Zhou Enlai reception for foreign guests, incl. Indonesian women's delegation led by Mrs Pudjobuntoro
Renmin Ribao, 30 Sept 1954 (p. 1): Xinhua report on Zhou Enlai's reception, with Mao Zedong attending, for foreign National Day guests. Among the very long guest list are an Indonesian women's delegation headed by Mrs Pudjobuntoro, the Indonesian goodwill delegation under Sumanang and an Indonesian art troupe; also a W
Zhou Enlai reception for foreign guests, incl. Indonesian women's delegation led by Mrs Pudjobuntoro
Renmin Ribao, 30 Sept 1954 (p. 1): Xinhua report on Zhou Enlai's reception, with Mao Zedong attending, for foreign National Day guests. Among the very long guest list are an Indonesian women's delegation headed by Mrs Pudjobuntoro, the Indonesian goodwill delegation under Sumanang and an Indonesian art troupe; also a W
National Day viewing, incl. Indonesian women's delegation (Renmin Ribao, 2 October 1954)
Renmin Ribao, 2 Oct 1954 (p. 2): Xinhua report on the fifth anniversary celebration in Tiananmen Square, listing the foreign guests on the viewing stands. Indonesian entries include an art troupe, the goodwill delegation under Sumanang, Tseng Chu-sen of Universitas Indonesia's Sinology institute, journalists, student s
National Day viewing, incl. Indonesian women's delegation (Renmin Ribao, 2 October 1954)
Renmin Ribao, 2 Oct 1954 (p. 2): Xinhua report on the fifth anniversary celebration in Tiananmen Square, listing the foreign guests on the viewing stands. Indonesian entries include an art troupe, the goodwill delegation under Sumanang, Tseng Chu-sen of Universitas Indonesia's Sinology institute, journalists, student s
'The fathers are not pure': Mrs Fatmawati Sukarno: 'Let me form a cabinet'
Dagblad voor Noord-Limburg, 30 Mar 1957: Fatmawati, Sukarno's first wife, who left the palace after his 1954 marriage to Hartini 'to the great indignation of the Indonesian women's organisation', proposes in an open letter that a non-party woman form the new cabinet ('the fathers are not pure'). Page also covers anti-c
S.A. women active for Afro-Asian Week
Tribune (Adelaide/SA edition and Sydney edition), 26 Apr 1961: South Australian Union of Australian Women prepares for Afro-Asian Solidarity Week. It sent greetings to Gen. Nasution on his Australian visit supporting Indonesia's claim to West New Guinea and urging an Australia-Indonesia peace pact, and wrote on Cuba an
S.A. women active for Afro-Asian Week
Tribune (Adelaide/SA edition and Sydney edition), 26 Apr 1961: South Australian Union of Australian Women prepares for Afro-Asian Solidarity Week. It sent greetings to Gen. Nasution on his Australian visit supporting Indonesia's claim to West New Guinea and urging an Australia-Indonesia peace pact, and wrote on Cuba an
Foreign Office/CRO Papers on the PKI and Malaysia Confrontation (DO 169/516, 1964)
British Commonwealth Relations Office/Foreign Office file (DO 169/516, 1964) on Indonesia and Malaysia. It combines handwritten minutes, an IRD intelligence paper on the PKI (Aidit's December 1963 plenum, Sino-Soviet line, the prospect of PKI power within five years), a brief 'Communists smoothing path to power in Indo
Neues Deutschland, 17 Dec 1964, p. 7: Joint declaration of the representatives of the parliaments of the GDR and Indones
Neues Deutschland, 17 December 1964, p. 7: full text of the 'Gemeinsame Erklärung' signed in Jakarta on 11 December 1964 at the end of a GDR Volkskammer delegation's visit (30 Nov–12 Dec) led by Johannes Dieckmann. Delegates met Sukarno, ministers and parties; one sentence mentions meetings with 'representatives of the
The masses did not rise (The Hindustan Times, 8 December 1965)
The Hindustan Times, 8 Dec 1965, Dennis Bloodworth (Singapore), 'PKI Debacle I: The Masses Did Not Rise': analysis of why the PKI collapsed after the 1 Oct coup: overrated membership, reliance on Sukarno and on army and air force penetration, no general strike, SOBSI dissolving. It reports Untung's alleged claim that m
Conversation between Khrushchev and Sukarno, 9 June 1961
Soviet record (top secret) of Khrushchev's 9 June 1961 conversation with Sukarno, translated by Angela Greenfield (Wilson Center). Khrushchev warns of US intelligence ties to rebels and army officers; Sukarno discusses banned parties, Nasakom, his backing for the PKI and consultation with Aidit, and distrust of Subandr
Fighting in Jakarta: students storm Sukarno's palace
De Nieuwe Limburger, 25 Feb 1966: students storm Sukarno's palace after the swearing-in of the new cabinet; Sukarno calls them 'madmen' and the cabinet is derided as a 'Gestapu cabinet'. A photo caption notes that KOWANI members also joined the mass gathering at the palace. Gerwani is not named.
