Zhou Enlai reception for foreign guests, incl. Indonesian women's delegation led by Mrs Pudjobuntoro
Renmin Ribao, 30 Sept 1954 (p. 1): Xinhua report on Zhou Enlai's reception, with Mao Zedong attending, for foreign National Day guests. Among the very long guest list are an Indonesian women's delegation headed by Mrs Pudjobuntoro, the Indonesian goodwill delegation under Sumanang and an Indonesian art troupe; also a W
Zhou Enlai reception for foreign guests, incl. Indonesian women's delegation led by Mrs Pudjobuntoro
Renmin Ribao, 30 Sept 1954 (p. 1): Xinhua report on Zhou Enlai's reception, with Mao Zedong attending, for foreign National Day guests. Among the very long guest list are an Indonesian women's delegation headed by Mrs Pudjobuntoro, the Indonesian goodwill delegation under Sumanang and an Indonesian art troupe; also a W
National Day viewing, incl. Indonesian women's delegation (Renmin Ribao, 2 October 1954)
Renmin Ribao, 2 Oct 1954 (p. 2): Xinhua report on the fifth anniversary celebration in Tiananmen Square, listing the foreign guests on the viewing stands. Indonesian entries include an art troupe, the goodwill delegation under Sumanang, Tseng Chu-sen of Universitas Indonesia's Sinology institute, journalists, student s
National Day viewing, incl. Indonesian women's delegation (Renmin Ribao, 2 October 1954)
Renmin Ribao, 2 Oct 1954 (p. 2): Xinhua report on the fifth anniversary celebration in Tiananmen Square, listing the foreign guests on the viewing stands. Indonesian entries include an art troupe, the goodwill delegation under Sumanang, Tseng Chu-sen of Universitas Indonesia's Sinology institute, journalists, student s
Berliner Zeitung, 17 Dec 1964, p. 2: Significant declaration of the representatives of both parliaments (GDR-Indonesia)
Berliner Zeitung, 17 December 1964, p. 2: continuation of the joint declaration 'Bedeutsame Erklärung der Repräsentanten beider Parlamente' at the end of a GDR Volkskammer delegation's visit to Indonesia. It lists meetings with Sukarno, ministers and leaders, and records 'cordial encounters' with scientists and represe
Neues Deutschland, 17 Dec 1964, p. 7: Joint declaration of the representatives of the parliaments of the GDR and Indones
Neues Deutschland, 17 December 1964, p. 7: full text of the 'Gemeinsame Erklärung' signed in Jakarta on 11 December 1964 at the end of a GDR Volkskammer delegation's visit (30 Nov–12 Dec) led by Johannes Dieckmann. Delegates met Sukarno, ministers and parties; one sentence mentions meetings with 'representatives of the
Country-wide hunt for Reds in Indonesia: weapons seized (The Times of India, 11 October 1965)
The Times of India, 11 Oct 1965, p.11 (Times of India News Service, Reuter, AFP): country-wide hunt for Communists and weapons seized; 1,500 reported detained; mobs raid Njoto's and Aidit's houses; Radio Jakarta urges people to report members of the PKI, its youth and women's wings. A Muslim crowd ransacked a suburban
Torture squads in Djakarta: how Indonesian generals died (South China Morning Post, 15 October 1965)
South China Morning Post, 15 Oct 1965, p.12, 'Torture squads in Djakarta: how Indonesian generals died', by a special correspondent. A lurid account of the 1 October killings: it says 'frenzied members of the Gerwani women's organisation' chanted insults and danced naked while Pemuda Rakjat youths emasculated six gener
Jakarta women danced as generals were murdered (The Hindustan Times, 15 October 1965)
The Hindustan Times, 15 Oct 1965: report of a police witness's account at Lubang Buaya that Communist women danced naked in a circle while six generals and a lieutenant (mistaken for Nasution) were tortured to death, with torn-out fingernails and faces mutilated. Gerwani is not named, but this is an early instance of t
Abrupt change in Indonesia's political situation: Suharto takes control, mass arrests, PKI offices burned
Xinhua survey in Renmin Ribao (20 Oct 1965, p. 1) of Indonesia's first three weeks after 30 September, from Chinese-side sources: Suharto takes control, mass arrests (3,000 by 17 October), PKI headquarters burned, Harian Rakjat closed, universities shut, anti-Chinese incidents. Gerwani appears in the NU demand to disso
Suharto's radio speeches and statements of 1, 3 and 4 October 1965
Renmin Ribao (20 Oct 1965, p. 3) reprints Suharto's RRI statements of 1, 3 and 4 October 1965: he takes interim army leadership, calls the September 30th Movement counter-revolutionary, and at Lubang Buaya on 4 October says the well lay near an Air Force volunteer training centre with Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani activist
Words and deeds of the Indonesian army: Nasution and Suharto statements reprinted
Renmin Ribao (7 Nov 1965, p. 5) reprints Indonesian army statements from radio and Antara: Nasution's 25 October speech on 'slander' and purges, Suharto's 30 October Bandung speech calling the PKI the 'protagonist' and Pemuda Rakyat and Gerwani members 'supporting roles' of the movement, an army information chief's int
The masses did not rise (The Hindustan Times, 8 December 1965)
