Pravda, 30 October 1990 (No. 303), p. 5: V. Shurygin's retrospective 'Indonesia: strokes to a tragedy of 35 years ago' on the 1965 coup, Suharto's rise and the destruction of the PKI by a Pravda correspondent who was in Indonesia. Gerwani appears once, listed as the PKI's women's organisation alongside SOBSI, BTI, Pemu
Pravda (Nov/Dec 1990, No. 303) archive.org OCR excerpt of V. Shurygin's retrospective 'Indonesia: strokes to a tragedy of 35 years ago'. Lists Gerwani among PKI-affiliated mass organisations, cites up to 500,000 killed, notes slander turned opinion against communists, and says ~50,000 of 1.4 million ex-prisoners may vo
Fourteen prints from Edhi Sunarso's archive of Lubang Buaya dioramas, including 'Latihan sukarelawan P.K.I. di Lubang Buaya' and 'Penganiayaan dan pembunuhan di Lubang Buaya'. Titles match the Paseban dioramas opened in 1981. Visual material on the official narrative.
Het Vrije Volk interview feature (9 Jul 1990, p.10) by Canis Zijlmans on anthropologist Saskia Wieringa's research on lesbian women in the Third World. One passage mentions her research in Indonesia on the 'three-million-member' communist women's organisation Gerwani, wiped out after Suharto's takeover, and lesbian lif
The Guardian (Weekend Guardian), 8 Sept 1990, p.A4, John Gittings, 'The black hole of Bali': long feature on the 1965 massacre (250,000 or more killed), how the killings were organised by the army under Suharto, the Aidit/PKI role, the US list of communists (Martens/Kadane) and US encouragement, survivors ('Tapols') an
TAPOL Bulletin no. 101 (London, Oct 1990), covering West Papuan border raids, Suharto's 'de-Suharto-ization', new litsus screening rules, Petisi 50 and East Timor at the UN. A page on US embassy collusion reproduces Kathy Kadane's May 1990 interview with ex-deputy chief Jack Lydman about embassy-compiled PKI name lists
FBIS item (Jakarta Post, 5 Jul 1991): the Petition 50 dissident group, 18 members attending, was heard by DPR Commissions II and III. Attendees included Ali Sadikin, H.R. Dharsono and 79-year-old freedom fighter S.K. Trimurti. They complained of travel, loan and media restrictions since 1980. Gerwani is not named.
FBIS item (Jakarta Post, 10 Jul 1991): the Petition 50 group said it would seek amicable settlement of the restrictions imposed since 1980 and go to court only as a last resort, and intended to meet Suharto. S.K. Trimurti attended the group's meeting. Gerwani is not named.
Media Indonesia, 18 Aug 1991, p. 15: review of Y.B. Mangunwijaya's Durga Umayi summarising the heroine's path from Sukarno's household servant to rape, prostitution and becoming 'an important figure in Gerwani', a political fugitive.
Three snapshots of President Suharto's visit to the Museum Pengkhianatan PKI at Lubang Buaya, probably at its 1 Oct 1992 inauguration. Shows him before dioramas made in Edhi Sunarso's workshop.
Bernas (Yogyakarta), 8 Jan 1992, p. 4: essay by a UGM student on Indonesian women's organisations 1945–65, noting sharp Guided Democracy conflict between Gerwani and Kowani culminating in 1965, and criticising later homogenisation.
Bali Post, 31 May 1992, p. 6: review of Y.B. Mangunwijaya's novel Durga Umayi whose climax has the heroine exposed as a Lekra and Gerwani figure.
Bali Post, 30 Sept 1992, p. 6: G30S-anniversary opinion page; a feature lists Gerwani among communist masses backing Madiun 1948 and retells the Cemetuk clash of 18 Oct 1965 as PKI poisoning.
