Umi Sardjono's General Report to the Third DPP Plenum, June 1956
Umi Sardjono's general report for the Gerwani DPP Executive to the 3rd DPP Plenary (16-19 June 1956), published by DPP Gerwani. Reviews the 1955 election campaign (23,480 new Gerwani workers; five Gerwani members elected, including Umi Sardjono and Salawati), marriage-law and anti-polygamy casework (86 of 115 cases res
Indonesia: Gerwani report since the Third Congress (WIDF Information Bulletin, 1958)
WIDF Information Bulletin no. 10/1958 report on Gerwani since its Third Congress (December 1957): regional conferences, new constitution (branches replace workplace branches, 20-member minimum), plan to double membership, campaign for a national marriage law against polygamy with Sumari (PNI) and Mudigdio (PKI) MPs in
Biographic Data on Members of the Gotong Royong Parliament (US Embassy despatch, July 1960)
US State Department Central Files despatch from Embassy Djakarta (July 1960, chargé Rolland Buchner): biographic data, with alphabetical index, on about 110 former members of parliament appointed to the Gotong Royong parliament, grouped by party. Biographies of women MPs include Gerwani figures. Mrs Mudigdio (Gerwis/Ge
The Communist Party of Indonesia 1951-1961: A Decade of the Aidit Leadership (Hindley, 1961)
Donald Hindley's 1961 ANU PhD thesis on the Indonesian Communist Party under the Aidit leadership, 1951-1961, covering PKI strategy, party-building, finances, mass organisations and elections. Section 'Women' (pp. 422-448, esp. 'Gerwani', pp. 428-441) traces Gerwis from its founding on 4 June 1950 (about 500 members) t
National Seminar on Peasant Women, 17-20 January 1961 (DPP Gerwani)
Gerwani national leadership (DPP) brochure of the National Seminar on Peasant Women, Jakarta, 17-20 January 1961 (published 1962). Contains the DPP keynote on peasant-women's emancipation against imperialism and feudal remnants, speeches by BTI, ministers and D.N. Aidit, regional delegates' land-tenure reports, a Mudig
Indonesian parties and organisations demand severe punishment of rioters (Renmin Ribao, 21 May 1963)
Renmin Ribao, 21 May 1963, p. 3 (Xinhua, Jakarta): Indonesian parties and mass organisations condemn the May 1963 anti-Chinese riots in Cirebon, Tegal, Bandung and Bogor as counter-revolutionary and link them to Malaysia and the US Peace Corps. Gerwani's Central Committee calls the Bandung incidents despicable acts vio
Indonesian parties and organisations demand severe punishment of rioters (Renmin Ribao, 21 May 1963)
Renmin Ribao, 21 May 1963, p. 3 (Xinhua, Jakarta): Indonesian parties and mass organisations condemn the May 1963 anti-Chinese riots in Cirebon, Tegal, Bandung and Bogor as counter-revolutionary and link them to Malaysia and the US Peace Corps. Gerwani's Central Committee calls the Bandung incidents despicable acts vio
Neues Deutschland, 10 Jan 1965, p. 5: Light and shadow (Indonesia report by Lieselotte Thoms, part IV)
Neues Deutschland, 10 January 1965, p. 5. Part IV of Lieselotte Thoms's Indonesia travel report 'Licht und Schatten'. After sections on literacy, universities and inflation, 'Frauenprobleme' describes meetings with Mrs (Dr) Subandrio, head of the Indonesian Women's Congress, and notes the movement is organised by party
Strong protests against US bombing of Vietnam; 75,000 youth rally in Semarang
Xinhua dispatches in Renmin Ribao (8 Mar 1965, p. 4): 75,000 youth in Semarang demand confiscation of US capital and expulsion of the Peace Corps; Buddhists protest at the US Embassy. Women volunteers' leaders, including Gerwani volunteer-command leaders Sulami and Suwati Trimo (uncertain) and adviser Mrs Arudji Kartaw
Reds, pressing reforms, win wide peasant support in Java (New York Times, 27 March 1965)
New York Times, 27 March 1965, p.55, Neil Sheehan from Klaten, Central Java: on how the PKI and affiliates win peasant support through land-reform agitation and practical projects. Mrs. Sukarni, chair of the Klaten district women's organisation (Gerwani) and district committee member, says Gerwani works to remove restr
Indonesia: Army nets 1,500 Reds (New York Herald Tribune, European ed., 11 October 1965)
New York Herald Tribune (European ed.), 11 Oct 1965, Reuters report 'Army Nets 1,500 Reds' from Djakarta. Says the army arrested at least 1,500 Communists, including members of 'the Gerwani Communist women's movement, some members of which are alleged to have tortured the six army generals', plus PKI band and choir mem
Mass arrests by Indonesian army: Communist offices burned (The Irish Times, 11 October 1965)
The Irish Times, 11 Oct 1965, p.66 (Reuter and AP): mass arrests of Communists in Jakarta (about 1,500 detained) after PKI headquarters were burned; Muslims and army organise processions demanding Aidit be hanged. Those arrested include Gerwani members, some alleged to have tortured the six generals, and a crowd of Mus
Mass arrests in Indonesia: 3,500 Communists detained during round-up (The Scotsman, 11 October 1965)
The Scotsman, 11 Oct 1965 (Djakarta, Sunday): mass arrests of Communists after the reported discovery of arms and a radio transmitter at burned PKI headquarters, with detainees put at 3,500 including rebels in Java. Among those arrested are Gerwani members alleged to have tortured the six generals whose mutilated bodie
Mass arrests in Jakarta: anti-Communist drive (The Times, 11 October 1965)
