Kartinah Kurdi, 'Intensifying training of women volunteers' (Harian Rakjat, 27 September 1965; JPRS)
JPRS translation of Kartinah Kurdi's article in Harian Rakjat, 27 Sept 1965 (days before the coup), urging more intensive training of Gerwani 'Sukwati' volunteer women for Dwikora. Describes training centres (Jakarta 'Kartini' and 'Tavip' forces; provincial centres), rallies at Gerwani's 15th anniversary, women marchin
JPRS Translations on South and East Asia No. 101: Indonesian press, October 1965 (dismiss Gerwani from the women's movem
JPRS Translations on South and East Asia No. 101: selected Oct 1965 Indonesian press items. Gerwani-related: Duta Masjarakat (16 Oct) 'Dismiss Gerwani from Women's Movement' saying members trained at Lobang Buaja and urging Kowani (chair Hurustiati Subandrio) to act; 11 Oct 'Gerwani and Pemuda Rakjat in Disguise' (clai
Evening Post (Wellington), 11 Oct 1965, AAP-Reuter/AP/NZPA report: mass arrests of Communists in Jakarta (about 1,500 detained in a week, 2,000 in Java) and fears of a Communist counter-terror. A Muslim mob ransacked a suburban Gerwani office, destroying files and furniture. Saura Islam alleges Communist women tried to
Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia (Evening Post, 11 October 1965), headline clipping
Headline-only clipping 'Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia' from the Evening Post of 11 Oct 1965; no further text.
Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia (Evening Post, 11 October 1965), opening clipping
Opening clipping of the Evening Post article of 11 Oct 1965: mass arrests of Communists continued in Jakarta, with fears of a retaliatory terror campaign; unofficial estimates of 1,500 detained in a week and 2,000 captured in Java. Gerwani is not mentioned in this fragment.
Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia (Evening Post, 11 October 1965), opening clipping (duplicate)
Opening clipping of the Evening Post article of 11 Oct 1965: mass arrests of Communists continued in Jakarta, with fears of a retaliatory terror campaign; unofficial estimates of 1,500 detained in a week and 2,000 captured in Java. Gerwani is not mentioned in this fragment.
Fears of a New Surge of Red Terror in Indonesia (Evening Post, 11 October 1965), clipping on Gerwani office raid
Clipping from the Evening Post, 11 Oct 1965: a Muslim mob ransacked a suburban Gerwani office, destroying files and burning furniture, after PKI headquarters was burned; Sukarno reportedly gave the Army 'full power'; PNI backs the Army; Saura Islam claims Communist women tried to kidnap Muslim women.
Stance of other parties in Indonesia: statements demanding dissolution of PKI and mass organisations
Renmin Ribao compilation (20 Oct 1965, p. 5) of Indonesian organisations' statements after 30 September, taken from Radio Republik Indonesia and Antara. Nahdlatul Ulama and affiliates, Perti and others demand dissolution of the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani; the NU text alleges Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat members were t
Suara Merdeka, 29 October 1965, p. 1: Central Java National Front freezes fifteen organisations
Suara Merdeka (Semarang), 29 Oktober 1965, hlm. 1. Central Java National Front decision 20/PDFN/1965 (27 Oct) freezing fifteen parties and organisations including 'Ormas Wanita Gerwani (Gerakan Wanita Indonesia)' and Baperki.
Criticism of army leadership: Subandrio counterattacks; women march against Gerwani
De Nieuwe Limburger, 9 Nov 1965 (Reuters): Subandrio denies involvement in the coup and criticises army dismissals; troops search Jakarta's Chinese quarter. Thousands of women and girls, about 10,000 housewives, students and actresses, march from Suharto's headquarters to the National Front demanding dissolution of Ger
Another demonstration against the PKI (women cheer Suharto)
Het Parool wire report (9 Nov 1965) under 'Women cheer Suharto': 100,000 anti-communist demonstrators in Jakarta demand a ban on the PKI and 'crushing' of the 30 September movement; the army searches a Chinese quarter. Thousands of women marched to National Front headquarters; Suharto thanked them for loyalty to the ar
Another demonstration against the PKI: women cheer Suharto
Het Rotterdamsch Parool report (9 Nov 1965, p.1) under 'Women cheer Suharto', same wire text as other Dutch papers: 100,000 anti-communist demonstrators in Jakarta demand banning the PKI; the army searches a Chinese quarter; thousands of women march to the National Front HQ, are addressed by Suharto and cheer him, repr
251 dead in Central Java; women demonstrate against the PKI
Leeuwarder Courant, 9 November 1965, p. 5: report that about 10,000 housewives, schoolgirls and actresses marched in Jakarta to the National Front office demanding dissolution of Gerwani and state control of communist-run schools, while over a million demanded the PKI's dissolution. Governor Mokhtar says 251 were kille
