Gerwani statement on abrogating the KMB; women at the SOBSI national council (Bintang Timur, 23 February 1956)
Front page (with pp. 2-4) of Bintang Timur, Jakarta, 23 Feb 1956. The DPP Gerwani issues a statement, after a meeting with Central Java, West Java and Jakarta delegates, demanding full unilateral abrogation of the KMB agreements. Women delegates Setiati Surasto (Sarbupri), Sri Ambar, Tuti, Rantiyem and Emmy Purwati att
Gerwani endorses prosecutor's demand against Jungschlager (Bintang Timur, 28 February 1956)
Front page (with pp. 2-4) of Bintang Timur, Jakarta, 28 Feb 1956, dominated by the KMB abrogation debate and the Masyumi/PNI-NU stand-off. A short item reports Gerwani welcoming and endorsing the prosecutor's demand against the Dutch defendant Jungschlager, calling it commensurate with his crimes. Other items cover the
Umi Sardjono joins the Development faction in the new DPR (Bintang Timur, 4 April 1956)
Front page (with pp. 2-4) of Bintang Timur, Jakarta, 4 Apr 1956. A short item on the new DPR's factions lists Umi Sardjono (Gerwani chair) among the members of the 'Pembangunan' (Development) faction, with Suprapto, Abulhayat, Runturambi, Supardi and Sujono. Headline news: government to seek full KMB abrogation and tak
Sukarno's Konsepsi widely supported; Nahdlatul Ulama opposes (Renmin Ribao, 24 February 1957)
Renmin Ribao, 24 Feb 1957, p. 6 (Xinhua, Jakarta): reports support for Sukarno's Konsepsi (mutual-cooperation cabinet) from SOBSI and Gerwani, whose 22 Feb statement cites imperialist plots and the rebellions of Lubis, Simbolon and Hussein; Nahdlatul Ulama's Duta Masyarakat and parliamentary chair Asjin oppose it.
Sukarno's Konsepsi widely supported; Nahdlatul Ulama opposes (Renmin Ribao, 24 February 1957)
Renmin Ribao, 24 Feb 1957, p. 6 (Xinhua, Jakarta): reports support for Sukarno's Konsepsi (mutual-cooperation cabinet) from SOBSI and Gerwani, whose 22 Feb statement cites imperialist plots and the rebellions of Lubis, Simbolon and Hussein; Nahdlatul Ulama's Duta Masyarakat and parliamentary chair Asjin oppose it.
Harian Rakjat, 8 March 1957: Setiati Surasto on menstrual leave
Harian Rakjat issue of 8 March 1957 (International Women's Day), noisy OCR. Page 3 carries Setiati Surasto's women's-day article defending menstrual leave (cuti haid) for women workers under Labour Law 1951/1948. Elsewhere: a Gerwani branch (Blitar) reported gaining members, a Gerwani public lecture is announced, and t
Indonesia launches 'smash Malaysia' movement: Sukarno, Aidit and women's support
Xinhua dispatches in Renmin Ribao (19 Mar 1964, p. 3) on Indonesia's 'smash Malaysia' campaign: Sukarno orders the armed forces to contribute, Aidit swears in Pemuda Rakyat volunteers, and DPR-GR members back the President. Umi Sardjono, representing women and a Gerwani leader, pledges that Indonesian women will carry
Pravda, 7 Oct 1965: events in Indonesia, demands to ban Gerwani
Pravda no. 280, 7 October 1965 (full issue). Page 3 TASS item 'On the events in Indonesia' (Jakarta, 6 Oct): Nahdlatul Ulama and other groups, via Angkatan Bersendjata, demand Sukarno ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani, SOBSI; mass arrests of Communists; Sukarno urges calm ('saving the revolution is more important tha
Pravda, 7 Oct 1965: events in Indonesia, demands to ban Gerwani (excerpt)
Pravda no. 280, 7 October 1965 (excerpt of the page). Page 3 TASS item 'On the events in Indonesia' (Jakarta, 6 Oct): Nahdlatul Ulama and other groups, via Angkatan Bersendjata, demand Sukarno ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani, SOBSI; mass arrests of Communists; Sukarno urges calm ('saving the revolution is more impo
FO 371/180322: Attempted Coup against Sukarno [13] (28 Oct-5 Nov 1965)
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180322 (28 Oct-5 Nov 1965): Djakarta telegrams quoting Antara on the post-coup purge, Sukarno versus the generals, Medan and Central Java. Gerwani items: tel. 2418 (2 Nov, p. 52) reports a Kowani/women's congress move to expel Gerwani members; tel. 2421 (p. 57) quotes Suharto naming 'Pemud
Neues Deutschland, 7 Oct 1965, p. 7: Sukarno chaired the session
Neues Deutschland, 7 October 1965, p. 7: ADN/ND report 'Sukarno leitete Sitzung', quoting TASS on the Indonesian cabinet meeting at Bogor after the 30 September events. Sukarno urged calm; the newspaper 'Angkatan Bersendjata' published the demand of Nahdlatul Ulama and others that he ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, the wom
Other Indonesian parties' stance after 30 September: Nahdlatul Ulama statement (snippet)
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao extract (20 Oct 1965, p. 5) from a compilation of Indonesian statements after 30 September. The visible text is point 3 of the Nahdlatul Ulama statement, claiming Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani members were sent from afar to Lubang Buaya for training; truncated. Full text is GA-01982.
Stance of other parties in Indonesia: statements demanding dissolution of PKI and mass organisations
Renmin Ribao compilation (20 Oct 1965, p. 5) of Indonesian organisations' statements after 30 September, taken from Radio Republik Indonesia and Antara. Nahdlatul Ulama and affiliates, Perti and others demand dissolution of the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani; the NU text alleges Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat members were t
Sudden change in Indonesia's political situation (snippet)
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao front-page extract (20 Oct 1965): in an article on the abrupt change in Indonesian politics, Nahdlatul Ulama and others demand the early dissolution of the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani and other organisations, and a ban on supportive publications; truncated. Full text is GA-01984.
Abrupt change in Indonesia's political situation: Suharto takes control, mass arrests, PKI offices burned
Xinhua survey in Renmin Ribao (20 Oct 1965, p. 1) of Indonesia's first three weeks after 30 September, from Chinese-side sources: Suharto takes control, mass arrests (3,000 by 17 October), PKI headquarters burned, Harian Rakjat closed, universities shut, anti-Chinese incidents. Gerwani appears in the NU demand to disso
Losing a Revolution: The PKI versus the Army in Indonesia, 1949-1965 (Sutley, 1988)
Stewart K. Sutley's MA thesis (Political Science, McGill, 1988) applies Tilly and Aya's 'political conflict' model to the PKI-Army struggle of 1949-65, arguing the PKI's state-within-a-state depended on Sukarno and was destroyed after the army struck at the president. Gerwani is treated only as the PKI's 'women's front