Berliner Zeitung, 7 March 1948, p. 1: front-page report "80-Millionen-Frauenprotest gegen Krieg" on the WIDF (IDFF) appeal for International Women's Day, issued in the name of 80 million women from 48 countries. It denounces US imperialist war-making and calls on women to protest the war in Vietnam and Indonesia. Indon
Neues Deutschland, 7 March 1948, p. 1: the WIDF (IDFF) appeal for International Women's Day. Gerwani is not mentioned; Indonesia appears only twice, when French, Italian and Dutch women are urged to protest the war in Vietnam and Indonesia and when 'heroic women' of Indonesia and other fighting countries are assured of
Neues Deutschland, 6 March 1949, p. 3: "Manifest zur Verteidigung des Friedens", the manifesto of the 2nd WIDF (IDFF) Congress in Budapest to the women of the world. It calls for protest against military interventions in Greece, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaya, Burma and South Korea, and urges Dutch, British, French
Berliner Zeitung, 23 April 1949, p. 2: report 'Frieden – Grundlage des Glücks' on a rally in Berlin's Friedrichstadt-Palast supporting the Paris/Prague peace congresses. DFD chair Elli Schmidt holds up the women of Indonesia, Vietnam and China as the example for German women to struggle, not merely long, for peace. Ind
Neues Deutschland, 29 March 1952, p. 2: report 'Großberliner Schülerkonferenz' on a Berlin schoolchildren's conference organised by the German Society for the Protection of Children, with WIDF representatives present. The Indonesian kindergarten teacher Darmini, with Jeanette Turner of the USA, described the catastroph
Neue Zeit, 28 May 1953, p. 2: short ADN dispatch from Copenhagen, "Auf der Reise zum Frauen-Weltkongreß", reporting that women's delegations from China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Iceland, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Belgium, Australia, Indonesia and Costa Rica have set out for the World Congress of Women opening on 6 June. Indone
Berliner Zeitung, 4 June 1953, p. 1: ADN report 'Als Friedensboten zum Weltkongreß' on the send-off in Berlin of the GDR women's delegation to the World Congress of Women in Copenhagen. It was seen off together with delegates from China, Burma, Indonesia and Austria; the Indonesian delegates are unnamed. Wilhelmine Sch
Neues Deutschland, 4 June 1953, p. 1: picture caption 'Frauendelegationen zum Weltkongreß verabschiedet'. Delegates from Burma, Indonesia, Austria, the GDR and China were formally seen off in Berlin to the World Congress of Women in Copenhagen (opening 5 June); the photo shows Wilhelmine Schirmer-Pröscher with the Chin
Neues Deutschland, 17 November 1954, p. 8: short item 'Gemeinsam sind wir Frauen stark' on an international WIDF delegation visiting the VEB Werk für Fernmeldewesen in Berlin-Oberschöneweide. The delegation list includes 'Frau Maasie, Indonesien' (probably Maasje Siwi of Gerwani, though the page does not say so). She i
Neues Deutschland, 3 December 1955, p. 1. ADN report 'Rechte der Frauen unantastbar' on the festive rally for the 10th anniversary of the IDFF (WIDF) in the Deutsche Sporthalle, Berlin, with 3,000 women. Indonesia appears only in a list of countries whose WIDF representatives attended; no Indonesian is named and Gerwan
Neues Deutschland, 17 June 1956, p. 5: correspondent report 'Treffpunkt der Frauen ganz Deutschlands' from the World Conference of Working Women in Budapest. A young pregnant Indonesian delegate, unnamed, is moved to receive a pram with full baby outfit from the German delegation during gift exchanges with Chinese wome
Neues Deutschland, 14 December 1957, p. 4. Report 'Warum Christin und Handwerkerfrau für den Sozialismus sind' on discussions at the 6th DFD Federal Congress in Weimar. Indonesia appears only in a photo caption: foreign guests Mrs Geeta (India), Mrs Suwarti (Indonesia) and Mrs Wu (China) surrounded by GDR delegates, ex
Neue Zeit, 6 February 1960, p. 1: a two-line news brief, "IDFF an die Großmächte", reports that the WIDF bureau, meeting in Djakarta, sent a letter to the four great powers saying the 200 million women in the WIDF hope the summit conference will succeed. A neighbouring brief, "China hilft Indonesien", reports a 30 mill
Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 24 April 1965, long analytical article 'Aidit and Indonesian Communism: on the springboard to power'. It reviews the Indonesian crisis, PKI history from 1920 through Madiun 1948, Aidit's rise and biography. Gerwani appears once, as a PKI front organisation with 1.5 million members, alongside SOBSI
Neue Berner Zeitung, 3 Nov 1965 (UPI/AFP): anti-communist demonstration in Sumatra; Sukarno tells ministers to act 'bravely'; 100,000 demonstrators at the Chinese embassy in Medan; gold and silver mines nationalised; 57 PKI parliamentarians removed. Key for Gerwani research: the Indonesian women's congress (Kowani, OCR
Neue Berner Zeitung, 5 Nov 1965, DPA report 'How the Communist Party of Indonesia wanted to seize power: mass murders were planned'. Citing army-held 'captured plans', it claims the PKI intended to kill 10,000+ officers and officials, and to arm one million peasants and workers as a militia built from Pemuda Rakyat, BT
Neue Zürcher Nachrichten, 5 Nov 1965, 'Was Sukarno himself involved in the coup?' (dpa). Same DPA account: army-held plans allegedly show the PKI intended to murder 10,000+ officers and arm one million peasants and workers as a people's militia from Pemuda Rakyat, BTI, SOBSI and Gerwani cadres; the coup failed in 18 ho
Walliser Bote (5 Nov 1965) running a DPA report on the coup, repeating army-sourced claims of a PKI plan to murder 10,000+ officials and build a people's militia from Pemuda Rakyat, BTI, SOBSI and Gerwani cadres on the Peking model. Also puzzles over Sukarno's presence at Halim.
Berner Tagwacht (Bern), 6 Nov 1965, DPA-based report on the Indonesian coup. Citing army-compiled 'captured plans', it claims the PKI planned to murder 10,000+ officers in five days and arm one million peasants and workers via Pemuda Rakyat, BTI, SOBSI and Gerwani cadres as a militia on the Peking model. It calls Sukar
Geschäftsblatt für den obern Teil des Kantons Bern, 6 Nov 1965: the same DPA report on the Indonesian coup as in Berner Tagwacht, with other subheadings. It alleges PKI plans (from captured documents) to murder 10,000+ officers and to arm one million peasants and workers as a militia using Pemuda Rakyat, BTI, SOBSI and
Burgdorfer Tagblatt (Burgdorf), 8 Nov 1965, 'Was Sukarno involved in the coup?', the same DPA report as in Berner Tagwacht with subheadings. It claims captured plans show the PKI intended to kill 10,000+ officers and officials, and to arm one million peasants and workers as a 'people's militia' using cadres of Pemuda R
Neue Zurcher Zeitung report (signed T. R., 10 November 1965) on the WFTU congress in Warsaw, overshadowed by the Soviet-Chinese conflict. Among the eight secretariat members elected is Setiati Surasto (Indonesia); the Indonesian delegation is said to have backed the Chinese line. This documents her international trade-
Neue Zeit, 13 August 1993, p. 5: report 'Bekenntnis zur Kriegsschuld' on Japan's new coalition seeking to apologise to neighbouring states. It recalls that up to 200,000 women from Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines were forced into army brothels (so-called 'comfort women') between 1930 and 1