The moving indictment of Mohammad Munir
De Waarheid (30 Sep 1985, p.5) excerpts the 1973 defence plea of PKI/union leader Mohammad Munir, executed in May 1985, before a military tribunal. He describes the post-October 1965 hate campaign aimed at PKI, Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani, the mass killings and camps; an editorial note says the generals' deaths were used for an anti-communist hunt and mutilation claims were never confirmed.
De Waarheid (30 Sep 1985, hlm. 5) mengutip pledoi 1973 tokoh serikat buruh/PKI Mohammad Munir, dieksekusi Mei 1985, di depan mahkamah militer. Ia menggambarkan kampanye kebencian pasca-Oktober 1965 terhadap PKI, Pemuda Rakyat dan Gerwani, pembunuhan massal dan kamp; catatan redaksi menyebut kematian para jenderal dijadikan dalih perburuan dan klaim mutilasi tak pernah terbukti.
“Campaigns were started to vilify communists, sowing hatred of the PKI and revolutionary mass organisations, 'vooral de Pemuda Rakyat en de Gerwani' (p. 5); footnote notes mutilations never established at autopsy.”
Continuation of De Waarheid's excerpt of Mohammad Munir's 1973 defence plea (30 Sep 1985, p.5). He denies the PKI attempted a coup, criticises Suharto's economic policy, and demands release of all 30 September prisoners including those in Buru, Nusakambangan and the women's camp Plantungan. A footnote glosses Gerwani a
shared: Suharto, Untung, Mohammad Munir, Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base
CIA Foreign Documents Division weekly digest (Summary No. 6897, 4 Nov 1965) of press on insurgency in South and East Asia. Its Indonesia section reproduces Army-controlled press (Angkatan Bersendjata, Duta Masjarakat) on the 30 September Movement, including claims that Gerwani volunteers trained at Lubang Buaja and moc
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto, Untung
Jan Bezemer's long Trouw weekend feature (30 Sep 1995) on the unresolved 1965 trauma. Covers the 30 September events, Suharto's role, US encouragement, massacres (Gatot's trial testimony) and the smear campaign against Gerwani. Draws on Saskia Wieringa's doctoral research: Gerwani was blamed for mutilating the generals
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto, Untung
Compilation from the LBJ National Security File (ProQuest), Oct-Nov 1965: State Department memos, CIA intelligence memoranda and Indonesia Working Group situation reports on the 30 September Movement and army counter-moves. Gerwani appears only in passing: arrests of Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat members (6 Oct), CIA claim
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto, Untung
Critical review by Justus M. van der Kroef (Asian Affairs, Nov 1976) of the CIA's declassified 1968 report 'Indonesia-1965: The Coup That Backfired'. Takes issue with the CIA's claim that Lubang Buaya victims were not mutilated and that Gerwani/Pemuda Rakyat confessions were Army-contrived, quoting Gerwani member Djami
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto, Untung
De Tijd commentary by C.H. Schaap (29 Sep 1967) on the executions of Untung and others for the 1965 coup. It says the generals were killed at Halim by "volunteers" trained by Maj. Sujono, "among them members of the communist women's organisation Gerwani", and notes the trials were broadcast and published.
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Untung, Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base, death penalty
PhD dissertation in History (UCLA, 2014) by Dahlia Gratia Setiyawan on U.S. anti-communist operations and the 1965-66 purge in Surabaya. Gerwani appears in context: as the PKI's women's affiliate (ch. 1), through the Surabaya women's coalition GOWS in the 27 September 1965 Grahadi demonstration (ch. 4), and in the Army
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Central Intelligence Agency, Suharto, Untung
The Scotsman, 8 Dec 1965, Dennis Bloodworth, 'Army plans to kill PKI for ever': Suharto and Nasution press to destroy the PKI while Sukarno refuses to ban it; the article analyses the PKI's miscalculations. It repeats the slander that six generals were mutilated by 'doe-eyed girls' of the PKI's 'Gerwani' women's moveme
shared: Army press sexual slander campaign against Gerwani, Suharto, Untung, Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base