Journal article by Justus M. van der Kroef (American Catholic Sociological Review, June 1957) on women's status and marriage in Indonesia: adat versus Islamic law, polygamy, divorce rates, colonial and revolutionary change. Surveys women's organisations (Perwari, Kowani) and notes Kowani's early left turn and WIDF cont
Article by Kukilowarsi (1959) for 17 August, recalling women's roles in the Indonesian revolution: 1926 rebels and Digul exiles, anti-Japanese resistance, women's guerrilla brigades, Red Cross and kitchens, and stories of Suparmi and a mother fighter. It cites the first women's congress of 1928, the 1955 vote, and dema
Stencilled lecture text, 'Sedjarah Modern Indonesia' (1964), by Pramoedya Ananta Toer for a literature faculty course (cover bears 'Res Publica'); OCR is very noisy. Introduction (pp. 2-5) defines 'history', 'modern' and 'Indonesia' from a Marxist-nationalist view; later chapters treat Dutch colonial exploitation, assi
Soviet Woman, 30 Apr 1967, pp. 13-16: Kartini Day features by Mme Manai Sophiaan (ambassador's wife) and Soviet orientalist A. Belenky on Kartini as feminist, anti-colonial forerunner of the national movement, plus a book review on American women and a note on Soviet-Indonesian women's correspondence. Gerwani and 1965
Chapter 'The Political Role of Southeast Asian Women' by Amara Raksasataya in The Annals of the American Academy (Jan. 1968, 'Women Around the World'). Surveys Burma, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam: equal legal rights but modest office-holding; Thailand as case study of indirect influence. For
John H. Sullivan's 1969 American University PhD in international relations traces US-Indonesian relations c. 1963-68 and the emergence of the New Order, covering the anti-American period, the 30 September Movement and its aftermath, and regional, communist-bloc and economic relations. It is diplomatic and political his
Edmonton Journal, 16 Aug 1972, p.20: a column on Women's Studies reviewing the essay collection Woman in Sexist Society. A short passage on non-Western women's status notes that Indonesian women's active economic role, and that the Indonesian women's movement's major goals were abolition of polygamy and divorce by repu
Journal article by Reuven Kahane (Contributions to Asian Studies, vol. 5, 1974) giving a structural-sociological explanation of the 1965 coup and army dominance in Indonesia: religious-class polarisation, failing Sukarno-era control mechanisms, and the army's rise. Gerwani appears only in a footnote listing PKI-affilia
Neues Deutschland, 1 February 1975, p. 15 (anniversary supplement for International Women's Year): retrospective 'Paris war das Reiseziel für Delegierte aus aller Welt' on the 1934 World Women's Congress against Fascism and War in Paris. Among the speakers, 'the delegate Siti' (surname not given) brought greetings from
Joop Morriën's critical review in De Waarheid (6 June 1979, p.5) of Mochtar Lubis's illustrated history 'Het land onder de regenboog'. He faults its errors and 'virulent anti-communism', says it adopts Suharto's version of 1965, and notes the Madiun 1948 and 1965 killings of communists and Lekra artists' imprisonment.
Soviet Woman, 30 Nov 1979, pp. 35-38, 'Meetings, Contacts, Cooperation': Soviet youth on their lives, a Soviet-American youth seminar in Tallinn, Canadian children's theatre, a teacher in Ethiopia, and a Moscow gathering for Kartini's birth centenary. Speakers include A. Belenky, Ludmila Pakhomova and Mrs Panggabean of
Het Parool feature by Petra van Alten (30 Oct 1986) on the 40th anniversary of the Nederlandse Vrouwenbeweging (NVB): founding in 1946 from Algemene Vrouwenbonden and resistance women, its protests against Dutch Indonesia policy and troop sailings, Cold War isolation, affiliation to the Women's International Democratic
De Waarheid book review (30 Apr 1988, p.5) of a De Jong volume on Dutch troop shipments to Indonesia, arguing the 1946-47 deployments lacked a constitutional basis and that resistance (Amsterdam strike of Sept 1946, Indonesia refusers, Schoonhoven boys) was more significant than De Jong suggests. Lawyers Trees Sunito-H
Pravda, 30 Oct 1990, p. 5: full page with V. Shurygin's (Pravda-TASS) article 'Indonesia: strokes to a tragedy of 35 years ago', a Soviet correspondent's retrospective on the 1965 coup, Sukarno's choice at Halim, up to 500,000 communists killed, and slander-driven anti-communist propaganda. Gerwani appears once, listed
Iwan Gardono Sudjatmiko's 1992 Harvard sociology PhD thesis compares East Java and Bali to explain the PKI's destruction after 1965, arguing that it followed from the party's 1963 revolutionary strategy and that violence depended on public figures, army units and PKI size. It covers mobilisation, land reform and local
Het Parool (6 May 1995) continuation of the feature on the Indonesian road to independence. Francisca Fanggidaej recalls first hearing the word 'Indonesia' from a cousin; historians Harry Poeze and Pieter Droogleever and veterans Gondo Pratomo and Aky Djoehana discuss early nationalism, Perhimpunan Indonesia, ethical p
Jan Blokker column in De Volkskrant (12 Aug 1995) reviewing Dutch books on the Indies and the colonial past. Mrs. S.K. Trimurti appears only as an interviewee quoted in H.C. Beynon's "Verboden voor honden en inlanders", on living with Inggit after Sukarno's 1933 arrest. Gerwani is not mentioned.
