De Waarheid, 21 Sep 1955, p. 5: air-mail report on the PKI's 1955 election campaign: Aidit speaking to 700,000 in Yogyakarta, 550,000 in Semarang, Njoto and Lukman elsewhere. In Jakarta, Umi Sardjono, chair of Gerwani, explained why she stands as a non-party candidate on the PKI list, saying its programme matches the d
US State Department Central Files despatch from Embassy Djakarta (July 1960, chargé Rolland Buchner): biographic data, with alphabetical index, on about 110 former members of parliament appointed to the Gotong Royong parliament, grouped by party. Biographies of women MPs include Gerwani figures. Mrs Mudigdio (Gerwis/Ge
Government reference almanac issued by the Department of Information (Departemen Penerangan), June 1961, on the institutions of Guided Democracy: MPRS, DPR-GR, DPAS, Depernas, Bapekan, Front Nasional and recognised parties, with decrees, membership lists and party statutes. Gerwani appears only once, as the women's del
JPRS translation (1961) of Umi Sardjono's speech to the MPRS plenary, Harian Rakjat 19 Dec 1960, 'Change the Face of Our Homeland Step by Step', backing the eight-year development plan: self-sufficiency in food and clothing, heavy industry, distribution controls, cooperatives, and price policy; she addresses women's su
Speech by Suharti (Suwarto) at the PKI Seventh (Extraordinary) Congress, 1962, with a supplementary report on the woman question and party work among women: price rises, rice shortages, price-reduction actions and women's mobilisation.
Article by Justus M. van der Kroef (Pacific Affairs, summer 1962) on the PKI's dilemmas under Guided Democracy: dependence on Sukarno, the July 1960 'Evaluation' clash with the army, and the party's use of mass fronts. Gerwani is named as the PKI's women's front: its organ was aggressive without censure in 1961, and in
De Waarheid, 8 May 1962, p. 2: report that Sukarno withdrew four bills on representative bodies (under which only one-third of the People's Congress, parliament and regional councils would be elected, the rest appointed) after protests first from the PKI, SOBSI, women's movement Gerwani and Pemuda Rakjat, later PNI and
English anthology of progressive Indonesian poetry, 1955-61 (introduction dated Djakarta, 8 May 1962), from Zaman Baru, Harian Rakjat and Bintang Timur. Its contributor notes state that the poet Sugiarti Siswadi, who visited Romania (1955) and the GDR, USSR and China (1961) with Rukiah Kertapati as LEKRA delegation hea
English anthology of progressive Indonesian poetry, 1955-61 (introduction dated Djakarta, 8 May 1962), from Zaman Baru, Harian Rakjat and Bintang Timur. Its contributor notes state that the poet Sugiarti Siswadi, who visited Romania (1955) and the GDR, USSR and China (1961) with Rukiah Kertapati as LEKRA delegation hea
Peking Review Vol. VI No. 29, 19 July 1963, a Chinese weekly. The item of interest is 'Peking Acclaims Women Delegates From Asia, Africa and Latin America' (p. 17): at a Peking meeting after the Moscow World Congress of Women, Mme Parjani Pradono, Central Committee member of the Indonesian women's movement (Gerwani) an
CIA Special Report, 23 October 1964, on the Sukarno-PKI relationship; lists Gerwani among PKI fronts with almost two million claimed members. Pre-coup US context.
LBJ Library National Security File, Indonesia (Sept 1964-Feb 1965): White House/State memoranda, Djakarta cables and CIA OCI reports on Sukarno's leftward drift, 'Sukarnoism' anti-PKI movement, succession, Malaysia and the USIS library crisis. Includes the CIA 'Sukarno and the Communists' report, listing Women's Front
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao extract (22 Sept 1964, p. 4): PKI deputy chairman Njoto urges Indonesians to take the 'revolutionary road' to smash 'Malaysia', in a speech at a training course organised by Gerwani. Truncated. Full text is GA-01940.
