A Study of 'Aisyiyah, an Indonesian Women's Organization, 1917-1998

MA thesis (McGill, 2000) by Ro'fah on 'Aisyiyah, the women's wing of Muhammadiyah, from 1917 to 1998, covering the Old Order and New Order. Gerwani is treated as a rival within KOWANI in Ch. 2 (pp. 59-62): Gerwis founded 4 June 1950 and renamed Gerwani in 1954, its mass base among peasant women, literacy classes, marriage reform and workers' rights campaigns, and Muslim women's hostility over WIDF membership and communism, with Baried's recollection of clashes. Ch. 3 describes the PKI's dissolution in 1966.

Tesis MA (McGill, 2000) oleh Ro'fah tentang 'Aisyiyah, sayap perempuan Muhammadiyah, 1917-1998, mencakup Orde Lama dan Orde Baru. Gerwani dibahas sebagai pesaing di dalam KOWANI pada Bab 2 (hlm. 59-62): Gerwis berdiri 4 Juni 1950 dan menjadi Gerwani pada 1954, basis massa perempuan tani, kelas pemberantasan buta huruf, reformasi perkawinan dan hak buruh perempuan, serta penentangan organisasi perempuan Islam atas keanggotaan WIDF dan komunisme, dengan kesaksian Baried tentang benturan. Bab 3 menyinggung pembubaran PKI 1966.

“Gerwani's Marxist philosophy 'often led to disharmony with other women's groups within Kowani'; Muslim groups opposed it most strongly, and Baried recalled Gerwani spreading gossip about 'Aisyiyah (pp. 60-62).”