Het Vrije Volk front-page column 'Van daar' (8 Nov 1949): opens with the claim that Salawati Daud, female member of Makassar's city council, proved to be leader of the band that kidnapped and murdered a Faroko factory representative in South Celebes; six members including 'the female band leader' are arrested. The rest
Nieuwe Courant, 3 December 1949: commentary profiling 'Lot Salawati' (Salawati Daud) as 'very left and very revolutionary', leader of the Masamba gang. It speculates that she was humiliated at the Indonesian Women's Congress in Yogyakarta and then at home in Makassar, and sought rehabilitation through violence; it also
Harian Rakjat, 27 May 1952. Front-page report on the PKI's 32nd anniversary reception, whose opening session was led by Nyonya Mudigdio (photo caption: she chairs the meeting); speakers included Alimin, attacking the MSA aid pact, with greetings from foreign communist parties. Other pages cover the Surabaya PKI recepti
Het Vaderland miscellany column 'Indonesische tjampoeran' (4 Aug 1952, p.6) of short items on sugar workers' strike threats, Medan's mayor, harsh anti-Kahar Muzakar rules in Makassar and prison conditions of SOBSI detainees. One item says Mrs Salawati of Makassar received a moped from the provincial Keamanan staff as a
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1952-08-28, p. 2): at a Surabaya press conference the committee for victims of the August 1951 raids, with SOBSI, plans a 7 September mass demonstration outside the governor's and Brawijaya commander's residences demanding release of all arrestees. Committee secretary Miss Sulami blames the RT
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1956-03-02, p. 2): list of PKI candidates by electoral district across East Java, Central Java, West Java, Greater Jakarta and Sumatra. It includes women: Umi Sardjono (Mrs. Sukisman), Suharti Suwarto (Solo), Mudigdio (Siti Aminah Mochsjam, Jakarta), Sundari Abdulrachman (Semarang), Salawati D
1963 WIDF bulletin article 'The Need for Social Services in Indonesia': the Indonesian Women's Movement (Gerwani) and others push kindergartens. It reports a first National Seminar on kindergartens in 1959, teacher courses in 1961-62, the aim of one kindergarten per street, over 700 kindergartens (first started in 1951
Renmin Ribao, 13 Jul 1963, p. 1 (Xinhua): Wang Guangmei, wife of Liu Shaoqi, meets the Indonesian women's delegation, listed in full: head Mrs Pardjani Pradono (Gerwani CC), Mrs Satrijo and Mrs Muninggar (East Java Gerwani), Mrs Leimena, Mrs Li Quanxin (Baperki) and Miss Herinuti.
Renmin Ribao, 13 Jul 1963, p. 1 (Xinhua): Wang Guangmei, wife of Liu Shaoqi, meets the Indonesian women's delegation, listed in full: head Mrs Pardjani Pradono (Gerwani CC), Mrs Satrijo and Mrs Muninggar (East Java Gerwani), Mrs Leimena, Mrs Li Quanxin (Baperki) and Miss Herinuti.
Xinhua note in Renmin Ribao (10 Oct 1963, p. 3): the Fujian puppet troupe, after two Jakarta shows, flew to Yogyakarta, accompanied by a Gerwani Central Committee member (name uncertain). Planned tour: Solo, Malang, Surabaya, Semarang, Cirebon and Bandung. Shows Gerwani organising Chinese cultural tour across Java.
Jawa Pos, 29 Nov 1977: Tulungagung subversion trial of Ir. Moedjani and Ny. Kartini alias Widji, 'chair of Gerwani East Java' and former Surabaya teacher, captured in the 1968 South Blitar (Trisula) operation.
De Waarheid item (21 Aug 1985, p.3) profiling death-row PKI prisoners Djoko Untung and Gatot Sutarjo, sentenced at Blitar on 2 Jan 1976, with Suharto rejecting clemency. Untung's wife Natsia, a known East Java Gerwani member, was arrested in 1968 and still imprisoned; Sutarjo's wife Poedji Aswati was jailed for 15 year
Berita Yudha, 25 Oct 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on BTI/PR 'mass actions' and the anti-American campaign; Gerwani named twice, including among a PR/CGMI/Gerwani crowd at the East Java governor's office.
December 2002 LPKP-65 memorial booklet for Sulami (1926-2002), former Gerwani leader and YPKP 1965/66 chair, with her biography (arrested 1967, 20-year sentence, released 1984) and documents on exhumations, letters to Komnas HAM and forensic work.
Anett Keller's 2012 reportage (südostasien, German) on Lestari, an 80-year-old Gerwani co-founder in a Jakarta house of ex-prisoners: Gerwani's literacy and kindergarten work, her husband a PKI East Java leader, flight, arrest in Malang, 1979 release and life as an 'ET' domestic worker. Life-history portrait.
detikNews feature (2013) on Gerwis's founding on 4 June 1950 by six organisations (Rupindo, Persatuan Wanita Sedar, Istri Sedar, Gerwindo, Wanita Madura, PPRI) and founders Trimurti, Salawati Daud, Umi Sardjono, Tris Metty and Sri Panggihan, with I.G.A.A. Ratih. Concise account of origins.
Bhinneka, October 2015 (Surabaya; ed. Soe Tjen Marching), a 1965 anniversary issue. Women ex-prisoners testify: Hartiti, a Gerwani member, was asked whether she joined the 'naked dance' and castrated the generals; Maria Goretti Sumilah was beaten and burned to confess she was Gerwani; Theresia Kadmiyanti ran a TK Melat
Bhinneka, October 2015 (Surabaya; ed. Soe Tjen Marching), a 1965 anniversary issue. Women ex-prisoners testify: Hartiti, a Gerwani member, was asked whether she joined the 'naked dance' and castrated the generals; Maria Goretti Sumilah was beaten and burned to confess she was Gerwani; Theresia Kadmiyanti ran a TK Melat
Edited volume (Palgrave 2018; McGregor, Melvin, Pohlman) arguing the 1965 violence was genocidal, covering causes (Aceh army documents, Bali, Pohlman on women's testimonies of sexual violence in West Sumatra) and legacies. Key scholarship on 1965 violence.
Ruth Indiah Rahayu's 2020 essay introducing Sulami's unpublished two-volume prison novel Menanti Rembulan Ndadari, written in the 1970s, with Sulami's biography (arrested 6 Oct 1967) and the conditions of writing in Bukit Duri and Tangerang, set against New Order narratives.
Rania Dhiyaulhaq Aisyah, 'Transformasi Gerwani' (Jurnal Sejarah Indonesia 8:2, 2025), a literature-based article on Gerwani's pre-1965 gender activism (education, health, anti-polygamy, 1955 elections, PKI ties, congresses) and its post-1965 stigmatisation. It repeats Wieringa's finding that the Lubang Buaya sexual-vio