Courrier de Genève, 11 October 1965: In Jakarta, Muslims ransack the home of the Indonesian communist leader
Courrier de Genève, 11 Oct 1965, AFP report 'In Djakarta, Muslims ransack the home of the leader of the Indonesian communists': per the daily Mimbar Revolusi, crowds sacked the homes of Aidit and Njoto and the headquarters of 'Gerwani'. Also: 86 rebels captured near Brebes, mass demonstrations in Malang, and an analysi
Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 12 October 1965: Normalisation in Indonesia
Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 12 Oct 1965, 'Normalisation in Indonesia' (Reuter/UPI wire digest). Items: armed Communists fleeing into Central Java mountains, Antara placed under military management, evacuation of American embassy families, and a Swiss ambassador's credentials. Relevant here: Malaysian radio, citing Radio Jaka
Thurgauer Zeitung, 12 October 1965: The anti-communist wave in Indonesia
Thurgauer Zeitung wire digest, 12 Oct 1965, on the anti-communist wave in Indonesia: Communists fleeing in Central Java, an angry crowd burning Gerwani premises in Aceh (per Radio Djakarta), Untung's capture, Antara placed under Army control, and Sukarno's remarks on 'imperialists'. Gerwani appears only in one sentence
Red Party outlawed: Indonesia bans Communist party, Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani (Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 18 October 196
Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 18 Oct 1965, p.1 (AP): Radio Jakarta announced a military ban on the Indonesian Communist Party and affiliates, issued in the name of Maj-Gen Umar Wirahadikusumah for the Jakarta area; SOBSI was banned, and Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, 'the party's women's wing', were also placed under the ban.
Jakarta military bans Red groups (Leader-Post, Regina, 18 October 1965)
Leader-Post (Regina), 18 Oct 1965, p.10 (AP, Singapore/Jakarta): Radio Jakarta announced a military ban on the PKI and affiliates in the name of Maj-Gen Umar Wirahadikusumah; SOBSI banned, and Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, 'the party's women's wing', also placed under the ban. Further reports: attacks on PKI offices in Ba
Ban on Communists reported (Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, 18 October 1965)
Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, 18 Oct 1965, p.1 (AP, Jakarta/Singapore): Radio Jakarta announced a military ban on the PKI and affiliates in the name of Maj-Gen Umar Wirahadikusumah; SOBSI banned, and Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, 'the party's women's wing', also placed under the ban. Also reports attacks on PKI offices in Banda
Military ban confronts Indonesian Red Party (Calgary Herald, 19 October 1965)
Calgary Herald, 19 Oct 1965, p.6: AP/Washington Post wire item from Singapore/Jakarta reporting that Indonesia's army banned the Communist party in Jakarta in the name of Gen. Umar Wirahadikusumah, also banning Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, 'the party's women's branch', and outlawing SOBSI. Mentions arrests of Radio Jakar
Communists banned in Jakarta area (The Daily Telegraph, 19 October 1965)
The Daily Telegraph (London), 19 Oct 1965, p.25, Rawle Knox from Singapore: Radio Jakarta announced a ban on the Indonesian Communist party in the Jakarta area (order attributed to 'Maj.-Gen. Kasomo' i.e. Umar Wirahadikusumah), its leaders told to report to police by Sunday; affiliates banned include Pemuda Rakjat, 'th
Sukarno resists pressure to dissolve Communists (The Gazette, Montreal, 19 October 1965)
The Gazette (Montreal), 19 Oct 1965, p.2 (AP, Singapore): 'Sukarno resists pressure to dissolve Communists.' The army banned the PKI in Jakarta in the name of Maj-Gen Umar Wirahadikusumah, SOBSI outlawed, and Pemuda Rakjat and Gerwani, 'the party's women's branch', also placed under the ban; leaders to report within fi
Abrupt change in Indonesia's political situation: Suharto takes control, mass arrests, PKI offices burned
Xinhua survey in Renmin Ribao (20 Oct 1965, p. 1) of Indonesia's first three weeks after 30 September, from Chinese-side sources: Suharto takes control, mass arrests (3,000 by 17 October), PKI headquarters burned, Harian Rakjat closed, universities shut, anti-Chinese incidents. Gerwani appears in the NU demand to disso
FBIS-monitored ANTARA report (26 Oct 1965): the Jakarta PWI chapter suspended 77 more journalists of banned papers (Warta Bhakti, Bintang Timur and others) after suspending 40 from Harian Rakjat, Kebudajaan Baru and Antara; regional PWI chapters did likewise. Yogyakarta authorities banned the PKI-affiliated Ariwarti Wa
