TAPOL Bulletin no. 101 (London, Oct 1990), covering West Papuan border raids, Suharto's 'de-Suharto-ization', new litsus screening rules, Petisi 50 and East Timor at the UN. A page on US embassy collusion reproduces Kathy Kadane's May 1990 interview with ex-deputy chief Jack Lydman about embassy-compiled PKI name lists
FBIS item (Jakarta Post, 5 Jul 1991): the Petition 50 dissident group, 18 members attending, was heard by DPR Commissions II and III. Attendees included Ali Sadikin, H.R. Dharsono and 79-year-old freedom fighter S.K. Trimurti. They complained of travel, loan and media restrictions since 1980. Gerwani is not named.
FBIS item (Jakarta Post, 10 Jul 1991): the Petition 50 group said it would seek amicable settlement of the restrictions imposed since 1980 and go to court only as a last resort, and intended to meet Suharto. S.K. Trimurti attended the group's meeting. Gerwani is not named.
Saraswati Sunindyo's PhD dissertation (Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993) is a feminist study of prostitution in Java based on 1987-88 fieldwork in three brothel resorts (Samas, Bandungan, Tretes), with life stories and a history of state policy. Gerwani appears mainly in Chapter 2 (pp. 29-39): it outlin
TAPOL Bulletin no. 133 (February 1996), London human rights newsletter on East Timor, West Papua hostage crisis, British investment, street children, Suharto's cabinet rifts, SBSI union harassment, Sri-Bintang's trial and AJI. Gerwani appears only in the review of Carmel Budiardjo's 'Surviving Indonesia's Gulag' (p.19-
FBIS translated excerpt (Suara Pembaruan, 7 Aug 1996): at a meeting of senior journalists, Information Minister Harmoko warned of PKI penetration of the press and propaganda, praising the New Order. Mrs S.K. Trimurti, 84, was among those given accident insurance cards. Gerwani is not named.
Hermawan Sulistyo's 1997 Arizona State history PhD, 'The Forgotten Years', studies the 1965-66 killings in Jombang-Kediri, East Java, from interviews and documents, finding no single national pattern and stressing local conflict and military-backed operations. Gerwani appears in passing: its claimed 1.75 million member
South China Sunday Morning Post, 26 Apr 1998, p.8, Jenny Grant: report on the trial in Medan of the sorcerer Datuk (Achmad Suradji), accused of killing 42 young women. After first confessing he retracted and blamed 'an outlawed communist women's group known as Gerwani', claiming police forced his confession; the articl
South China Sunday Morning Post, 27 Sep 1998, p.8, Jenny Grant: after Suharto's fall, historians and politicians call for a reassessment of the 1965 coup and killings; the government has dropped compulsory screening of the New Order propaganda film. The article repeats that members of 'the communist women's organisatio
South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999, p.37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': newly released US embassy and CIA cables show US officials encouraging the army's anti-PKI campaign in Oct-Nov 1965, urging anti-PKI propaganda that links 'diabolical murder and mutilation of the genera
Tempo book review (29 Aug 1999) of Carmel Budiardjo's prison memoir on New Order detention (Likdam, Bukit Duri, 'bon' interrogations, ET stigma). It records her witness to teenage women political prisoners tortured to make the script of Gerwani's involvement in the Lubang Buaya killings work, and notes she founded Tapo
MA thesis (McGill, 2000) by Ro'fah on 'Aisyiyah, the women's wing of Muhammadiyah, from 1917 to 1998, covering the Old Order and New Order. Gerwani is treated as a rival within KOWANI in Ch. 2 (pp. 59-62): Gerwis founded 4 June 1950 and renamed Gerwani in 1954, its mass base among peasant women, literacy classes, marri
PhD dissertation (UC Berkeley, 2000) by Julie Shackford-Bradley reading autobiographical fiction by Indonesian women writers of the nationalist period: Kartini, Hamidah, Suwarsih Djojopuspito and S. Rukiah Kertapati (ch. 5 on Kedjatuhan dan Hati). Gerwani is not discussed; it appears only in bibliographic notes citing
TAPOL Bulletin no. 159 (Aug/Sep 2000), with Carmel Budiardjo's report on a visit to Indonesia (pp. 12-14). She meets some twenty former Bukit Duri prison mates, among them Sri Ambar, frail after a stroke (p. 12); visits the Tangerang home of Ibu Sulami, founder in April 1999 of YPKP, the foundation investigating the 19
Suraiya It's 2005 Temple University religion PhD dissertation on the Indonesian women's movement, with the Muhammadiyah women's section 'Aisyiyah as case study (Ch. 2 history from Kartini to the New Order; Ch. 3 religion and family law; Ch. 4-5 'Aisyiyah; Ch. 6 conclusion). Gerwani appears only in passing: Gerwis is li
Short Tempo news item (29 Aug 2005) that S.K. Trimurti, 93, 'journalist of three eras' and Labour Minister in 1947, is hospitalised at PGI Cikini; Social Minister gave Rp 50 million and Megawati visited. The page also carries unrelated briefs. No Gerwani content.