The Guardian, 23 May 1998, p.24, Martin Woollacott, 'Chaos at Crocodile Hole': comment on Suharto's fall, arguing it is no triumph and that his legacy of division (military vs Islamists, rich vs poor, ethnic and religious tensions) leaves the country fragile. It opens with the Crocodile Hole (Lubang Buaya) shrine, whos
Hirano Keiko's Japanese article (2005) on the historical formation of 'ibuism', arguing the supposedly priyayi tradition was produced under colonial rule through the conflict over the 1937 monogamous marriage bill. Context on gender ideology and marriage law; Gerwani marginal.
Japanese review (Ajia Keizai, July 2006) by Hattori Mina of Blackburn's Women and the State in Modern Indonesia, with post-1998 context, chapter summaries and evaluation; Gerwani appears only in notes. Context rather than evidence. (In Japanese.)
Seven-page summary (LIPI journal, 2010) of Djakababa's dissertation arguing 1 Oct 1965 was chaotic and the New Order turned it into a good-versus-evil narrative via trials, the monument, commemoration and the film. Short companion to the full thesis.
Michele Ford's 2010 article arguing the New Order consciously rewrote Indonesian labour history to justify a single state union (FBSI, 1973), comparing sixteen labour histories. Context on labour historiography; not Gerwani-specific.
ICTJ and KontraS report (March 2011) on transitional justice since 1998: inquiries launched then stalled, Attorney General inaction on Komnas HAM files, zero convictions in human rights courts, reparations tied to missing verdicts. Context for the impunity facing 1965 victims.
Mursidah's 2012 survey of Indonesian women's organisations as a 'feminist movement', from Kartini to the New Order and left activism today; about two pages on Gerwani. Thin general overview.
Tempo historiography essay (1 Oct 2012) on the 1965-66 mass killings, outlining three phases of writing about 1965 and proposing 'jingoism' and 'vendetta' (macho, anomie-driven local score-settling) as cultural explanations, with the label 'PKI lu' as a channel for hatred. Argues history is interpretation and need not
Pohlman's 2014 article arguing the 1965-68 killings were political genocide and that the military's post-coup propaganda, including fabricated stories, constituted incitement to genocide; critiques the exclusion of political groups from the Genocide Convention.
McGregor and Hearman's 2017 chapter on AAPSO (founded Cairo 1957-58) as the main vehicle of the 'Bandung Spirit' among non-state activists 1955-65, taking up Sukarno's 'lifeline of imperialism' image. Context for Afro-Asian solidarity.
Ariel Heryanto's essay (Indonesia at Melbourne, 16 Jan 2018) arguing the state's own story of the 30 September Movement, disseminated since 1966, is the 'primary hoax' behind later 'secondary' ones. Commentary on state disinformation.
Historia report (22 Dec 2020) on an online dialogue with Ita Fatia Nadia and Tunggal Pawestri sketching milestones of the Indonesian women's movement from Kartini and early organisations through the 1928 congress. Short popular summary.
PhD dissertation (History, University of Washington, 2020) by Hongxuan Lin tracing the confluence of Islam and Marxism in the Netherlands East Indies and Indonesia, 1915-1959, through vernacular print culture; it genealogises Sukarno's NASAKOM. Gerwani appears only briefly: citing Blackburn, it says millions joined for