Anti-communist
Nieuwsblad van het Noorden, 3 November 1965: reports a 100,000-strong demonstration at the Chinese consulate in Medan demanding Subandrio's resignation, and, per Antara, that the PKI's women's organisation Gerwani has been expelled from the Indonesian women's congress (Kowani), chaired by Mrs Hurustiati Subandrio, the
Straits Times, 3 Nov 1965: Subandrio's wife expels women Reds
Straits Times, 3 Nov 1965 (lead only). The Indonesian Women's Congress (Kowani), headed by Foreign Minister Subandrio's wife Hurustiati Subandrio, expelled the PKI women's auxiliary (Gerwani), per Antara; a consultative board statement addressed to President Sukarno. Shows Gerwani's isolation after the coup.
Neue Berner Zeitung, 3 November 1965: Anti-communist demonstration in Sumatra; Kowani expels Gerwani
Neue Berner Zeitung, 3 Nov 1965 (UPI/AFP): anti-communist demonstration in Sumatra; Sukarno tells ministers to act 'bravely'; 100,000 demonstrators at the Chinese embassy in Medan; gold and silver mines nationalised; 57 PKI parliamentarians removed. Key for Gerwani research: the Indonesian women's congress (Kowani, OCR
Indonesian Army says wholesale slaughter of civilians in east Java (Straits Budget, 1965)
The Straits Budget (Singapore), 3 November 1965, p. 15, UPI/Antara: the army declares a state of war in Central Java and gives figures for civilians it says communists massacred (e.g. 62 bodies in three mass graves at Banyuwangi, 104 killed), while observers note the incidents all occurred after the coup. Nothing on Ge
Izvestiia, 4 Nov 1965: In Indonesia (Kowani expels Gerwani)
Izvestiia, 4 Nov 1965, p. 2, international commentary: Antara reports the Congress of Indonesian Women (Kowani) expelled the CPI's women's organisation Gerwani; also Supreme Court dismissals, 57 PKI deputies suspended (Lukman, Njoto), about 3,000 arrested near Yogyakarta, and books of 'implicated' authors removed from
The Economist, 6 Nov 1965, p.594, 'Rings on a tree trunk', from a special correspondent in Jakarta: the army-inspired anti-communist campaign has gained its own momentum, with raids on PKI offices, arrests, 26 Antara correspondents detained, Aidit in hiding, Sukarno declaring Central Java in a 'state of war'. Wall graf
South China Sunday Post-Herald, 7 Nov 1965, p.30 (Reuter, Djakarta, 6 Nov): the Armed Forces bulletin says nine 'suicide squad' members of Gerwani, the Communist Women's Organisation, were killed by troops after standing in the path of army tanks in Solo, jeering and turning their backs when asked to leave. The item al
Words and deeds of the Indonesian army: Nasution and Suharto statements reprinted
Renmin Ribao (7 Nov 1965, p. 5) reprints Indonesian army statements from radio and Antara: Nasution's 25 October speech on 'slander' and purges, Suharto's 30 October Bandung speech calling the PKI the 'protagonist' and Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani members 'supporting roles' of the movement, an army information chief's int
Aidit surrounded by army in Central Java: Gerwani 'suicide squad' in Solo (Berita Harian, 1965)
Berita Harian, 7 November 1965, p. 1: reports Aidit surrounded in Central Java (Col. Jasir) and, from army broadcasts, that nine 'suicide' members of Gerwani blocked tanks in Solo, jeered at paratroopers and were killed when they would not move. The text does not say how; the account is army-sourced and unverified. Als
Freiburger Nachrichten, 8 November 1965: Indonesia - the hunt for communists continues
Freiburger Nachrichten, 8 Nov 1965, 'Indonesia: hunt for Communists continues' (Reuter/AFP). Citing the Army newspaper, paratroopers killed nine women described as 'suicide fighters of Gerwani' who tried to block army tanks near Solo, shot after warning shots; also arrests in Cilacap, suspensions in Kalimantan, a 'holy
Neue Zeit, 11 Nov 1965, p. 2: State of war lifted
Neue Zeit, 11 November 1965, p. 2: ADN/TASS item 'Kriegszustand aufgehoben'. Sukarno lifted the state of war in Jakarta imposed after the 'Movement of 30 September'; persecution of communists continues, with 346 party members arrested in Tangerang, 125 people 'including twelve women' in a Central Java town and 40 in Be
Berita Harian, 15 Nov 1965: communist woman detained in North Sumatra
Berita Harian, 15 Nov 1965 (UPI/Antara, lead only). North Sumatra authorities detained a woman, said to be a Gerwani member, accused of attempting a murder and bearing a 'secret mark' on her thigh. The 'secret mark' trope echoes slander about Gerwani women.