Xinhua report in Renmin Ribao (22 Sept 1964, p. 4), citing Harian Rakjat: PKI second deputy chairman Njoto, at a Gerwani training course, names three roads for carrying out Sukarno's order to smash 'Malaysia' (moderate, adventurist, revolutionary) and backs the revolutionary one, praising Sukarno's 17 August speech. Ad
CIA Office of Current Intelligence Special Report SC 00642/64A, 'Sukarno and the Communists' (23 Oct 1964, Secret; declassified 1975). Analyses Sukarno's mutual exploitation with the PKI and Aidit's strategy; lists PKI front membership claims, including Gerwani at almost two million, beside BTI, SOBSI, Pemuda Rakjat an
CIA Office of Current Intelligence report 'Sukarno and the Communists' (23 Oct 1964, ten pages), pre-coup assessment of the PKI-Sukarno relationship. Describes PKI growth to a claimed three million members and its fronts, including the Women's Front (GERWANI), 'almost two million'; also the cabinet, National Front, lan
Pravda no. 280, 7 October 1965 (full issue). Page 3 TASS item 'On the events in Indonesia' (Jakarta, 6 Oct): Nahdlatul Ulama and other groups, via Angkatan Bersendjata, demand Sukarno ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani, SOBSI; mass arrests of Communists; Sukarno urges calm ('saving the revolution is more important tha
Pravda no. 280, 7 October 1965 (excerpt of the page). Page 3 TASS item 'On the events in Indonesia' (Jakarta, 6 Oct): Nahdlatul Ulama and other groups, via Angkatan Bersendjata, demand Sukarno ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani, SOBSI; mass arrests of Communists; Sukarno urges calm ('saving the revolution is more impo
CIA 'Indonesian Situation' report no. 61, 14 November 1965: continuing anti-communist action and mass killings, Aidit's presumed whereabouts, and 1,000 women demonstrating in Jakarta for permanent dissolution of the PKI women's auxiliary. Records an early anti-Gerwani mobilisation.
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180320 (Oct-Nov 1965): Gilchrist's despatch no. 13 of 8 Oct 1965 on the coup and counter-coup, plus telegrams, NATO and Commonwealth reports and Chinese/Soviet/Hanoi reactions. The despatch lists GERWANI among 'chief suspects' (p. 11) and says members of PKI youth and women's groups took p
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180322 (28 Oct-5 Nov 1965): Djakarta telegrams quoting Antara on the post-coup purge, Sukarno versus the generals, Medan and Central Java. Gerwani items: tel. 2418 (2 Nov, p. 52) reports a Kowani/women's congress move to expel Gerwani members; tel. 2421 (p. 57) quotes Suharto naming 'Pemud
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180323 (c. 4-16 Nov 1965): Djakarta telegrams, Antara extracts and Foreign Office correspondence on the PKI's destruction, Subandrio, Nasution and Sukarno. Gerwani items: tel. 2480 (p. 39) reports a 8 Nov Jakarta rally of women's organisations demanding dissolution of the PKI and Gerwani;
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180326 (Feb-Aug 1965): embassy telegrams, letters and Antara extracts on the PKI's growth before the coup: its 45th anniversary, Aidit's speeches, Mao's greeting, Sino-Soviet positions and Sukarno's leftward drift. Gerwani items: Antara of 9 June reports Sukarno addressing Gerwani, chaired
Neues Deutschland, 7 October 1965, p. 7: ADN/ND report 'Sukarno leitete Sitzung', quoting TASS on the Indonesian cabinet meeting at Bogor after the 30 September events. Sukarno urged calm; the newspaper 'Angkatan Bersendjata' published the demand of Nahdlatul Ulama and others that he ban the PKI, Pemuda Rakyat, the wom
ANP radio bulletin, 10 Oct 1965: arrests continue in Jakarta; among arrested communists are members of Gerwani, 'said to be responsible' for the killing/mutilation of the six generals (garbled in source). Also reports Njoto's reported arrest, soldiers at Hotel Indonesia and 1,500-2,000 arrests in Java in a week. An ear
De Nieuwe Limburger, 11 Oct 1965 (ANP/UPI/AFP): despite Sukarno's call for moderation, the army starts a nationwide drive against the PKI. On Saturday a Muslim crowd plundered the houses of Aidit and Njoto and the Gerwani building; about 2,000 arrests near Jakarta; 44 parties demand a PKI ban. Early report of attacks o
De Volkskrant commentary (11 Oct 1965) warning that the hunt for communists could drive Aidit's followers to armed self-defence. It describes Muslim demonstrators wrecking Aidit's and Njoto's houses and then "the headquarters of the communist women's organisation Gerwani", and army occupation of PKI headquarters in Ace
Friese Koerier ANP/Reuters wire report (11 Oct 1965, p.1) on the situation in Java after the 30 September coup attempt: 90% of rebels reportedly arrested, Muslims looting the homes of Aidit and Njoto and the Gerwani headquarters. It adds that among arrested communists are Gerwani members 'said to be responsible for the
The Times of India, 11 Oct 1965, p.11 (Times of India News Service, Reuter, AFP): country-wide hunt for Communists and weapons seized; 1,500 reported detained; mobs raid Njoto's and Aidit's houses; Radio Jakarta urges people to report members of the PKI, its youth and women's wings. A Muslim crowd ransacked a suburban
Courrier de Genève, 11 Oct 1965, AFP report 'In Djakarta, Muslims ransack the home of the leader of the Indonesian communists': per the daily Mimbar Revolusi, crowds sacked the homes of Aidit and Njoto and the headquarters of 'Gerwani'. Also: 86 rebels captured near Brebes, mass demonstrations in Malang, and an analysi