The Women's Role in Development in Indonesia (National Committee for International Women's Year, 1975)
Indonesia's official country report for the 1975 International Women's Year World Conference in Mexico City, prepared by the Indonesian National Committee under the Suharto government (Jakarta, June 1975). It gives speeches by Suharto, Tien Suharto and ministers, then chapters on women's legal status, the 1974 Marriage
Military Tribunals to Try Gestapu-PKI Elements (FBIS, 29 Jan 1975)
FBIS item (Jakarta radio, 29 Jan 1975): military tribunals in Padang and Pekanbaru began trying six Gestapu-PKI and subversion defendants, all former junior officers or soldiers. Names, units and judges are listed. Gerwani and women are not mentioned; the people tag Umi Sardjono appears unrelated to the text.
Subversion Trial of Four Gerwani Leaders (FBIS, 3 Feb 1975)
Short FBIS item (Jakarta radio, 3 Feb 1975): four leaders of the PKI-affiliated Gerwani, Mrs Sri Ambar, Sujinah, Sulami and Suharti, went on trial in the Central Jakarta district court on subversion, conspiracy and rebellion charges linked to Gestapu-PKI. The report calls them the first PKI woman leaders to be tried.
Daily World, 3 July 1975: WFTU condemns jailings of Indonesian workers and SOBSI ban
Daily World, 3 July 1975, p. 5: page of mixed US labour news; the Indonesia item (Prague) reports the WFTU condemning the imprisonment of thousands of political prisoners in Indonesian military compounds and demanding that the ban on SOBSI be lifted, calling both violations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Daily World, 26 July 1975: Women leaders jailed by Indonesian junta
Daily World (New York), 26 July 1975, p. 9: Foreign Department report that a Jakarta court on 16 June 1975 sentenced four women after a five-month trial: Sulami (general secretary of the Indonesian Women's Movement, 20 years), Sudjinah (magazine editor, 18), Sri Ambar (SOBSI women's section, 15) and Suharti Alimarkaban
Daily World, 4 November 1975: PKI leader dies in Nusakambangan camp; 100,000 political prisoners
Daily World, 4 Nov 1975, p. 10: among short news items, a report that Zain Nasution, 50, PKI central committee member and former secretary of its foreign affairs commission, died on 3 October 1975 in Nusakambangan camp after ten years' imprisonment. The PKI estimates at least 100,000 political prisoners face 'slow deat
South China Morning Post, 26 Nov 1975, p.22, Kenneth Whiting (AP), 'Indonesia: a fresh start': ten-year retrospective on the 1965 coup and 'bloodbath' (about 300,000 killed, 100,000 jailed, 20,000 political detainees still held), with oil-led economic recovery. A short passage says women were killed if believed to be p
Recruitment and Factional Patterns of the Indonesian Political Elite (Gregory, 1976)
Ann Gregory's Columbia PhD thesis (1976) on the recruitment, career patterns and factions of the Indonesian political elite under Guided Democracy and the New Order, based on elite biographies, with chapters on military and civilian factions. It is a quantitative study of Javanese dominance and clientelism. Gerwani is
A Traditional Leader in a Time of Change: the Kijaji and Ulama in West Java (Horikoshi, 1976)
Hiroko Horikoshi's 1976 University of Illinois anthropology PhD thesis on kijaji and ulama as traditional leaders in a West Java (Priangan, Cipari) Islamic village, covering kinship, rural economy, the life cycle, the ulama as educators and legal experts, and kijaji charisma. It has almost nothing on Gerwani: a single
Gestapu-PKI Defendant Sentenced to Death (FBIS, 14 Jul 1976)
FBIS item (Jakarta radio, 14 Jul 1976): the Banten court martial sentenced former air force sergeant Marsudi to death for complicity in the 1965 Gestapu-PKI affair. The tribunal held him and Maun of Cakrabirawa responsible for the generals' deaths at Lubang Buaya, together with the Sukwan, described as a women voluntee
Sawito foretells the coming of the 'Sawitan age' (Tempo, 16 Oct 1976)
Tempo profile of Sawito Kartowibowo, the mystic behind the 1976 'Sawito affair' manifesto, discussing his prophecies of a new 'Sawitan' age. It notes that his essays appeared in Mawas Diri, the monthly led by Dra. S.K. Trimurti. Trimurti appears only incidentally; Gerwani is not mentioned.