Sukarno given list of suspected MPs; women demonstrate against Communists (South China Morning Post, 9 November 1965)
South China Morning Post, 9 Nov 1965, p.20 (Jakarta, 8 Nov): Sukarno is given a list of suspected PKI members of parliament; about 10,000 housewives, girl students and actresses marched to Suharto's HQ and the National Front office shouting support for Sukarno and the armed forces, denounced Gerwani, 'the PKI's women's
The Guardian, 9 Nov 1965, p.12 (BUP/Reuter, Jakarta, 8 Nov): about 10,000 Indonesian women and girls, led by drummers and majorettes, marched from Suharto's headquarters to the National Front office shouting support for Sukarno and against the Communists, and called for the dissolution of Gerwani, 'the Communist women'
Dunántúli Napló, 9 Nov 1965: Indonesian roundup, demands to ban PKI and Gerwani permanently
Dunántúli Napló, 9 Nov 1965, news roundup on Indonesia after 30 September: PKI ban spreads to Bali, Sukarno keeps Nasakom but hints at measures, press closures, 102 deputies blacklisted. Notably, right-wing forces staged a women's demonstration in Jakarta marching to Suharto's house and the National Front, demanding a
Somogyi Néplap, 9 Nov 1965: 'New anti-left measures'; demands to ban PKI and Gerwani
Somogyi Neplap (Hungary), 9 Nov 1965, p. 2: MTI report 'New anti-left measures' from Jakarta. A right-wing women's demonstration marched to Suharto's house and the National Front, demanding a final ban of the PKI and Gerwani. Also covers searches in Jakarta's old town, a blacklist of 102 deputies, the PKI ban extended
Women Denounce Reds (Sunraysia Daily, 10 November 1965)
Sunraysia Daily (Mildura), 10 November 1965, p. 14, AAP/UPI report from Jakarta that 10,000 women (housewives, students, actresses) denounced Gerwani as 'a disgrace to Indonesian womanhood' and demanded its dissolution. They marched from Suharto's headquarters to the National Front with bands and batons and handed a pe
Women Denounce Reds (Sunraysia Daily, 10 November 1965), duplicate
Sunraysia Daily (Mildura), 10 November 1965, p. 14, AAP/UPI report from Jakarta that 10,000 women (housewives, students, actresses) denounced Gerwani as 'a disgrace to Indonesian womanhood' and demanded its dissolution. They marched from Suharto's headquarters to the National Front with bands and batons and handed a pe
National Front Head Briefs Women's Congress (FBIS, 14 Nov 1965)
FBIS item (Jakarta radio, 14 Nov 1965): National Front secretary-general Sudibjo briefed Kowani leaders and affiliated organisations, saying the 30 September Movement, especially PKI elements and mass organisations, split revolutionary unity and weakened the Dwikora offensive. He urged mass action consolidated under Su
Indonesia: KOTI Overhaul Could Show Where Power Is (Canberra Times, 15 November 1965)
Canberra Times, 15 Nov 1965, p. 5 (AAP): Suharto says Sukarno's KOTI command will be overhauled; analysis of the Sukarno-Army power struggle and Subandrio's fate. Reports that 1,000 women marched on government offices backing the anti-Communist purge and presented a National Front resolution announcing suspension of Ge
Indonesia: KOTI Overhaul Could Show Where Power Is (Canberra Times, 15 November 1965), duplicate
Canberra Times, 15 Nov 1965, p. 5 (AAP): Suharto says Sukarno's KOTI command will be overhauled; analysis of the Sukarno-Army power struggle and Subandrio's fate. Reports that 1,000 women marched on government offices backing the anti-Communist purge and presented a National Front resolution announcing suspension of Ge
Telegram 183A, US Consulate Medan, 6 December 1965
US Consulate Medan telegram, 6 December 1965: after the PKI's 'virtual destruction' in Sumatra the Army extends control over civil service, press, youth, National Front and Hansip. Shows the institutional consolidation that followed the killings.
Youth and the Wane of Soekarno's Government (Paget, 1970)
Roger Paget's 1970 Cornell PhD thesis on how student and youth action groups, culminating in KAMI, emerged after 1 October 1965 and helped undermine Sukarno. Gerwani appears in several passages: action fronts demanded its banning (p. 44) and its offices were ransacked (p. 63); Herlina denounced it for not fighting Mala
Berita Yudha, 1 October 1993: 'Facts' (Suharto's speech of 15 October 1965)
Berita Yudha, 1 Oct 1993, p. 2: reprints Maj. Gen. Soeharto's 15 Oct 1965 speech to the Front Nasional from Alex Dinuth's document selection, narrating 1–4 October 1965; Gerwani mentioned.
Fashioning Authoritarianism: Militarization of Society in Indonesia, 1930-1966 (Joshua, 2023)
PhD dissertation (Northwestern, 2023) by Norman Joshua on the militarization of Indonesian society, 1930-1966. It argues the Army intervened in non-military affairs through the 'twin logics' of emergency powers and counterinsurgency, culminating in the New Order. Gerwani appears only in passing: p. 428 gives its claime