Murders (Suharto and the mass killings of 1965-66)
De Waarheid piece (2 Sep 1989, p.16) criticising Suharto's silence on the 1965-66 massacres, quoting Stanley Karnow and C.L. Sulzberger on the killings and estimates of 300,000 to one million dead. It notes mass arrests without trial of hundreds of thousands, including members of SOBSI, Gerwani and Pemuda Rakjat, and the ET stamp on released prisoners; a caption mentions CPN posters of Umi Sardjono.
Tulisan De Waarheid (2 Sep 1989, hlm. 16) yang mengkritik bungkamnya Suharto atas pembantaian 1965-66, mengutip Stanley Karnow dan C.L. Sulzberger tentang pembunuhan dan perkiraan 300.000 hingga satu juta korban. Dicatat penangkapan massal tanpa pengadilan atas ratusan ribu orang, termasuk anggota SOBSI, Gerwani dan Pemuda Rakjat, serta cap ET bagi tahanan yang dibebaskan; keterangan foto menyebut poster CPN bergambar Umi Sardjono.
“Hundreds of thousands of men and women, among them members of Sobsi, Gerwani, Pemuda Rakjat, were imprisoned without trial (p. 16).”
Tribune (Sydney), 29 Jun 1966, p. 5: editorial attacking Western press whitewashing of the Suharto regime plus a long reconstruction of 30 Sep-1 Oct 1965 taken from the British New Left Review, portraying the movement as junior officers' action. It mentions that Halim auxiliaries from Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani took par
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, D.N. Aidit, Suharto, Njono
Tribune (Sydney), 29 Jun 1966, p. 5: editorial attacking Western press whitewashing of the Suharto regime plus a long reconstruction of 30 Sep-1 Oct 1965 taken from the British New Left Review, portraying the movement as junior officers' action. It mentions that Halim auxiliaries from Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani took par
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, D.N. Aidit, Suharto, Njono
RAND memorandum RM-5753-PR (Feb 1969), Guy J. Pauker, 'The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Indonesia'. Argues, from trial records, that Aidit planned the 30 September action against the generals and traces PKI strategy, the Chinese turn, the agrarian 'unilateral actions' and the killings (up to 300,000), and th
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Party, D.N. Aidit, Njono
Hermawan Sulistyo's 1997 Arizona State history PhD, 'The Forgotten Years', studies the 1965-66 killings in Jombang-Kediri, East Java, from interviews and documents, finding no single national pattern and stressing local conflict and military-backed operations. Gerwani appears in passing: its claimed 1.75 million member
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Party, D.N. Aidit, Suharto
The Guardian (Weekend Guardian), 8 Sept 1990, p.A4, John Gittings, 'The black hole of Bali': long feature on the 1965 massacre (250,000 or more killed), how the killings were organised by the army under Suharto, the Aidit/PKI role, the US list of communists (Martens/Kadane) and US encouragement, survivors ('Tapols') an
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, D.N. Aidit, Suharto, Central Java
Algemeen Indisch Dagblad (1956-03-02, p. 2): list of PKI candidates by electoral district across East Java, Central Java, West Java, Greater Jakarta and Sumatra. It includes women: Umi Sardjono (Mrs. Sukisman), Suharti Suwarto (Solo), Mudigdio (Siti Aminah Mochsjam, Jakarta), Sundari Abdulrachman (Semarang), Salawati D
shared: D.N. Aidit, Umi Sardjono, Njono, M.H. Lukman
PhD dissertation in History (UCLA, 2014) by Dahlia Gratia Setiyawan on U.S. anti-communist operations and the 1965-66 purge in Surabaya. Gerwani appears in context: as the PKI's women's affiliate (ch. 1), through the Surabaya women's coalition GOWS in the 27 September 1965 Grahadi demonstration (ch. 4), and in the Army
shared: Mass killings of 1965–66, Indonesian National Party, D.N. Aidit, Suharto
UK Foreign Office file FO 371/180322 (28 Oct-5 Nov 1965): Djakarta telegrams quoting Antara on the post-coup purge, Sukarno versus the generals, Medan and Central Java. Gerwani items: tel. 2418 (2 Nov, p. 52) reports a Kowani/women's congress move to expel Gerwani members; tel. 2421 (p. 57) quotes Suharto naming 'Pemud
shared: D.N. Aidit, Suharto, Njono, M.H. Lukman