The Hindustan Times, 8 Dec 1965, Dennis Bloodworth (Singapore), 'PKI Debacle I: The Masses Did Not Rise': analysis of why the PKI collapsed after the 1 Oct coup: overrated membership, reliance on Sukarno and on army and air force penetration, no general strike, SOBSI dissolving. It reports Untung's alleged claim that m
Army plans to kill P.K.I. for ever (The Scotsman, 8 December 1965)
The Scotsman, 8 Dec 1965, Dennis Bloodworth, 'Army plans to kill PKI for ever': Suharto and Nasution press to destroy the PKI while Sukarno refuses to ban it; the article analyses the PKI's miscalculations. It repeats the slander that six generals were mutilated by 'doe-eyed girls' of the PKI's 'Gerwani' women's moveme
Berliner Zeitung, 24 Feb 1966: Charge Untenable (Njono trial, defence counsel Mrs Sunito)
Page 5 of the East Berlin Berliner Zeitung, 24 Feb 1966, with a short article 'Anklage unhaltbar' and an ADN item on the Jakarta military trial of PKI Politburo member Njono, sentenced to death on 21 Feb. It says he pleaded not guilty and sought clemency from Sukarno, and that his defence counsel, Frau Sunito (Trees Su
Berliner Zeitung, 24 Feb 1966: Charge Untenable (Njono trial, defence counsel Mrs Sunito)
Page 5 of the East Berlin Berliner Zeitung, 24 Feb 1966, with a short article 'Anklage unhaltbar' and an ADN item on the Jakarta military trial of PKI Politburo member Njono, sentenced to death on 21 Feb. It says he pleaded not guilty and sought clemency from Sukarno, and that his defence counsel, Frau Sunito (Trees Su
Neues Deutschland, 24 Feb 1966: Njono firmly defended the Communist Party
Page 7 of the SED daily Neues Deutschland, 24 Feb 1966, with a commentary and an ADN dispatch on the death sentence passed on PKI Politburo member Njono on 21 Feb. The dispatch says his defence counsel, Frau Sunito (Trees Sunito), also showed the accusations to be groundless. The commentary condemns the killings of Com
Neues Deutschland, 24 Feb 1966: Njono firmly defended the Communist Party
Page 7 of the SED daily Neues Deutschland, 24 Feb 1966, with a commentary and an ADN dispatch on the death sentence passed on PKI Politburo member Njono on 21 Feb. The dispatch says his defence counsel, Frau Sunito (Trees Sunito), also showed the accusations to be groundless. The commentary condemns the killings of Com
Not the old Subandrio (The Scotsman, 29 October 1966)
The Scotsman, 29 Oct 1966, 'Not the old Subandrio': profile of Sukarno's former foreign minister, condemned to death by a military tribunal for treason and bearing 'heavy responsibility for the rise of the PKI'. It traces his career and notes he is a scapegoat the Suharto regime can blame while Sukarno is retained for
Indonesian AAPSO secretary-general appeals to stop massacre of 300,000 patriots (snippet)
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao extract (9 Dec 1966, p. 6): Ibrahim Isa, secretary-general of the Indonesian Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation (AAPSO), appeals to stop Suharto and Nasution from massacring 300,000 Indonesian patriots; truncated. Gerwani not named. Full text is GA-01994.
Indonesian AAPSO secretary-general urges world solidarity against Suharto-Nasution regime
Xinhua report in Renmin Ribao (9 Dec 1966, p. 6) of a statement by Ibrahim Isa, secretary-general of Indonesian AAPSO, urging world solidarity against the Suharto-Nasution regime, said to hold 300,000 prisoners including women's organisation cadres and to have slaughtered hundreds of thousands. It also attacks Soviet '
Five Chinese organisations condemn Indonesian military regime's mass slaughter and detention
Xinhua report in Renmin Ribao (14 Dec 1966, p. 1): five Chinese organisations, including the All-China Women's Federation, jointly condemn Indonesia's 'right-wing military regime' for mass slaughter and detention of 300,000, support the Indonesian AAPSO appeal, and attack Soviet 'revisionists' and Adam Malik's Moscow v
Tempo, 6 October 1984: Stories of October 1965
Long Tempo feature (6 Oct 1984), New Order-era 'scattered stories' of 30 Sept-1 Oct 1965 told by witnesses: Catherine Panjaitan, Dewi Sukarno, Bambang Wijanarko, Mangil, Roeslan Abdulgani, Sugandhi, Salim Said, Syu'bah Asa. Frames events as a PKI coup and describes army/RRI takeover. Gerwani is not mentioned.
Killing off the communists (South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999)
South China Morning Post, 17 July 1999, p.37, Marian Wilkinson (Sydney Morning Herald), 'Killing off the communists': newly released US embassy and CIA cables show US officials encouraging the army's anti-PKI campaign in Oct-Nov 1965, urging anti-PKI propaganda that links 'diabolical murder and mutilation of the genera
Tempo, 1 October 2012: Under Kopkamtib's grip
Tempo explainer (1 Oct 2012) on Kopkamtib, set up by Suharto on 2 Oct 1965 as the 'super organisation' that planned and drove the mass killings and detentions (Komnas HAM names it chief perpetrator). It notes army-controlled media showing Lubang Buaya photos with stories that Gerwani women tortured the generals, and ci