'Sentenced': life imprisonment for Siti Sundari Abdul Rahman (East German press, 20 Oct 1976)
Foreign-news page of the SED daily Neues Deutschland. A brief ('Kommunistin verurteilt') reports that an Indonesian military court sentenced Siti Sundari Abdul Rahman, a Communist Party leader and former member of parliament, to life imprisonment. The sweep names her as Sundari Abdulrachman; her Gerwani link is not sta
'Sentenced': life imprisonment for Siti Sundari Abdul Rahman (East German press, 20 Oct 1976)
Foreign-news page of the SED daily Neues Deutschland. A brief ('Kommunistin verurteilt') reports that an Indonesian military court sentenced Siti Sundari Abdul Rahman, a Communist Party leader and former member of parliament, to life imprisonment. The sweep names her as Sundari Abdulrachman; her Gerwani link is not sta
Tempo, 11 December 1976: Political prisoners released
Tempo brief (11 Dec 1976) on release of another 2,500 G30S/PKI prisoners; all 540,000 Group C released, leaving 1,821 Group A, 27,132 Group B, 2,041 Group X. Sudomo says about 500,000 were killed 'but by the people'. Mentions 10 middle-aged women among 319 Group B freed in Jakarta; no Gerwani named.
The Times of India, 6 Sep 1977, p.11 (Reuter, London, 4 Sep): Amnesty International lists 62 imprisoned or missing parliamentarians in 17 countries; Indonesia tops the list with 23, most held without trial since 1965 for links with the PKI, SOBSI, BTI or the women's organisation Gerwani. Named are Subandrio, Oei Tjoe T
Daily World, 21 December 1977: Indonesia prisoner release, PKI statement
Daily World, 21 Dec 1977, p. 8: short item that the PKI analysed the Indonesian government's release of 10,000 Communist political prisoners, saying perhaps 60,000-70,000 remain jailed, many since 1965, at least 15,000 died in Palembang and Surabaya camps, and new arrests roughly offset releases. Surrounded by unrelate
FBIS Daily Report, 8 Jul 1978: Wife of 1965 coup attempt leader to be tried (Mrs Tanty Aidit)
FBIS Daily Report item (8 Jul 1978) quoting Kuala Lumpur radio: Mrs Tanty (Sutanti) Aidit, a medical doctor and widow of PKI chairman D.N. Aidit, will soon be tried for complicity in the 1965 coup attempt, a Jakarta prosecution spokesman said. She has been in military detention since 1965. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Jakarta releases 8,000 political prisoners (The Times, 27 July 1978)
The Times, 27 July 1978, p.6, whole page of overseas news; the relevant item reports (Bandung, 26 July) that more than 8,000 political prisoners, communists jailed since the 1965 coup attempt, were released across Indonesia, about 4,000 in Bandung. They were 'B'-class prisoners who could have been tried; Colonel Sardjo
Soviet Woman, 30 Sep 1978: 'Meetings, Contacts, Cooperation', Kartini Day in Moscow
Soviet Woman, 30 Sep 1978, pp. 33-36, 'Meetings, Contacts, Cooperation': readers' reminiscences, twin-town Almalyk-Kitwe, Ireland's National Day and an eye-equipment exhibition. Relevant item: Kartini Day gathering in Moscow, where E. W. Djajadiningrat, ambassador's wife, and Ludmila Pakhomova of the USSR-Indonesia Soc
Military Releases 22 Political Prisoners (FBIS, 8 Dec 1978)
FBIS item (ANTARA, 8 Dec 1978): the Jakarta military released 22 'B' category Gestapu/PKI detainees, bringing Jakarta releases to about 380. Siswani, 50, was the only woman, with five children, the youngest aged 5 at detention. Another 1,300 Buru detainees from Jakarta were due for release on 29 December. Gerwani is no
Prisoners of Conscience (The Observer, 12 August 1979)
