De Locomotief, 14 Aug 1950 (Aneta): about 5,000 attend a Medan peace-committee rally, mainly plantation, peasant and pedicab unions, with anti-American banners. Speakers include Tuti Rukmi for 'Indonesian women'. The resolution urges Indonesia not to join the 'imperialist war' in Korea and calls for a ban on atomic wea
Femmes du monde entier no. 50, January 1951, the French-language WIDF bulletin issued from Berlin. Editorial and reports urge women to back the Second World Peace Congress's address to the UN: Korea, Formosa and Vietnam, banning mass-destruction weapons, colonial oppression (Madagascar, Vietnam, South Africa), war prop
De Waarheid, 19 Jul 1951, p. 5: editorial feature mocking US upbringing, drawing on a Saturday Evening Post painting of boys playing gunfights and a New York Times television study, and linking American media to atrocities in Korea as reported by the WIDF commission in which Trees Sunito-Heyligers took part. Cold War p
Hungarian county daily Somogyi Néplap, 14 Aug 1951 (snippet only). Lists the officers of the WIDF commission on Korea: the secretary from Czechoslovakia and, as deputy, Trees Soenito Heyligers of the Netherlands. The catalogue treats her as the Trees Sunito later named as Njono's defence counsel; that identification, a
FBIS-monitored Pyongyang radio text (4 Mar 1953) of a Korean Workers' Party Central Committee decision for International Women's Day: praises Korean women in the war, calls for wartime production and vigilance. One line lists the 'awakened democratic women of India, Indonesia' and others in the WIDF-led struggle (WIDF
WIDF 1954 article compiling women's campaigns against atomic and hydrogen bombs after Bikini, with excerpts from Eugénie Cotton and the WIDF Executive appeal (Geneva). Countries covered include Britain, US, Japan, Germany, India; the Indonesia entry apparently refers to a national women's congress of 349 delegates dema
Harry J. Benda, The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesian Islam under the Japanese Occupation of Java, 1942-45 (PhD thesis, Cornell, June 1955), on Japanese policy towards Islam, Masjumi and the mass organisations Putera and Hokokai. Gerwani is not mentioned (it was founded after the thesis's period). The only women'
De Waarheid, 19 Mar 1956, p. 3: profile of Lilly Wachter (West Germany), attending the NVB congress for the WIDF. Recalls the 1951 WIDF commission to Korea, in which Trees Sunito-Heyligers represented the NVB, and how Wachter was jailed 25 days and fined 12,000 marks after signing its report blaming US forces. Sunito a
Article in Api Kartini (1960), in Indonesian, 'The atomic bomb continues to kill after fifteen years'. A Japanese mother tells of her daughter Hiroko Kayiyama, who died of leukaemia in April 1960 aged 17 after Hiroshima radiation. It notes Japanese women delegates at the WIDF assembly in Copenhagen (21 April 1960) and
WIDF magazine 1960 item on Hiroshima victims: a mother's letter to the Copenhagen international assembly of women recounts her 17-year-old daughter Hiroko Kajiyama's death from leukaemia on 5 April 1960, plus remarks on Japan's ratification of the US-Japan security pact. No Indonesian content or Gerwani mention.
