna was arrested. It details arrests of communist leaders: Colonel Djokosoejono, PKI politburo's Sardjono and Francisca Fanggidaej (once delegated to Prague by the BKPRI); p
De Waarheid report (29 Dec 1948) on the second WIDF congress in Budapest (1-6 Dec, 600+ women, 54 countries), framed as a Soviet-led peace front against "Anglo-American imperialism". Dutch Labour women are chided over the colonial war in Indonesia; Indonesian women are not among the delegates named.
Pamphlet (1949, British WIDF Committee, Daily Worker-style 'Today' publication) in which Marian Ramelson reports on the WIDF-organised Conference of the Women of Asia in Peking (198 delegates, 23 countries). It relays delegates' speeches on child labour, polygamy, illiteracy and colonialism, and praises New China. Indo
Official WIDF account of its Second Women's International Congress, Budapest, 1-6 December 1948 (390 delegates, 51 nations), with preface by Irene Joliot-Curie. It frames women's rights, child welfare and peace against Cold War blocs. Gerwani is not named. Indonesia appears only as a colonial struggle: appeals to end D
De Waarheid report (4 Jan 1949) on Dutch delegates Annie Gelok and Mien Bosch at the second WIDF congress, with the full manifesto. Gelok said the Dutch Women's Movement alone sided with the Indonesian people and demanded troop withdrawal; the paper notes Indonesia's WIDF-affiliated women's organisation was absent beca
De Waarheid report (6 Jan 1949) on international protests against the Dutch "Christmas" military action in Indonesia: the WFTU statement, and the WIDF telegram and letter to the Security Council on behalf of 80 million women including its Indonesian and Dutch affiliates. Also covers Security Council scheduling and Mini
De Waarheid call (5 Mar 1949) for Dutch women to demonstrate on International Women's Day for peace: against the colonial war in Indonesia, the Marshall Plan and Atlantic Pact, for troop withdrawal and equal pay, with Soviet women held up as models and WIDF president Cotton quoted. Concerns Dutch communist women; no In