Communist woman detained in North Sumatra (Berita Harian, 1965)
Berita Harian, 15 November 1965, p. 3 (clipping lacks its headline), Antara via Medan: a Gerwani member is detained near an Islamic scholar's house; police say a 'secret mark' was found on her thigh and she confessed she was assigned to kill the cleric. A typical 1965 propaganda item on Gerwani as assassins and 'marked
Pravda, 17 Nov 1965: The Situation in Indonesia
Pravda, 17 November 1965 (No. 321), 'The Situation in Indonesia': TASS dispatches of 16 November on the removal of 62 MPs, a purge operation in Jepara (315 arrests), a curfew in Makassar and a planned army purge. Gerwani is named once, among left-wing organisations (with SOBSI and BTI) banned in the Moluccas by Brig. G
Pravda, 16 Nov 1965: Indonesia, Gerwani banned in the Moluccas (excerpt)
Pravda no. 321, 16 November 1965 (excerpt). TASS dispatch from Jakarta: 62 MPs (about 25 per cent) removed for alleged involvement in the 30 September Movement; the Moluccas commander Brig. Gen. Busiri temporarily bans the PKI, SOBSI, Gerwani and BTI; 315 arrested near Jepara; curfew in Makassar; planned army purge. Ot
Pravda, 17 Nov 1965, p. 1: 'Situation in Indonesia', Gerwani banned in the Moluccas
Pravda front page, 17 Nov 1965: TASS dispatch 'The situation in Indonesia'. Reports 62 MPs removed after the 30 September Movement, 315 arrests in Jepara, and that Brig. Gen. Busiri temporarily banned the PKI, SOBSI, Gerwani ('Gervani') and BTI in the Moluccas.
Girl admits role in coup (South China Morning Post, 20 November 1965)
South China Morning Post, 20 Nov 1965, p.20 (Jakarta, 19 Nov; UPI/AP via Antara): a girl captured near Bandung admitted taking part in the killing of the six generals at Lubang Buaya and among those who shot the Army commander, and admitted membership of Gerwani, the Communist women's auxiliary. The item also reports a
Izvestiia, 22 Nov 1965: Sukarno meets commanders; anti-communist campaign continues
Izvestiia, 22 Nov 1965, p. 1, TASS: Sukarno at Bogor condemns journalists spreading 'fables' about 'atrocities' of the 30 September movement, orders a civil-service purge under Subandrio; a second item gives arrests (1,600 in South Kalimantan), citing Antara that all those arrested are members of PKI, Gerwani, Pemuda R
Gudok, 23 Nov 1965: In Indonesia (TASS on arrests)
Gudok, 23 Nov 1965, p. 4, TASS dispatch from Jakarta: military and right-wing forces continue the anti-communist campaign, with arrest figures (1,600 in South Kalimantan; 1,630 in Wonogiri, 820 in Sragen, 711 in Boyolali, over 2,200 in Klaten), citing Antara that all those arrested are members of PKI, Gerwani, Pemuda R