Night Walk of the Ghosts (Canberra Times, 14 April 1966)
Canberra Times, 14 Apr 1966, p. 2: first part of an anonymous Jakarta writer's anti-PKI reconstruction of 30 Sep-1 Oct 1965, casting Aidit and Untung as plotters and describing the murder of generals, with young Communist 'gangs of youths and girls' trained in camps. Gerwani not named; story continues next day. Cold Wa
Indonesian AAPSO secretary-general appeals to stop massacre of 300,000 patriots (snippet)
Snippet-only Renmin Ribao extract (9 Dec 1966, p. 6): Ibrahim Isa, secretary-general of the Indonesian Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation (AAPSO), appeals to stop Suharto and Nasution from massacring 300,000 Indonesian patriots; truncated. Gerwani not named. Full text is GA-01994.
Indonesian AAPSO secretary-general urges world solidarity against Suharto-Nasution regime
Xinhua report in Renmin Ribao (9 Dec 1966, p. 6) of a statement by Ibrahim Isa, secretary-general of Indonesian AAPSO, urging world solidarity against the Suharto-Nasution regime, said to hold 300,000 prisoners including women's organisation cadres and to have slaughtered hundreds of thousands. It also attacks Soviet '
Five Chinese organisations condemn Indonesian military regime's mass slaughter and detention
Xinhua report in Renmin Ribao (14 Dec 1966, p. 1): five Chinese organisations, including the All-China Women's Federation, jointly condemn Indonesia's 'right-wing military regime' for mass slaughter and detention of 300,000, support the Indonesian AAPSO appeal, and attack Soviet 'revisionists' and Adam Malik's Moscow v
Dynamics of Tokyo-Djakarta Interactions, 1951-1966 (Nishihara, 1973)
Masashi Nishihara's 1973 Michigan PhD thesis on Japanese-Indonesian relations 1951-1966: war reparations, the Kishi-Sukarno settlement, lobbies, the Malaysia confrontation and the 'Sukarno groups'. Gerwani appears only once (pp. 285-286): the Nasution-Suharto group's claim that Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani and SOBSI trained
Dutch Diary, Thursday 13 Sept. (Willem Oltmans)
Willem Oltmans's 'Hollands Dagboek' in NRC Handelsblad (22 Sep 1973), entries 13-20 Sept. Covers his New Guinea/Luns campaign, Hatta, Pertamina corruption, Chile 1973 compared to Indonesia 1965 mass murder, and Nasution's letters about Aidit shared by Dewi Sukarno. Lists imprisoned Indonesian writers and journalists. N
Social Conditions Leading to Military Dominance: the case of Indonesia (Kahane, 1974)
Journal article by Reuven Kahane (Contributions to Asian Studies, vol. 5, 1974) giving a structural-sociological explanation of the 1965 coup and army dominance in Indonesia: religious-class polarisation, failing Sukarno-era control mechanisms, and the army's rise. Gerwani appears only in a footnote listing PKI-affilia
Recruitment and Factional Patterns of the Indonesian Political Elite (Gregory, 1976)
Ann Gregory's Columbia PhD thesis (1976) on the recruitment, career patterns and factions of the Indonesian political elite under Guided Democracy and the New Order, based on elite biographies, with chapters on military and civilian factions. It is a quantitative study of Javanese dominance and clientelism. Gerwani is
Fashioning Authoritarianism: Militarization of Society in Indonesia, 1930-1966 (Joshua, 2023)
PhD dissertation (Northwestern, 2023) by Norman Joshua on the militarization of Indonesian society, 1930-1966. It argues the Army intervened in non-military affairs through the 'twin logics' of emergency powers and counterinsurgency, culminating in the New Order. Gerwani appears only in passing: p. 428 gives its claime