Saraswati Sunindyo's PhD dissertation (Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993) is a feminist study of prostitution in Java based on 1987-88 fieldwork in three brothel resorts (Samas, Bandungan, Tretes), with life stories and a history of state policy. Gerwani appears mainly in Chapter 2 (pp. 29-39): it outlin
Berita Yudha, 1 Oct 1993, p. 2: reprints Maj. Gen. Soeharto's 15 Oct 1965 speech to the Front Nasional from Alex Dinuth's document selection, narrating 1–4 October 1965; Gerwani mentioned.
Kedaulatan Rakyat (Yogyakarta), 26 Apr 1994, p. 12: satirical column where a professor fears maids' associations are 'infiltrated by the PKI and Gerwani'; the servant answers 'PKI what, Gerwani what?'.
Berita Yudha, 24 Oct 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on PKI infiltration of IPPI and PGRI and the 'Angkatan V', with volunteers from Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani.
Berita Yudha, 9 Nov 1994, p. 4: White Book instalment on Central Java and Yogyakarta, naming Gerwani among PKI mass organisations issuing a support resolution in Wonogiri on 1 Oct 1965; editorial honours Fatmawati.
TAPOL Bulletin no. 133 (February 1996), London human rights newsletter on East Timor, West Papua hostage crisis, British investment, street children, Suharto's cabinet rifts, SBSI union harassment, Sri-Bintang's trial and AJI. Gerwani appears only in the review of Carmel Budiardjo's 'Surviving Indonesia's Gulag' (p.19-
FBIS translated excerpt (Suara Pembaruan, 7 Aug 1996): at a meeting of senior journalists, Information Minister Harmoko warned of PKI penetration of the press and propaganda, praising the New Order. Mrs S.K. Trimurti, 84, was among those given accident insurance cards. Gerwani is not named.
Hermawan Sulistyo's 1997 Arizona State history PhD, 'The Forgotten Years', studies the 1965-66 killings in Jombang-Kediri, East Java, from interviews and documents, finding no single national pattern and stressing local conflict and military-backed operations. Gerwani appears in passing: its claimed 1.75 million member
Analisa (Medan), 19 June 1997, p. 1: Religious Affairs Minister Tarmizi Taher claims a domestic worker causing religious unrest was 'a member of Gerwani/PKI' and links the PRD to riots; Gerwani used as a scare label.
Analisa (Medan), 4 Oct 1997, p. 7: commentary for Hari Kesaktian Pancasila repeating the official G30S account and invoking 'the barbarity of the PKI with its Gerwani and Pemuda Rakyat'.
Berita Yudha, 31 Dec 1997, p. 4: hero biography stating a Gerwani demonstration in Surabaya on 27 Sept 1965 damaged the East Java governor's residence, reported by Basuki Rachmat to Yani.
Berita Yudha, 8 Jan 1998, p. 4: final instalment of a hero biography of M.T. Harjono stating PKI antecedents like Pemuda Rakyat, CGMI and Gerwani used volunteer training as a mask, as at Lubang Buaya.
South China Sunday Morning Post, 26 Apr 1998, p.8, Jenny Grant: report on the trial in Medan of the sorcerer Datuk (Achmad Suradji), accused of killing 42 young women. After first confessing he retracted and blamed 'an outlawed communist women's group known as Gerwani', claiming police forced his confession; the articl
South China Sunday Morning Post, 27 Sep 1998, p.8, Jenny Grant: after Suharto's fall, historians and politicians call for a reassessment of the 1965 coup and killings; the government has dropped compulsory screening of the New Order propaganda film. The article repeats that members of 'the communist women's organisatio
South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999, p.37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': newly released US embassy and CIA cables show US officials encouraging the army's anti-PKI campaign in Oct-Nov 1965, urging anti-PKI propaganda that links 'diabolical murder and mutilation of the genera
Tempo book review (29 Aug 1999) of Carmel Budiardjo's prison memoir on New Order detention (Likdam, Bukit Duri, 'bon' interrogations, ET stigma). It records her witness to teenage women political prisoners tortured to make the script of Gerwani's involvement in the Lubang Buaya killings work, and notes she founded Tapo