The Observer, 12 Aug 1979, p.8, 'Prisoners of Conscience': Amnesty International notes up to 20,000 untried political prisoners remain in Indonesia and takes up four women active in Gerwani, arrested 1966 and tried nine years later: Sulami (20 years), Sudjinah (18), Sri Ambar Rukmiati and Suharti Harsono (15 each). It
Daily World, 11 October 1979: 2,000 Indonesian political prisoners released
Daily World, 11 Oct 1979, p. 7: world-news column; the Indonesia item reports that 2,000 political prisoners were released from 'special camps' in Jakarta-reported news, most held since 1965-66, with another 2,000 from Buru to follow. Indonesian democratic sources call it positive but note ex-prisoners lose civil right
'Children are tortured' (The Observer, 14 October 1979)
The Observer, 14 Oct 1979, p.2, Ian Mather, 'Children are tortured': on an Amnesty International report on torture of children in many countries. For Indonesia it reports that the daughter of Sri Ambar, a woman trade unionist, was tortured in her mother's presence and disappeared, that many children arrested in 1965 re
Soviet Woman, 30 Nov 1979: 'Meetings, Contacts, Cooperation', Kartini centenary in Moscow
Soviet Woman, 30 Nov 1979, pp. 35-38, 'Meetings, Contacts, Cooperation': Soviet youth on their lives, a Soviet-American youth seminar in Tallinn, Canadian children's theatre, a teacher in Ethiopia, and a Moscow gathering for Kartini's birth centenary. Speakers include A. Belenky, Ludmila Pakhomova and Mrs Panggabean of
FCO 15/2701: Political Detainees in Indonesia (1980)
British FCO file FCO 15/2701 (1980), 'Political detainees in Indonesia': Amnesty International's April 1980 letter and memorandum to the UK government before the IGGI meeting, on release of B-category prisoners, restrictions on ex-detainees, missing persons and unfair A-category trials, plus TAPOL Bulletin extracts (No
Released from detention (Sutanti Aidit), Tempo, 5 Jan 1980
Short Tempo item, 5 January 1980, on the release of Dr Soetanti Aidit, 57, widow of PKI chairman D.N. Aidit, from detention on 20 December 1979. Held from 1966 in Bukit Duri women's prison and never moved, she was separated from her five children for 13 years, declines to talk about the past and hopes to practise medic
Tempo, 25 October 1980: Criticism of Tapol (Carmel Budiardjo vs Derek Davies)
Tempo piece (25 Oct 1980) on the polemic between British activist Carmel Budiardjo, editor of the Tapol bulletin in London, and Far Eastern Economic Review editor Derek Davies, who criticised her past communist links and new sponsors. Concerns advocacy for ex-G30S prisoners; no Gerwani content.
Tempo, 6 October 1984: Stories of October 1965
Long Tempo feature (6 Oct 1984), New Order-era 'scattered stories' of 30 Sept-1 Oct 1965 told by witnesses: Catherine Panjaitan, Dewi Sukarno, Bambang Wijanarko, Mangil, Roeslan Abdulgani, Sugandhi, Salim Said, Syu'bah Asa. Frames events as a PKI coup and describes army/RRI takeover. Gerwani is not mentioned.
People's Daily World, 4 November 1986: Indonesia executes communists
People's Daily World, 4 Nov 1986, p. 7-A: short item on worldwide protests against the execution of nine Communist political prisoners in Indonesia under Suharto, several jailed for years; a PKI representative links the executions to the 45% rupiah devaluation. Readers urged to write to Suharto. Surrounded by Haiti and
Former Golkar Official Linked to PKI (FBIS, 22 Oct 1988)
FBIS item (AFP via Hong Kong, 22 Oct 1988): security forces accused Akhmad Syabrun Caropeboka, 56, former South Sumatra Golkar treasurer, of past links to the banned PKI, hiding past membership of a PKI-related organisation. Other Golkar officials were similarly accused that year. Gerwani is not named; the listed perso