Tempo special (1 October 2007) on what happened to D.N. Aidit's family after 30 September 1965. It recounts the fates of his father, siblings and children, and of his wife Dr Soetanti Aidit, who fled, lived in disguise, was arrested, held in Kodim 66 and Bukit Duri until about 1980, and died in 1991. Her Gerwani member
Tempo.co news (20 May 2008) on officials (Hatta Rajasa, Fauzi Bowo, Murdiono) paying respects to the late S.K. Trimurti at RSPAD Gatot Subroto; she died aged 96 at 18.20 and her care was paid by the state on President Yudhoyono's order. Describes her as an independence pioneer and wife of Sayuti Melik. No Gerwani conte
Brief Tempo.co item (21 May 2008): S.K. Trimurti's body will probably not lie in state at Gedung Pola because of crowds there, per Jakarta governor Fauzi Bowo; she will be buried directly at Kalibata Heroes Cemetery with a state funeral. No Gerwani content.
Tempo.co report (21 May 2008) on S.K. Trimurti's state funeral at Kalibata: Megawati says Trimurti was like a mother to her; poet Taufik Ismail, once cared for by her as a child, calls her a model fighter jailed repeatedly by the Dutch. Attendees included A.M. Fatwa, Taufiq Kiemas and Dewi Motik. No Gerwani content.
Yosef Djakababa's 2009 Wisconsin dissertation on how the New Order built the official Lubang Buaya narrative (PKI sole mastermind, spontaneous people's response) via army history, Mahmillub trials, the monument, Hari Kesaktian Pancasila and the film. Key study of official memory.
Tempo review (7 Mar 2011) by Martin Aleida of Putu Oka Sukanta's documentary 'Plantungan', screened at GoetheHaus, finding it under-researched. It features former Plantungan prisoners Siti Suratih, Suci Danarti, Pujiati, Mujiati and Sp. Tican and rebuts the Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI film's slander of women; Aleida adds Ta
PhD dissertation (University of Michigan, 2012) by Andrew Conroe: an ethnography of former political prisoners (eks-tapol) and their children and grandchildren in Yogyakarta, centred on the group Fopperham, on memory, silence and uncertain family histories. Gerwani appears through family accounts and events: Bu Marni,
Edited volume (KITLV Press, Leiden, 2012) by Jennifer Lindsay and Maya H.T. Liem on Indonesian culture and its international links, 1950-65. Gerwani appears only in passing: Michael Bodden's chapter on Lekra theatre says Gerwani, like Lekra and CGMI, was pressed by the PKI in 1964 to declare itself communist (p. 470, c
Edited volume (KITLV Press, Leiden, 2012) by Jennifer Lindsay and Maya H.T. Liem on Indonesian culture and its international links, 1950-65. Gerwani appears only in passing: Michael Bodden's chapter on Lekra theatre says Gerwani, like Lekra and CGMI, was pressed by the PKI in 1964 to declare itself communist (p. 470, c
Ariel Heryanto essay in Tempo (1 Oct 2012) on state terror, propaganda film and the 1965 wound, from Supersemar and the Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI film to post-1998 indie documentaries and The Act of Killing. One passage states Gerwani leaders were detained, raped, tortured and portrayed as immoral mutilators in army press
Tempo piece (1 Oct 2012) on conditions of 1965 political prisoners in Jakarta: torture and tiny rations at Cipinang, Salemba, Kalong HQ and Bukit Duri, with testimony of Eko Wardoyo, Bedjo Untung, Jawito. Includes Gerwani member and journalist Sri Sukatno, jailed years at Bukit Duri, describing electric torture at 'Gan
Tempo explainer (1 Oct 2012) on Kopkamtib, set up by Suharto on 2 Oct 1965 as the 'super organisation' that planned and drove the mass killings and detentions (Komnas HAM names it chief perpetrator). It notes army-controlled media showing Lubang Buaya photos with stories that Gerwani women tortured the generals, and ci
Tempo report (1 Oct 2012) on Operasi Kalong (Jakarta, from Aug 1966) and Trisula (Blitar, 1968), Kopkamtib interrogation and torture sites (Gunung Sahari II, Plantungan, Jalan Gandhi, Kemaro, Moncongloe), with torture methods (electric shock, stingray whip, 'ayat kursi'). It lists other intelligence task forces, one at
Vannessa Hearman's 2013 article on memories 'under duress', from interviews with over thirty ex-prisoners: screening and stigma forced concealment, name changes and silence; Gerwani appears via 'Leila' and 'Tuti' and Sukarno-era WIDF internationalism. Oral history methodology.