The Times, 11 Oct 1965, p.9, whole page scan; only the first article, 'Mass arrests in Jakarta: anti-Communist drive', concerns Indonesia (other items cover Aden, Cuba, Bulgaria, etc.). It reports 1,500 detained, the burning of PKI headquarters, Muslim demands that Aidit be hanged, and that arrested Communists include
Gerwani among banned Communist fronts (Vancouver Sun, 18 October 1965)
Vancouver Sun, 18 Oct 1965, p.3, whole page (Reuters/UPI); relevant items: Jakarta commander Maj. Gen. Umar Wirahadikusumah, in defiance of Sukarno, orders temporary suspension of the PKI and other pro-communist organisations in the Jakarta area, leaders to report within five days. Banned groups include the Youth Front
Suharto's radio speeches and statements: Lubang Buaya well (snippet)
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao extract (20 Oct 1965, p. 3) from the compilation of Suharto's radio statements. Visible text is from his 4 October Lubang Buaya speech: the well site was an Air Force volunteer training centre with Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani activists, and arrested Gerwani trainees in Cirebon said they came fro
Suharto's radio speeches and statements of 1, 3 and 4 October 1965
Renmin Ribao (20 Oct 1965, p. 3) reprints Suharto's RRI statements of 1, 3 and 4 October 1965: he takes interim army leadership, calls the September 30th Movement counter-revolutionary, and at Lubang Buaya on 4 October says the well lay near an Air Force volunteer training centre with Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani activist
The Economist, 6 Nov 1965, p.594, 'Rings on a tree trunk', from a special correspondent in Jakarta: the army-inspired anti-communist campaign has gained its own momentum, with raids on PKI offices, arrests, 26 Antara correspondents detained, Aidit in hiding, Sukarno declaring Central Java in a 'state of war'. Wall graf
South China Sunday Post-Herald, 7 Nov 1965, p.30 (Reuter, Djakarta, 6 Nov): the Armed Forces bulletin says nine 'suicide squad' members of Gerwani, the Communist Women's Organisation, were killed by troops after standing in the path of army tanks in Solo, jeering and turning their backs when asked to leave. The item al
Sukarno will act against Reds (The Hindustan Times, 7 November 1965)
The Hindustan Times, 7 Nov 1965 (Reuter, Bogor, 6 Nov): Sukarno promises action against the PKI while the army hunts its members; Subandrio reports Sukarno scolding Njoto for the party's 'childish disease'. The armed forces bulletin says nine Gerwani 'suicide members' were killed by paratroopers when they blocked the r
Words and deeds of the Indonesian army: Nasution and Suharto statements reprinted
Renmin Ribao (7 Nov 1965, p. 5) reprints Indonesian army statements from radio and Antara: Nasution's 25 October speech on 'slander' and purges, Suharto's 30 October Bandung speech calling the PKI the 'protagonist' and Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani members 'supporting roles' of the movement, an army information chief's int
Pravda, 17 Nov 1965, p. 1: 'Situation in Indonesia', Gerwani banned in the Moluccas
Pravda front page, 17 Nov 1965: TASS dispatch 'The situation in Indonesia'. Reports 62 MPs removed after the 30 September Movement, 315 arrests in Jepara, and that Brig. Gen. Busiri temporarily banned the PKI, SOBSI, Gerwani ('Gervani') and BTI in the Moluccas.
Neues Deutschland, 23 Nov 1965, p. 7: New reprisals in Indonesia
Neues Deutschland, 23 November 1965, p. 7: ADN report 'Neue Repressalien in Indonesien' from Jakarta citing the Indonesian press: 1,600 detained in the South Borneo military district and 1,630 arrested in Wonogiri near Surakarta. Antara states all those held belong to the Communist Party, the women's organisation 'Gerw
Army plans to kill P.K.I. for ever (The Scotsman, 8 December 1965)
The Scotsman, 8 Dec 1965, Dennis Bloodworth, 'Army plans to kill PKI for ever': Suharto and Nasution press to destroy the PKI while Sukarno refuses to ban it; the article analyses the PKI's miscalculations. It repeats the slander that six generals were mutilated by 'doe-eyed girls' of the PKI's 'Gerwani' women's moveme
The 1965 Coup in Indonesia: The CIA's Version (van der Kroef, 1976)
Critical review by Justus M. van der Kroef (Asian Affairs, Nov 1976) of the CIA's declassified 1968 report 'Indonesia-1965: The Coup That Backfired'. Takes issue with the CIA's claim that Lubang Buaya victims were not mutilated and that Gerwani/Pemuda Rakyat confessions were Army-contrived, quoting Gerwani member Djami
South China Sunday Morning Post, 23 Apr 2000, p.10, Vaudine England: profile of Sudjinah Halina (72), former Gerwani activist and political prisoner, as Indonesia reopens debate on 1965. She recounts Solo childhood, guerrilla courier work (1947-49), study at Gadjah Mada, the 1955 Prague youth festival, a job with the W
Tempo, 8 February 2016: Mintardjo and a fragment of Gerwis history
Tempo review (8 Feb 2016) of Elisabeth Ida Mulyani's video 'Supervivere' on 1965 exiles (Mintardjo and nine others in the Netherlands and Sweden), shown in Yogyakarta with a charcoal portrait 'Suti, Plight of Gerwani' by Dewi Candraningrum. It describes Suti, 95, founder of Gerwis Musuk/Boyolali in 1952, a literacy cam
Tempo, 2 October 2021: Umi Sardjono and the annual PKI ghost
Tempo column (2 Oct 2021, Budi Setyarso) using Umi Sardjono's life to argue that 1965 history is still painted in black and white. It notes her arrest without trial, Bukit Duri and Plantungan until 1979, Gerwani's origins in Gerwis, about 1.5 million members by 1960, literacy courses, her immigration and marriage-law w