De Waarheid report (7 Nov 1949) on clashes between Dutch troops and guerrillas in Blitar, Central Java and South Sulawesi. It says Makassar municipal councillor Salawati Daud "has already been arrested", officially as head of a resistance group, and calls the East Indonesia government a puppet; companion to colonial-pr
Twentsch Dagblad Tubantia (7 Nov 1949): a Darul Islam ambush near Brebes kills Dutch soldiers, followed by a report from Makassar that Salawati Daud, municipal councillor sought over the Masamba gang, has been arrested and the gang is broken. Colonial-press framing of her as a gang figure.
Algemeen Dagblad front page (1949-11-08) with several military items; relevant part: Salawati Daoed, woman member of the Makassar municipal council, sought over the gang that murdered Faroko representative Pluyter, has been arrested. Also reports a Darul Islam ambush near Brebes and an abduction near Salatiga.
Eindhovensch Dagblad roundup 'Still terror in Indonesia' (8 Nov 1949, p.3): a Dutch patrol ambushed by a Darul Islam band near Brebes, Central Java, and, from Celebes, the arrest in Makassar of councillor Salawati Daoed (Salawati Daud), sought in connection with the Masamba gang. A report is being prepared in Masamba b
Het Vaderland miscellany column 'Indonesische tjampoeran' (30 Jun 1951, p.12) with many short items. Relevant: an emergency meeting of parliament's home affairs section chaired by Mrs Moedigdio (Mudigdio) resolves to ask the government about Mrs Waworoentoe, dismissed as mayor of Manado and placed under house arrest by
De Nieuwsgier, 27 May 1953: at Affandi Ridhwan's trial in Bandung for cooperation with Darul Islam, he argues he acted with central government approval, asking why he should be punished if Leimena contacted RMS bands and 'Mrs Salawati Daoed' negotiated with Kahar Muzakkar's bands. Salawati Daud appears only as a preced
Java-Bode, 27 May 1953, p. 2: report on the Bandung trial of Affandi Ridhwan, charged with cooperating with Darul Islam, who argued he acted with government approval. He invoked Minister Leimena's contacts with RMS bands and Mrs Salawati Daud's negotiations with Kahar Muzakkar's bands. Salawati Daud is the only link to
Indische Courant voor Nederland, 3 Jun 1953, p. 3: in his Bandung trial for cooperation with Darul Islam, Affandi Ridhwan argues he acted with government approval, citing Leimena's contacts with RMS gangs and Mrs Salawati Daud's negotiations with Kahar Muzakkar's gangs; counsel Kasman Singodimedjo asks for acquittal.
Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra (17 Jul 1953, p.2): a delegation of PPDI, Partai Buruh, PNI, PKI, PRIM, Gerwis and Permai, after a large Bandung demonstration, met Sukarno to present an open letter asking for a decree declaring DI and other bands enemies of the state to be eradicated by force. Sukarno agreed personally but
De Waarheid, 17 Aug 1955, p. 3: Cor Geugjes's article for the Republic's tenth anniversary, covering Dutch colonial violence, the Bandung Conference, the Ali Sastroamidjojo government's fall and replacement by a Masjumi-PSI cabinet under Harahap, and the PKI's election platform. It lists Gerwani only as 'the strong wom
Friese Koerier travel/feature piece (12 Mar 1964, p.11) on how Indonesian communists won rural support via relief after Darul Islam raids, farming advice, theatre, wayang and badminton. It states the communists founded nominally non-communist organisations: BTI, Gerwani ('the Indonesian women's movement') and Pemuda Ra
De Waarheid, 8 Nov 1965, p. 3: report that the army continues violent actions against progressives; per an army communique, paratroopers near Solo shot nine women who stood before tanks and refused to move, said to be Gerwani members. Also notes army encouragement of Muslims to destroy communists' buildings in Tasikmal
PhD dissertation (Northwestern, 2023) by Norman Joshua on the militarization of Indonesian society, 1930-1966. It argues the Army intervened in non-military affairs through the 'twin logics' of emergency powers and counterinsurgency, culminating in the New Order. Gerwani appears only in passing: p. 428 gives its claime