FBIS-monitored KCNA item (23 Jul 1963): Kim Ok-sun, first vice chair of the Korean Democratic Women's Union, reported to a Pyongyang meeting on the Moscow World Women's Congress, calling it a 'great blot' that ignored the anti-imperialist struggle and allowed an anti-Chinese racket. She lists the women's delegations of
Soviet Woman, 30 Sep 1963, pp. 6-8: delegates' reports on the June 1963 World Congress of Women in Moscow: Fuki Kushida (Japan) on Tereshkova and the congress, Lotte Ulbricht (GDR) on a German peace treaty, Gondo Kikue on 'stitches for peace' banners, and Thamina Salam Adel's testimony on Ba'ath terror in Iraq. Umi Sar
Api Kartini (late 1964) article on Sukarno's 'The Era of Confrontation' speech at the Second Non-Aligned Summit, Cairo (5-10 October 1964), applied to Indonesia: confrontation with Malaysia and with the 'seven village devils' (landlords) in the interest of peasant women. Also carries a Kowani delegation's impressions o
FBIS-monitored Jakarta radio report (19 Apr 1964) of a rally welcoming a North Korean Supreme People's Assembly delegation, with speeches by Sudibjo (National Front), Arudji Kartawinata and delegation chair Choe Won-taek, who said two divisions of Korean volunteers would join the anti-Malaysia campaign. The delegation'
Cable from the Chinese Embassy in North Korea, 14 Dec 1965, reporting a banquet conversation between DPRK Foreign Minister Pak Seong-cheol and Ambassador Jiao Ruoyu (Wilson Center Digital Archive; trans. Charles Kraus). Pak calls Sukarno still a leftist advocating Nasakom with high prestige, and warns that guerrilla wa
Chinese Foreign Ministry record of Vice Minister Qiao Guanhua's conversation with DPRK Ambassador Pak Se-chang, 5 March 1965 (Wilson Center; trans. Jeffrey Wang and Charles Kraus). They coordinate Kim Il Sung's and Zhou Enlai's planned travel to Indonesia for the 10th anniversary of Bandung (Jakarta, Bogor, Bali, 16-24
Kim Il Sung, Works vol. 19 (January-October 1965), Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang 1984. Collects speeches and interviews, including the 14 April 1965 lecture at the 'Ali Archam' Academy of Social Sciences in Jakarta on socialist construction in North Korea and the South Korean revolution (p. 236), and a
Chinese Foreign Ministry minutes of Zhou Enlai's conversation with Kim Il Sung in Jakarta, night of 16 April 1965, at Subandrio's residence (Wilson Center; trans. Caixia Lu). Kim reports on the Korea-Indonesia joint statement negotiated with Sukarno (Vietnam, Korea-Japan talks, Asian-African Conference), the push for a
Short Chinese Foreign Ministry minutes (Chinese original with English translation) of Zhou Enlai's 30-minute talk with Kim Il Sung at the Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, 19 April 1965 (Wilson Center; trans. Caixia Lu). Zhou says the UAR and Algeria opposed a pro-Vietnam document and Pham Van Dong dropped it to protect the sec
Cable by Yang Yong and Hao Deqing, 29 Oct 1965, recording Kim Il Sung's 28 Oct meeting with a Chinese People's Delegation (Wilson Center; trans. Jeffrey Wang and Charles Kraus). Kim covers Korean war preparations, Japanese militarism and Asia's revolutionary role; on Indonesia he calls the 30 September incident 'necess
Hungarian Foreign Ministry information report by Istvan Garajszki, 14 Nov 1967, on Hungarian-Korean solidarity meetings (Wilson Center Digital Archive; trans. Balazs Szalontai). A North Korean embassy secretary, Choe Guk-hyeon, says the PKI erred by exposing all its leaders and members and by relying on Sukarno after t
Masashi Nishihara's 1973 Michigan PhD thesis on Japanese-Indonesian relations 1951-1966: war reparations, the Kishi-Sukarno settlement, lobbies, the Malaysia confrontation and the 'Sukarno groups'. Gerwani appears only once (pp. 285-286): the Nasution-Suharto group's claim that Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani and SOBSI trained
De Waarheid piece (17 Jun 1985, p.5) on the origin of Korea's division at the 38th parallel after Potsdam and the Korean War. It recalls CPN opposition to Dutch participation and quotes Trees Sunito-Heyligers, who visited Korea in 1951 with a twenty-woman international delegation and wrote 'Wij beschuldigen'. No Indone
Japanese review (Ajia Keizai, July 2006) by Hattori Mina of Blackburn's Women and the State in Modern Indonesia, with post-1998 context, chapter summaries and evaluation; Gerwani appears only in notes. Context rather than evidence. (In Japanese.)